The effects of Cryosurgery of the ciliary body on the aqueous humor dynamics of ten albino rabbits were studied by perfusion experiments. The cryo-probe (tip diameter, 3 mm) was frozen by dry ice and alcohol mixture and applied over the full circumference of the eye 2 mm from the limbus for 30 seconds. Eight applications were made in each eye. Intraocular pressure fell during the first 10 days after surgery, the amount of fall averaged 2.5 mmHg (12.6% of the pre-treatment level). Thereafter the intraocular pressure rose gradually in all eyes and reached almost to the original level 3 weeks after surgery. Facility of outflow changed inconsistently, showing no definite pattern. Aqueous flow showed significant reductions during the 2 to 3 weeks after treatment, then gradually recovered. There was no significant reduction in flow after the end of 3 weeks. No complications were encountered except mild iridocyclitis during the first week. The unsatisfactory outcome of this cryotherapy is considered to be due to the insufficient freezing of the ciliary body, and more applications is recommended in order to produce more sustained reduction of intraocular pressure.
Aqueous Humor ; Ciliary Body ; Cryosurgery ; Cryotherapy ; Dry Ice ; Freezing ; Intraocular Pressure ; Iridocyclitis ; Perfusion ; Rabbits*

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to measure the magnitude of the hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction(HPV) response to hypoxia of left lung and the effect of positive end-expira pressure(PEEP) of right lung on the regional HPV of left lung. METHODS: Left thoracotomy was performed in eight female mongrel dogs. Left pulmonary blood flow(Q) was measured with electromagnetic blood flow probe and cardiac output with tliermodilution technique in triplicate. Systemic and pulmonary hemodynamics were measured via Swan-Ganz and indwelling catheters. Q was shown as percent of cardiac output(Q%). Total, right and left pulmonary v.ascular resistance(PVRt, PVRr and PVR1) and pulmonary shunt(Qg/Qt) were calculated. Through the study, the right lung was ventilated continuously with 100% O2, while the left lung was either ventilated with 100% O2(control: phased 1)and a gas mixture containing 4% O2, 3% CO2 and 93% N2 (hypoxic: phase2I and 3). In phase 3 10 cmH2O PEET was applied to the light lung. RESULTS: Left lung hypoxia in phase 2 results in a reduction of Ql% and PaO2 and a elevation of PVRl without any changes of PVRt, Qs/Qt, MPAP and pulmonary perfusion pressure(PPP). With a 10 cm H2O PEEP on the light lung in phase 3, Ql% returned to the control level, but PVRl was still higher as compared to control . PaO2 and Qs/Qt were further aggravated. PVRt and PVRr were elevated in phase 3 as compared to phase 1and 2. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that contra-lateral PEET during unilateral HPV may aggravate systemic hypoxemia via blood flow diversion away from the PEETed area to the hypoxic area, but not abolish hypoxic pressor respone of hypoxic area.
Animals ; Anoxia ; Cardiac Output ; Catheters, Indwelling ; Dogs ; Female ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Lung ; Magnets ; Perfusion ; Positive-Pressure Respiration ; Thoracotomy ; Ventilation

A small but significant rise in serum potassium level following succinylcholine administration has been observed in normal anesthetized patients. A dangerous increase in serum potassium concentrations after the administration of succinylcholine chloride has been reported in an increasing number of clinical conditions including burns, massive muscle trauma, tetanus and uremia. The hyperkalemia can be of sufficient degree to cause ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation. Serum electrolytes levels were measured in 40 healthy children during induction of anesthesia. They were less than 10 years old and were divided into 4 groups of 10 children each. Group l: Ketamine 2 mg/kg and succinylcholine 2 mg/kg Group llI: Thiopental 5 mg/kg and succinylcholine 2 mg/kg Group lll: Pretreatment with pancuronium 20 ug/kg followed in 3 min by ketamine 2 mg/kg and succinylcholine 2 mg/kg Group lV: Pretreatment with pancuronium 20 ug/kg followed in 3 min. by thiopental 5 mg/kg and succinylcholine 2 mg/kg. Venous blood samples for serum electrolyte estimation were obtained using a catheter placed in an antecubital vein. The following results were obtained: 1) Serum potassium concentration following administration of succinylcholine was significantly increased in group l (p<0.05), but not in group ll, lll, lV. 2) Peak changes of serum potassium concentration were much higher in group l than group ll and lll, and the peak change in group lV was decreased below control values. Variance analysis indicate a significant difference between group I and the others(pp<0.05). 3) The peak change in serum potassium concentration in group I was from 1 min. to 3 min. after succinylcholine. 4) Serum Na+, Cl- and CO2, content were not significantly changed after succinylcholine and statistically not significant in all the groups.
Anesthesia ; Burns ; Catheters ; Child* ; Electrolytes* ; Humans ; Hyperkalemia ; Ketamine* ; Pancuronium* ; Potassium ; Succinylcholine* ; Tachycardia, Ventricular ; Tetanus ; Thiopental* ; Uremia ; Veins

