Lipoma is one of the unusual benign breast neoplasms and usually manifests at fatty breast of women at the age of 40 to 60. We experienced a case of large breast lipoma nearly replacing the whole left breast parenchymal tissue with mammographic finding of well-defined radiolucent mass, sonographic finding of hyperechoic mass with disorganized echopattern and computerized tomographic finding of very low attenuation mass, characteristic to adipose tissue, in a young woman of her dense breast.
Adipose Tissue ; Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Female ; Humans ; Lipoma* ; Ultrasonography

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) or Osler-Weber-Rendu disease is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by repeated episodes of bleeding. Multiple telangiectases consisting of thin-walled, dilated vascular channels with arteriovenous communication may involve, for example, mucocutaneous tissue, the gastrointestinal tract, and the liver, lung, and brain. We report the imaging findings of two cases of HHT involving arteriovenous malformation of both the lungs and liver, a rare condition. Chest radiography revealed a round mass, while helical CT showed a feeding artery and draining vein with arteriovenous malformation in the lung. Color Doppler sonography revealed an enlarged and tortuous hepatic artery with high systolic velocity. CT demonstrated an enlarged hepatic artery, arteriovenous shunt, and early draining hepatic vein in the liver. Celiac angiography showed arteriovenous malformation.
Angiography ; Arteries ; Arteriovenous Malformations* ; Brain ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Hemorrhage ; Hepatic Artery ; Hepatic Veins ; Liver* ; Lung* ; Radiography ; Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic* ; Telangiectasis ; Thorax ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; Veins

No abstract available.
Cyclosporine* ; Humans

PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy of ancillary CT findings other than the obstructive lesion per se for the differential diagnosis of extrahepatic biliary obstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS:CT findings of 49 patients with extrahepatic bile duct obstruction(22 benign and 27 malignant lesions) were assessed with emphasis on the patterns of ductal dilatation, contrast enhancement, and diffuse thickening of the extrahepatic ductal wall. Degree of central and peripheral intrahepratic ductal dilatation was graded by comparing with the adjacent portal radicles and hepatic parenchymal thickeness. RESULTS: Diffuse circumferential thickening and contrast enhancement of the extrahepatic ductal wall were more frequent in benign cases, but only thickening was statistically significant(p < 0.01). Peripheral intrahepatic ducts were more severely dilated by malignant causes(p < 0.01). With the same degrees of extrahepatic and central ductal dilatations, peripheral intrahepatic ducts were more severely dilated in malignant than in benign cases. CONCLUSION: These results may help to interpret the CT findings of extrahepatic biliary obstruction, particularly when the cause of biliary obstruction is uncertain.
Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Dilatation* ; Humans

Purpose: This study investigated the incidence and risk factors of cataract in people with diabetes mellitus (DM) using data from Ansan cohort of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). Methods: Data from a total of 329 patients with type 2 DM without cataract who participated in Ansan cohort of the KoGES from baseline survey (2001–2002) to fifth follow-up visit (2011–2012) were examined.The characteristics of the subjects were analyzed with frequency and percentage, and mean and standard deviation. Cataract incidence was measured as incidence proportion (%). For risk factors of cataract, hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were obtained using the Cox proportional hazard model. Results: The cataract incidence over a 10-year follow-up period was 19.1% (15.1 in males and 25.8 in females), and mean age at the incidence of cataract was 63.48 years (61.58 years in males and 65.31 years in females). Age (HR=1.09, 95% CI=1.05–1.13) and HbA1c (HR=1.21, 95% CI=1.07–1.37) or the duration of DM (HR=1.05, 95% CI=1.00–1.09) were found to be independently associated with cataract development. Conclusion Cataract development in people with DM is common, and its likelihood increases with age, HbA1c, and the duration of DM. Considering negative effect of cataract on their quality of life and economic burden, nurses should identify people with DM at a higher risk of cataract development, and plan individual eye examination programs to detect cataract development as early as possible.

BACKGROUND: Nosocomial urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most frequent nosocomial infection and could be prevented through the intensive nosocomial infection control (NIC) or restricting the use of indwelling urinary catheter. The efficiency of the intensive NIC to prevent UTI for the patients with indwelling urinary catheter was investigated. METHODS: Study population consisted of 296 patients with indwelling urinary catheter in the intensive care unit (lCU) who didn't have UTI on admission. The incidence rates of nosocomial UTI were compared between 146 patients being provided with ordinary NIC from March 15 to July 31, 1995 (control group) and 150 patients being provided with intensive NIC from January 16 to October 31, 1996 (NIC group). RESULTS: There was significant decrease in the incidence of nosocomial UTI in the NIC group (35 UTI among 150 patients, 23.8%) than in me control group (68 UTI among 146 patients, 46.6%) (P<0.01). But there were no differences in age distribution, sex, admission route to the ICU and underlying diagnoses between two groups. Interval between insertion of urinary catheter and development of UTI was significantly prolonged in the NIC group (10.0 +/- 3.5 days) than in the control group(7.6 +/- 3.9 days) (p < 0.01) despite there were no differences in the duration of urinary catheterization in two groups. The most common organism isolated from the urine of the patients was Candida tropicalis in both groups and the other organisms were in the order of Enterococcus faecium, Pseudomonas putida, Staphylococcus epidermidis in the control group and in the order of Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterococcus faecalis in the NIC group. Four of five Staphylococcus aureus isolated in NIC group were MRSA. CONCLUSION: This study result confirms the efficiency of intensive NIC fur decrease in the incidence of nosocomial UTI in patients with indwelling urinary catheter. But the incidence of nosocomial UTI should be decreased further through the continuous emphasis on NIC and it seems to be necessary to study the effect of each component of NIC with proper control of the risk factors for the development of nosocomial UTI in the future.
Acinetobacter baumannii ; Age Distribution ; Candida tropicalis ; Cross Infection* ; Diagnosis ; Enterococcus faecalis ; Enterococcus faecium ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intensive Care Units* ; Critical Care* ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Pseudomonas putida ; Risk Factors ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Staphylococcus epidermidis ; Urinary Catheterization ; Urinary Catheters ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*

No abstract available.
Glomerular Basement Membrane*

Exercise testing with Thallium imaging is widely used for the noninvasive evaluation of patients suspected of having coronary artery disease. However, many patients referred for stress testing connot exercise adequately for either physical or psychological reasons, and as a result may have nondiagnostic or suboptimal test results. Intravenous dipyridamole in conjunction with Thallium imaging is as effective alternative method without exercise. But, myocardial imaging using the standard scintillation camera technique(planner view) is hampered by superposition of proximal & distal cardial walls and by the segmental nature of myocardial ischemia. For this reason, Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography(SPECT) reslut in high specificity & sensitivity rates for the detection of coronar artery disease compared with conventional technique. So we performed dipyridamole Th-201 myocardial scintigraphy on 25 subjects who have suspicious angina or myocardial infarction instead of exercise Th-201 myocardial scintigraphy, and compared SPECT view with conventional plannar view. The results obtained are as follows : 1) T1-201 scintigraphic findings in 17 patients with suspicious angina were as follows ; redistribution defect was seen in 4 cases in plannar view and 13 cases in SPECT view. 2) T1-201 scintigraphic findings in 8 patients with myocardial infarction were as follows ; in planner view, perfusion defect was seen in all cases and 1 cases of them, redistribution defect was accompained, and in SPECT view, perfusion defect was seen in all cases and 6 cases of them, redistribution defect was accompained. 3) During dipyridamole infusion, the mean systolic & diatolic pressure decreased from 133+/-22.7/86+/-13.5 to 121+/-23.9/78+/-13.1mmHg and the heart rate increased from 68+/-12.4 to 84+/-12.4beats/min. 4) Adverse effects of dipyridamole were noted in 14(56%) of the subjects, but in 12 of these, the symptoms were mild in severity and subsided spontanously. To summarize, Dipyridamole-201 myocardial imaging is a useful and test for coronary artery disease, and the new tomographic technique, SPECT view, is more useful than the conventional plannar view.
Arteries ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Dipyridamole* ; Exercise Test ; Gamma Cameras ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Myocardial Perfusion Imaging ; Perfusion Imaging* ; Perfusion* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Thallium* ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Lupus Nephritis*

No abstract available.