OBJECTIVETo explore the best pretreatment condition of inorganic salting on volatile oil-bearing water body of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix before membrane separation.

METHODThe simulative system of volatile oil-bearing water body of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix was pre-treated before membrane separation by salting. The best conditions of salting were determined by selecting types and amounts of inorganic salt as investigate factors and comparing membrane flux and oil retention rate.

RESULTThe best pretreatment condition of inorganic salting on volatile oil-bearing water body of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix before membrane separation was to add 2% sodium chloride (NaCl) according to the amount of oil-bearing water body. Gas chromatographic fingerprint showed that inorganic salting did not affect the active ingredient of volatile oil.

CONCLUSIONAdding NaCl to volatile oil-bearing water body of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix before membrane separation can optimize membrane processes by improving membrane flux.

Apiaceae ; chemistry ; Oils, Volatile ; isolation & purification ; Sodium Chloride ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo separate essential oil of Caryophyllix flos from oil-in-water emulsion, and to enrich the essential oil by microfiltration (MF).

METHODUsing membrane flux and removal rate of COD as the indicatrixes, the membrane material as well as the operating conditions containing pressure, surface speed, temperature were optimized.

RESULTThe results showed that QWLM membrane of hydrophilic is the proper membrane, and the best operating conditions was at 0.06 MPa, 60 degrees C, and 150 r min(-1) stir speed.

CONCLUSIONIt can be concluded that MF is a reasonable way to enrich essential oil of C. flox.

Emulsions ; chemistry ; Filtration ; instrumentation ; methods ; Membranes, Artificial ; Oils, Volatile ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Oils ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Syzygium ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo provide the foundation for reasonable utilization by analysing the essential oils of Flos chrysanthemi Indici in different areas.

METHODThe essential oils were extracted by using steam distillation and separated with GC capillary columns. The components were quantitatively determined with normalization method, and were identified with GC-MS.

RESULTS18, 17 and 20 compounds of essential oils from Guangxi, Guangdong and Hubei were identified.

CONCLUSIONThere are significant differences among the components and contents of essential oils of Flos chrysanthemi Indici from Guangxi, Guangdong and Hubei.

Chrysanthemum ; chemistry ; Climate ; Ecology ; Flowers ; chemistry ; Oils, Volatile ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Seasons

OBJECTIVETo analyse chemical constituents of volatile oil from Dendranthema indicum var. aromaticum var. nov. by GC-MS.

METHODThe volatile oil was extracted from Dendranthema indicum var. aromaticum var. nov. through steam distillation and was analysed with different kinds of capillary columns to find out the optimal conditions. The content of compositions of volatile oil was determined with normalization method, and the constituents were identified by GC-MS.

RESULT44 Components were separated and identified, which accounted for over 43% of total volatile oil.

CONCLUSIONThe main constituents in the essential oils from Dendranthema indicum var. aromaticum var. nov. are Verberol, (-)zingiberene, beta-sesquiphellandrene, farnesene, transchrysanthenyl acetate, and caryophyllene.

Asteraceae ; chemistry ; Flowers ; chemistry ; Oils, Volatile ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Sesquiterpenes ; analysis ; Terpenes ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo research the preparation technology and dissolution of Blumea volatile oil suppository.

METHODIn order to establish the content determination and methodology inspection method of Blumea volatile oil plug, the extraction process of Blumea volatile oil was optimized by using orthogonal test. Optimization on the investigation to the suppository matrix by melting time, appearance and dissolution was carried on. The best prescription craft was determined by determining the best molding temperature, dosage of the matrix and complementary makings. The determination method of dissolution was established by investigating different dissolution method and its impact on the preparation of dissolution.

RESULTThe best conditions of steam distillation extracted Blumea volatile oil was as followed, the ratio of gardenia to liquor 1:6, 2.5% drug amount of sodium, 8 hours of extracting time. The optimum temperature for mold was 60-65 degrees C. Preparation technique of Blumea volatile oil suppository was stable, which after 45 minutes and 3 h in pH 4.5 PBS released at least 70% and 90%.

CONCLUSIONBlumea volatile oil suppository with rational prescription, simple preparation and good stability.

Asteraceae ; chemistry ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Distillation ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Oils, Volatile ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Oils ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Solubility ; Temperature

OBJECTIVETo provide the foundation for reasonable utilization by analysing the essential oils from Serissa serissoides in different seasons.

METHODEssential oils were obtained by steam distillation. The chemical components were separated and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The relative content of each component was determined by area normalization.

RESULTForty-three peaks were identified from autumn material, representing 78.91% of the total oil. Main constituents of the essential oil from the autumn material were found to be 1b,5,5,6a-tetramethyl-octahydro-1-oxa-cyclopropa [a] inden-6-one (7.32%); methyl linolenate (4.14%); cubenol (5.97%); 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol (10.87%); delta-9(10)-tetrahydrocostunolide-1-keto (35.51%). Seventy-two peaks were identified from spring material, representing 79.88% of the total oil. Main constituents of the essential oil from the spring material were found to be caryophyllene (3.315%); ethylbenzene (3.523%); 3-hexen-1-ol (4.537%); 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol (6.513%); 5-propionyl-2-chlorobenzeneacetic acid, methyl ester (8.541%), germacrene D (12.311%).