No abstract available.
Myocarditis* ; Stomach*

No abstract available.
Meningitis, Bacterial*

Serial neurosonographic examinations are routinely performed at frequent intervals during nursery course of all preterm infants of very low-birth-weight who are admitted to the intensive care nursery of Presbyterian Medical Center from November 1, 1990 to July 30, 1992. After discharge, the following survivors who had received periodic, serial scanning by meas of cranial ultrasonography were longitudinally observed in an interdisciplinary neurodevelopmental follow-up program to a mean corrected age of 13 months. Neurodevelopmental outcome was assessed by means of Vojta's postural reaction and other neurological examinations. The results are as follows: 1) The incidence of PV-IVH in the study was 79%. 2) According to Papile's grading system of PV-IVH, gradel was 20%, gradell was 46%, gradelll was 19%, and grade IV was 13%. 3) The risk factors associated with PV-IVH were birth weight, gestational age, apgar score, ventilator care, RDS, and sepsis. 4) The mortality of PV-IVH was 20% for gradel, 19% for gradell, 44% for gradelll, and 67% for grade lV. 5) According to relationship between PV-IVH and neurodevelopmental outcome, in two of the four subjects with grade lll PV-IVH, moderate/severe CCD was developed. 6) According to relationship between PVE with cysts and nuerodevelopmental outcome, moderate/severe PVE with periventricular cysts larger than 3mm in diameter was associated with development of severe CCD.
Apgar Score ; Birth Weight ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gestational Age ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Critical Care ; Mortality ; Neurologic Examination ; Nurseries ; Protestantism ; Risk Factors ; Sepsis ; Survivors ; Ultrasonography ; Ventilators, Mechanical

Pulmonary edema is a recognized comphcation of acute airway obstruction. When pulmonary edema occurs, it usually follows relief of obstruction and is likely to be of noncardiogenic origin. We present a case of noncanhogenic pulmonary edema that occured in a ncy woman who was transfered to our hospital, because of endotracheal intubation failure and unrelieved bronchospasm, during general anesthesia for Cesarian section.
Airway Obstruction* ; Anesthesia, General ; Bronchial Spasm ; Female ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Pulmonary Edema*

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to explore the influence of academic institutional interest, open parent-adolescent communication, social (friend) support, and existential spiritual well-being on suicidal ideation of college students. METHODS: The research design was descriptive survey research involving 285 college students in city G. Data was collected from May 18, 2011 to November 2, 2011 and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and hierarchical regression analysis. RESULTS: The findings reveal that suicidal ideation of college students was low, i.e., average score was 9.2+/-3.65 (possible range 5~25). This study determined that suicidal ideation is negatively correlated with interest on the part of the academic institution, open parent-adolescent communication, social support from friends, and existential spiritual well-being. The extent of existential spiritual well-being was a significant predictor of suicidal ideation, controlling for general characteristics variables (gender, number of close friends, first supporter) and institutional interest, open parent-adolescent communication, and social support. Existential spiritual well-being accounted for 50% of the explanation of suicidal ideation of college students. CONCLUSION: Based on the outcomes of this study, designing an intervention program that emphasizes existential spiritual well-being in order to decrease suicidal ideation of tertiary education students is strongly recommended.
Education ; Friends ; Humans ; Research Design ; Suicidal Ideation*

No abstract available.
Dyspnea* ; Humans

Truncus arteriosus is characterized by a single arterial vessel arising from the base of the heart and giving origin to the systemic, pulmonary and coronary circulation. To evaluate the incidence, types, and associated anomalies, 18cases of truncus arteriosus diagnosed by angiocardiography, were reviewed and were compared with other reports. Ten of them were confirmed by operation. The overall incidence of truncus arteriosus was 0.127%. Accordin to Collett and Edwards classification. Type I was encountered in 11cases(61%), type II in 4cases(22%), and type III in 3cases(17%), All the patients had subtruncal ventricular septal defects. Eight patients showed truncal valve regurgitation and valve stenosis was noted in one case. A right aortic arch was present in 9 cases. Associated anomalies were atrial septal defect(8cases), patent ductus arteriosus(3cases), coarctation of the aorta(2cases), isolation of the left subclavian artery(2 cases), and right aortic arch with an aberrant left subclavian artery(1case). Truncus arteriosus is an uncommon congenital cardio vascular malformation. In the group of cases which we encountered, type I was the most common anomaly. Frequently associated anomalies were right aortic arch, incompetent truncal valve and atrial septal defect.
Angiocardiography ; Aorta, Thoracic ; Classification ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Coronary Circulation ; Heart ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Truncus Arteriosus* ; Vascular Malformations