OBJECTIVES: We compared the clinical presentations of manic and depressive episodes and the treatment response among children and adolescents with bipolar disorder (BD) types I and II and BD not otherwise specified (NOS). METHODS: The sample consisted of 66 patients, aged between 6 and 18 years, who were admitted for BD to a 20-bed child and adolescent psychiatric ward in a university hospital located in Seoul, Korea. RESULTS: Patients with BD type I were more likely to have lower intelligence quotients and exhibit violent behaviors during manic episodes than patients with BD type II or BD NOS and to show better treatment responses during manic episodes than patients with BD NOS. Patients with BD NOS were more likely to have an irritable mood rather than a euphoric mood during the manic phase than patients with BD type I or II and to exhibit violent behaviors during the depressive phase and chronic course than patients with BD type II. CONCLUSION: Pediatric BD patients are heterogeneous with respect to their clinical characteristics. Implications for the usefulness of the current diagnostic subtype categories should be investigated in future studies.
Adolescent ; Bipolar Disorder* ; Child ; Humans ; Inpatients* ; Intelligence ; Irritable Mood ; Korea ; Seoul

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted in order to describe prescribing practices in treatment of pediatric bipolar disorder in a Korean inpatient sample. METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of 66 youths who had been hospitalized and diagnosed with bipolar disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition criteria. Demographics, clinical characteristics, medications used, doses, and related adverse events were examined. RESULTS: Mood stabilizers and/or atypical antipsychotic medications were the primary treatment. Risperidone, valproate, and lithium were the most commonly used. Thirty seven patients (58.1%) were treated with combination therapy of an atypical antipsychotic and mood stabilizer for improvement of manic/mixed symptoms. CONCLUSION: Combination pharmacotherapy was necessary for most patients in this admission sample group. Conduct of further studies will be needed for evaluation of treatment response according to the clinical characteristics, and the safety and efficacy of treatment for child and adolescent bipolar disorder.
Adolescent ; Bipolar Disorder* ; Child ; Demography ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Inpatients* ; Lithium ; Retrospective Studies ; Risperidone ; Valproic Acid