CONCLUSIONThe same compounds in both materials are as follows: 2,2-dimethyl-6-methylene-cyclohexanepropanol; 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol; 3,7-dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ol; cubenol; docosane and eicosane. It seems that they are the diagnostic components in these medicinal materials. Essential substances are different in quantity and quality in different seasons.

Alkanes ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Oils, Volatile ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rubiaceae ; chemistry ; Seasons ; Terpenes ; analysis ; isolation & purification

Analysis of common volatile constituents in herbal pair (HP) Chuanxiong Rhizome (CXR)-Notoperygium root (NR) and its single herb was performed by the method of alternative moving window factor analysis (AMWFA). In total, 65, 71, and 79 volatile chemical components in volatile oil of CXR, NR, and HP CXR-NR were separately determined qualitatively and quantitatively, accounting for 83.69%, 96.04% and 95.39% total contents of volatile oil of CXR, NR, and HP CXR-NR respectively. Analysis by the method of AMWFA indicates that there are 45 common volatile constituents in HP CXR-NR and single herb CXR, and 63 common volatile constituents in HP CXR-NR and single herb NR and 31 common volatile constituents among these three systems. The experimental results also show that the number of volatile chemical components in HP CXR-NR is almost equal to the sum of the number in the two single herbs, and volatile chemical components in HP CXR-NR are mainly from single herb NR.
Asteraceae ; chemistry ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Ligusticum ; chemistry ; Oils, Volatile ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Oils ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rhizome ; chemistry

To reveal the extraction regularity of volatile oil from galangal by GC-MS analysis. The volatile oil in galangal was extracted by steam distillation. The extract was collected every 30 min, the oil part and the water part were separated. GC-MS was used to analyze the extraction liquid collected at different time periods. A total of 140 volatile components were obtained by GC-MS analysis. Among them, the main components were eucalyptus oil alcohol, alpha-pine oil alcohol and 4-terpene alcohol; 22 special components were dissolved in water, 77 special components were dissolved in oil and 41 components were dissolved in both oil and water. With the increase of specific components in water, the content of Eucalyptus in water increased in a linear manner. The increase of eucalyptus oil further promoted the dissolution or dispersion of alpha PN in water, and the change of specific components in oil was positively correlated with the content of Eucalyptus and alpha-terpilenol in oil. The results of principal component analysis show that the physical and chemical properties of the compounds were important factors affecting the distribution of components. PC1 (molecular weight, melting point, boiling point positive correlation), PC2 (negative correlation of refractive index) and PC3 (positive correlation of water solubility) were the main components that lead to the differences in composition distribution. The process of extracting volatile oil from galangal through steam distillation was affected by the physical and chemical properties of volatile components. Some components were specifically distributed in the fragrance and volatile oil system. The endemic components of aromatic water increased the content of the main components in the water system, which may lead to the "emulsification", reduction of the yield and low quality of the volatile oil.
Distillation ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Kinetics ; Oils, Volatile ; isolation & purification ; Plant Oils ; isolation & purification ; Steam ; Zingiberaceae ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical components of the essential oil of the Semen Sinapis with the different processing methods.

METHODThe essential oils of the crude Semen Sinapis and the roasted Semen Sinapis were extracted by steam distillation. The chemical components were analyzed by means of GC-MS-DS. The relative content of each component was calculated by area normalization.

RESULTThe main chemical components of the essential oil of the crude Semen Sinapis and the roasted Semen Sinapis were similar. The main chemical components were allyl isothiocyanate and 4-isothio-cyanato-1-butene. The chemical components of the essential oil of the crude Semen Sinapis were more than that of the roasted Semen Sinapis.

CONCLUSIONThe effect of different processing methods on the chemical components of the essential oil of Semen Sinapis was significant. Certain chemical components such as isothiocyanato-containing substances, were found in the crude Semen Sinapis.

Hot Temperature ; Isothiocyanates ; analysis ; Oils, Volatile ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Oils ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Seeds ; chemistry ; Sinapis ; chemistry ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods

OBJECTIVETo establish an advanced purification techniques of the essential oils obtained from Pogostemon cablin.

METHODMolecular distillation (MD) was applied.

RESULTFour distillates were obtained, chemical constituents of which were analyzed with GC-MS. Compared with those in original oils, the contents of active compounds (patchouli alcohol and pogostone) rose by 27%-47% in the distillates II and III.

CONCLUSIONMolecular distillation (MD) effectively raises the contents of patchouli alcohol and pogostone. The work is of great economic and scientific significance for the industrialization of P. cablin and the discovery of new drugs.

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Lamiaceae ; chemistry ; Oils, Volatile ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Sesquiterpenes ; isolation & purification ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods