Although the measurement of tear film break-up time (BUT) is the most frequently used diagnostic test for dry eye syndrome, there have been no reports for the relationship between clinical manifestations of dry eye patients and the degree of their BUTs. To investigate the relationship, we analyzed retrospectively clinical manifestations of 466 dry eye patients and categorized them into two groups in terms of BUT, the group of BUT <5 seconds and BUT >or=5 seconds, in various clinical manifestations. The two groups were compared by X2-test and the results were as follows. The two groups did not show statistically significant difference in sex, age, duration of symptoms, degree of corneal erosion, and time from the beginning of management to symptom improvement. Therefore we thought that there was no statistically significant correlation beteween the above-mentioned clinical manifestations of this study patients and their BUT's. There were more patients whose BUT were below 5 seconds than those having BUT above 5 seconds in group complaining foreign body sensation as a main symptom and in group having associated chronic conjunctivitis. (BUT, dry eye)
Conjunctivitis ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Dry Eye Syndromes ; Foreign Bodies ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensation ; Tears

No abstract available.
Humans ; Listeria* ; Meningitis, Listeria*

The development of glomerular injury in patients with malignancy is considered as paraneoplastic syndrome. The most frequently observed renal lesions associated with malignancies are the membraneous glomerulonephritis on carcinomas and minimal change nephrotic syndrome on Hodgkin's disease. However, glomerular diseases on non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were only occasionally reported. Here we report a case of IgA nephropathy associated with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. A 53-year-old woman who had complained of gross hematuria and fever was admitted to Wonju Christian Hospital. A urinalysis revealed 2+ proteinuria and red blood cells >30/HPF. A 24-hour urinary protein excretion was 379mg. She was diagnosed as IgA nephropathy on renal biopsy. Subsequently, biopsy of her enlarged neck node was performed for evaluation of fever of unknown origin and it revealed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (Ki-1 positive anaplastic lymphoma null cell type). Combination chemotherapy was instituted with cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine and prednisone. After 3 cycles of chemotherapy, she showed no evidence of proteinuria and hematuria with clinical and radiological improvement of malignant lymphoma. Therefore we suggest of certain association between IgA nephropathy and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma by the observation of corresponding disease activity.
Biopsy ; Cyclophosphamide ; Doxorubicin ; Drug Therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Erythrocytes ; Female ; Fever ; Fever of Unknown Origin ; Gangwon-do ; Glomerulonephritis ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA* ; Hematuria ; Hodgkin Disease ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A* ; Lymphocytes, Null ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin* ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; Nephrosis, Lipoid ; Paraneoplastic Syndromes ; Prednisone ; Proteinuria ; Urinalysis ; Vincristine

Background/Aims: Periampuilary diverticulum has been known to be associated with various bilio-pancreatic diseases such as choledocholithiasis and disturbs performing selective cannuiation of ERCP and EST. This present study aims to investigate anatomical morphology of periampullary diverticulum and to determine whether periampullary diverticulurn influences difficulty and complication performing of ERCP and to analyse the relationship between periampullary diverticulum and choledocholithiasis. Methods: We reviewed records of chart and diverticular pictures in 1389 cases of underwent ERCP and evaluated the incidence, size, direction, location of periampullary diverticulum and its influence against performing of ERCP and investigated its relationship with bilio-pancreatic diseases such as choledocholithiasis.(continue..)
Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Choledocholithiasis ; Diverticulum* ; Incidence

Arterial blood gas analysis has become an integral part of the clinical evaluation of the patient with known or suspected pulmonary disease. However, when the results of the measurements show arterial hypoxemia which is out of proportion to the clinical and X-ray evidence of lung disease, we may consider potential errors in measurement involving the blood gas analyzer or methods of blood sample storage. We experienced spurious hypoxemia in a patient with extreme leukocytosis (220.0 X 10(3)/mm3) secondary to leukemia. The degree of PaO2 decay was blunted by placing the blood on ice.
Anoxia ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Humans ; Ice ; Leukemia ; Leukocytosis* ; Lung Diseases ; Oxygen*

We performed radionuclide ventriculography before and within 1 week after percutaneous mirtal valvuloplasty(PMV) to evaluate left ventricular(LV) function in 20 patients(3 males and 17 females, mean age of 38±10 years) who were pure mitral stenosis before PMV and less than grade 1 mitral regurgitation developed after PMV. 9 out of 20 patients had atrial fibrillation and 3 patients developed a small left-to-right shunt(Qp/Qs<1.5)after PMV using double-balloon technique resulted in a increase in mitral valve area(0.9±0.3 to 2.1±0.8mm
Atrial Fibrillation ; Cardiac Output ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mitral Valve ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency ; Mitral Valve Stenosis* ; Radionuclide Ventriculography ; Stroke Volume

OBJECTIVE: The objectives were to estimate the rate of the injury in the elderly over the past year and to identify factors related to injury in the elderly in South Korea. METHOD: Using data from the 2008 Community Health Survey, 43,049 elderly persons, aged 65 years and older, were selected as study subjects. Their experience of injury during the past year and other variables, including socio-demographic factors, health-related factors, and diagnosed chronic diseases, were used. The chi-squared test and multiple logistic regression analysis with weighted analysis were conducted and statistical significance was set at p<0.05. RESULT: The rate of injury in the elderly during the past year was 5.1%. The most common types of the injury were falling/slipping down and traffic accidents. Factors related to injury in the elderly were living alone, current drinking, depression, poor self-rated health, stroke, and osteoporosis. Living alone (odds ratio 1.23, 95% CI: 1.05-1.45), current drinkers (OR 1.19, 95% CI: 1.05-1.35), poor self-rated health (OR 1.72, 95% CI: 1.43-2.08), depression (OR 1.23, 95% CI: 1.17-1.68), and history of stroke (OR 1.40, 95% CI: 1.17-1.68), and history of osteoporosis (OR 1.45, 95% CI: 1.26-1.66) were related to an increased risk of injury. CONCLUSIONS: Intervention programs that consider the risk factors related to injury should be developed and implemented to decrease and prevent injuries in the elderly.

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is a condition caused by spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage, resulting in orthostatic headache as the main symptom, but other symptoms such as memory loss, nausea, and tinnitus may also be present. Various imaging techniques are used to diagnose SIH, with magnetic resonance imaging myelography being an important tool for detecting the leakage site of CSF. Conservative treatments including hydration, bed rest, and intravenous caffeine have been tried with limited success. Epidural blood patch (EBP) is the most commonly performed treatment for SIH after the failure of conservative management. There are different opinions about the EBP procedure (e.g., blind EBP vs. targeted EBP). This report describes the treatment of SIH with targeted EBP according to imaging diagnosis after the failure of initial blind lumbar EBP.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of plugging the biopsy tract in rabbit liver and the pathologic changes caused by plugging materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two New Zealand White rabbits were divided into four groups(eight rabbits in each) and compared with one another. They were labeled group A(control), B(gelfoam),C(fibrin sealant) or D(NBCA). The liver was exposed and biopsied with an 18G disposible biopsy gun. The inner Tru-cut needle was withdrawn and plugging was undertaken through the outer cannula of the biopsy gun. Bleeding times of each material were compared. The rabbits were sacrificed and pathologically evaluated for 17 days. RESULTS: Mean bleeding times were 46.7+/-34.5 sec in group A, 42.9+/-54.7 sec in group B, 12.6+/-15.0 sec in group C, and 0 sec in group D. In groups C and D, these results were statistically significant(p<0.01). Pathologically, fibrin sealant was lowest in foreign body reaction and fibrosis. NBCA was effective for the prevention of hemorrhage. CONCLUSION: NBCA and fibrin sealant effectively plug the biopsy tract through the outer cannula of an18 G biopsy gun.
Biopsy* ; Bleeding Time ; Catheters ; Fibrin Tissue Adhesive* ; Fibrin* ; Fibrosis ; Foreign-Body Reaction ; Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable* ; Hemorrhage ; Liver* ; Needles ; Rabbits

Xp/Yq translocations are rare chromosomal rearrangements, and the phe-notype of male carriers varies according to the segment of the Xp region that is deleted. In this case report, we describe a der(X)t(X;Y)(p22.31;q11.22) translocation, detected by conventional cytogenetic analysis, in a male fetus at a gestational age of 16 weeks. Chromosomal analysis of parental blood confirmed that this chromosomal aberration had been maternally inherited. Array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analysis of fetal blood further indicated a nullisomy of Xp22.31-pter and a breakpoint between the STS and KAL1 genes. The STS, NLGN4, ARSE, CSF2RA, and SHOX genes are present in the region that was deleted, and are known to be related to conditions such as X-linked ichthyosis, chondrodysplasia punctata, mental retardation, and facial dysmorphism in humans. Prenatal ultrasonographic findings and autopsy results were consistent with Xp22.31-pter deletion phenotypes. Genetic counseling was provided for the mother. The observations from this case study indicate that advanced molecular techniques can provide a more precise prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal anomalies than conventional cytogenetics can.
Autopsy ; Chondrodysplasia Punctata ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Comparative Genomic Hybridization ; Cytogenetic Analysis ; Cytogenetics ; Fetal Blood ; Fetus ; Genetic Counseling ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Ichthyosis ; Intellectual Disability ; Male ; Mothers ; Parents ; Phenotype ; Prenatal Diagnosis