No abstract available.
Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular* ; Kidney Failure, Chronic*

OBJECTIVES: The most common chromosomal abnormality contributing to recurrent abortion is the balanced chromosomal translocation. However the exact incidence of fetal losses are still unknown. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the incidence of fetal chromosomal abnormalities and outcome of pregnancy in recurrent miscarriage couples with balanced translocation. DESIGN: A retrospective analysis of recurrent spontaneous abortion patients with balanced chromosomal translocation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cytogenetic analysis was performed in 56 couples with history of recurrent abortions from 1995 to 1999. The use of high resolution banding technique and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) in the chromosomal analysis has made the precise evaluation of chromosome aberrations. RESULTS: Among 56 couples, 42 patients had reciprocal translocation and 14 had Robertsonian translocation. Chromosomal aberrations were more frequent in women (36 cases) than in men (20 cases). Prenatal cytogenetic analyses were carried out in 14 subsequent pregnancies for carrier couples with balanced translocation. The fetal karyotypes showed that 5 cases (35.7%) was normal, 8 (57.1%) were balanced translocation, and 1 (7.1%) was unbalanced translocations. And cytogenetic analyses were done on 15 subsequent chorionic villi samples of abortuses for carrier couples with balanced translocations. Fourteen of fifteen abortuses (93.3%) were abnormal karyotype. CONCLUSIONS: Although the incidence of chromosomal imbalance in the fetuses was relatively low in prenatal cytogenetic analysis, individuals with balanced translocations are predisposed to giving birth to malformed offsprings with chromosomal imbalance (partial trisomy or monosomy). Therefore we recommend preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for recurrent abortions with balanced translocation and preventing the birth of offspring with chromosomal abnormalities.
Abnormal Karyotype ; Abortion, Habitual* ; Abortion, Spontaneous ; Chorionic Villi ; Chromosome Aberrations* ; Cytogenetic Analysis ; Family Characteristics* ; Female ; Fetus ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Incidence* ; Karyotype ; Male ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Preimplantation Diagnosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Translocation, Genetic ; Trisomy

We report a case of alopecia areata in a 32-year-old man that developed during the course of cyclosporine therapy following kidney transplantation. Cyclosporine has been reported to be of value in the treatment of alopecia areata. It would therefore appear unlikely that alopecia areata would develop in our patient while he was undergoing cyclosporine therapy. To our knowledge, this is a rare case report of alopecia areata in a patient taking cyclosporine in Korean dermatologic literature.
Adult ; Alopecia Areata* ; Alopecia* ; Cyclosporine* ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the important factors affecting survival and pregnancy rate in frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles. METHODS: we performed reprospective analysis in 738 cycles of frozen-thawed embryo transfers, in relation to the insemination methods, the freezing stage of embryo, patient's age, infertility factors and the origin of injected sperm in ICSI cycles. After conventional IVF or ICSI, the supernumerary PN stage zygotes or multicellular embryos were cryopreserved by slow freezing protocol with 1,2-propandiol (PROH) as a cryoprotectant. RESULTS: The survival rates of thawed embryos were 69.3% (1585/2287) in conventional IVF group and 71.7&% (1645/2295) in ICSI group. After frozen-thawed embryo transfers, 27.0% (92/341) and 32.0% (109/341) of pregnancy rates were achieved in conventional IVF and ICSI group, respectively. There were no significant difference in the survival and pregnancy rates according to the insemination methods, the freezing stage and patient's age. However, the pregnancy rate (36.2%) of male factor infertility (22.9%). In ICSI group, the origin of injected sperm did not affect the outcome of frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrates that acceptable clinical outcomes can be achieved after the transfer of frozen-thawed embryos regardless of the stage of embryos for freezing, the patient's age and the origin of injected sperm.
Embryo Transfer* ; Embryonic Structures* ; Freezing ; Humans ; Infertility ; Insemination ; Male ; Pregnancy Rate* ; Pregnancy* ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic ; Spermatozoa ; Survival Rate ; Zygote

PURPOSE: This study compares beneficiaries of Korean Medicaid with those under the National Health Insurance program, seeking to understand how each group utilizes their healthcare. METHODS: Data were obtained from a Health Promotion Survey in 2005. Health status was measured by the respondents' perception of health. Health service utilization included the availability of healthcare services, the type of healthcare institution, and intent to revisit. Predisposing and enabling factors, as well as health care needs were used for this study. RESULTS: Compared to National Health Insurance beneficiaries, Medicaid beneficiaries reported lower levels of health status and fewer enabling factors. They had more chronic diseases and disabilities. Education level, existence of chronic diseases, exercise patterns, and disabilities were associated with health status. CONCLUSION: We found that Medicaid beneficiaries had fewer resources and higher levels of health needs. As Medicaid is reformed, policy makers and administrators should understand healthcare utilization behaviors of Medicaid beneficiaries and the factors hindering access to care.
Administrative Personnel ; Causality ; Chronic Disease ; Delivery of Health Care ; Education ; Health Policy ; Health Promotion ; Health Services* ; Humans ; Korea* ; Medicaid* ; National Health Programs

OBJECTIVE: To compare motor evoked potential stimulated by round coil with that stimulated by butterfly coil. METHOD: Thirty control subjects were studied using magnetic stimulation by round coil and butterfly coil. Stimulation sites were cortex, cervical spine and lumbar spine. Recording electrodes were located on biceps brachii, abductor digiti minimi and tibialis anterior muscles. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between latencies of motor evoked potentials using round coil and those using butterfly coil in all tested muscles. In all muscles, amplitudes were significantly higher in stimulation with round coil than with butterfly coil. Above results were shown in both cortical and spinal motor evoked potentials. There were significant correlations between latencies of motor evoked potentials, heights, and arm lengths. CONCLUSION: We can record motor evoked potentials more easily with round coil than butterfly coil.
Arm ; Butterflies* ; Electrodes ; Evoked Potentials, Motor* ; Muscles ; Spine

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to evaluate clinical competency of nursing students and to examine the validity and reliability of the scale. METHODS: The Clinical Competency Scale was formed through modification of Lee's Clinical Competency Scale that was originally developed in 1990. The Clinical Competency Scale was applied to 203 nursing students. Construct validity, item convergent and discriminant validity, concurrent validity, and internal consistency reliability of the scale were evaluated. RESULTS: Exploratory factor analysis supported the construct validity with a five factor solution; that explained 63.6% of the total variance. Concurrent validity was demonstrated with the Nursing Competence Scale (r=.78, p < .001). Cronbach's α coefficient for the scale was .96. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that the Clinical Competency Scale has relatively acceptable reliability and validity and can be used in clinical research to assess clinical competency for nursing students.
Clinical Competence ; Humans ; Mental Competency ; Nursing ; Psychometrics ; Reproducibility of Results ; Students, Nursing

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the motor unit numbers in normal adult hand muscles using manual incremental technique and F-wave technique. METHOD: We estimated the motor unit numbers in abductor pollicis brevis muscles of twenty normal adults. In manual incremental technique, we estimated the motor unit numbers using motor unit count program setted in electrodiagnostic equipment (Dantec, Keypoint). In F-wave technique, we estimated the motor unit numbers dividing maximal M-potential amplitude by mean amplitude of surface motor unit action potential. RESULTS: There was no significant difference of motor unit numbers between right and left abductor pollicis brevis in both manual incremental and F-wave technique. Motor unit numbers using F-wave technique were significantly greater than motor unit numbers using manual incremental technique. CONCLUSION: The difference of motor unit numbers using manual incremental technique and F-wave technique was considered as a difference of functional electrical stimulation. F-wave technique was more physiologic and functional method of motor unit numbers estimation than manual incremental technique.
Action Potentials ; Adult* ; Electric Stimulation ; Hand ; Humans ; Muscles

No abstract available.
Liver* ; Osteosarcoma*

The most common symptom of buckwheat allergy was asthmatic attack and less common were nasal symptoms, eye symptoms, urticaria, and gastrointestinal symptoms. The pathomechanism of this allergy is type I, IgE-mediated immediate type reaction. Three cases showed respiratory discomforts after exposure to buckwheat and revealed positive reactions to buckwheat in the skin prick test. We report typical three cases of buckwheat allergy.
Fagopyrum* ; Hypersensitivity* ; Skin ; Urticaria