Clinical observations were made on 338 low birth weight infants, who were delivered at Pusan Wallace Memorial Baptist Hospital, during the 3 year periods from 1989 to 1991. The results were as follows; The incidence of LBWI was 5.6% and sex ratio was 1:1.09. Among them AGA was 62.7%. 2) Of all infants, 47.3% were in the birth weight range of 2251-2500 gm and 25.1% were in the gestational age group of 37-38 week. 3) LBWI were most prevalent among mothers under 20 years old and over 41 years old. 4) The Incidence of LBWI was higher in multiparity than primiparity and in multiple pregnancy than single pregnancy. 5) Vaginal delivery was 63.9% and c-section delivery was 36.1%. 6) The order or frequency of the etiology of LBWI was multiple pregnancy, premature rupture of membrane and toxemia. 7) The mortality rate of LBWI was 12.7% and mortality rate by weight-gestational age was lower in AGA group than SGA and LGA group. 8) A Higher mortality rate was noted in the group of lower birth weight infant, and in the group of more shortened gestational age. 9) 48.8% of death occured within ist day of birth. The common causes of death were respiratory distress syndrome, asphyxia, and apnea.
Adult ; Apnea ; Asphyxia ; Birth Weight ; Busan ; Cause of Death ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant* ; Infant, Low Birth Weight* ; Infant, Newborn ; Membranes ; Mortality ; Mothers ; Parity ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Multiple ; Protestantism ; Rupture ; Sex Ratio ; Toxemia ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations* ; Risk Factors*

Sixty premolars extracted for orthodontic treatment were divided into four groups, and the residual resin was removed with four different rotary finishing instruments at a fixed speed of 18,500+/-300rpm on the low speed handpiece. The instruments were G1; 169L carbide fissure bur, G2; No.2 round bur, G3; No.4 round bur, G4; No.8 round bur. Then, the enamel received a 5-second polishing with a rubber cup and a pumice. To find the extent of loss on the enamel at this point, prophylaxis was done with the rubber cup and a pumice prior to bonding of the bracket(P1) and removal of residual resin by means of appropriate procedure applicable to each resprctive group(P2) followed. The final polishing was done with the rubber cup and pumice(P3), and the enamel surface roughness was measured each by the surface measuring instrument. The whole process was obesrved under a scanning electron microscope to gain the following results : At P2, the enamel surface roughness in G1 showed most smoothly with 2.60+/-0.55microgram; in G2, 3.24+/-0.80microgram; in G3, 3.44+/-0.94microgram; in G4, 3.89+/-0.54microgram, the rougjest. G2 and G3 showed no statistical significance(P>0.05). At P3, the enamel surface roughness in G1 showed most smoothly with 2.29+/-0.47microgram, in G2, 2.44+/-0.56microgram, in G3, 2.44+/-0.58microgram, in G4, 2.92+/-0.43microgram, the roughwst. G1 vs G2, G3, and G2 vs G3 had no statistical significances(P>0.05). In all groups, P2 and P3 showed rougher in surface roughness than P1, and P2 rougher than P3(P<0.01). In a case of 5-second prophylaxis with the rubber cup and the pumice on a virgin, normal enamel. fine scratches were found under the scanning electron microscope. In all four groups, unremovable gouges remained even agter polishing with the rubber and pumice; residual resin was not observed with naked eye when finished with the rubber and pumice, but the resin debris was observed under the scanning electron microscope.
Bicuspid ; Dental Enamel* ; Rubber

A clinical analysis was done on 129 patients (131 cases) of the ankle fractures that were admitted and treated in Orthopedic Department, Inchon Christian Hospital from January 1973 to December 1980. The following results were obtained: l. Of the 129 patients, male was 104 patients and female 25 patients, the average age of the patients was 37. 2. The main cause of the injuries was traffic accident (38.2%), and the remain causes were industrial accident (28.2%), fall down (18.3%), slip down (11.5%), and sports injury (3.8%) in order. 3. The most common type by Lauge-Hansen classification was supination-external rotation type (37.4%). 4. In method of treatment, operative treatment was done in 72 cases and nonoperative in 59 cases. 5 The average duration of the cast immobilization in nonoperative treatment was 8 weeks and operative 7 weeks. 6. The better result was obtained by operative treatment than nonoperative one. 7. The most poor result was noticed in pronation-external rotation type according to Lauge-Hansen classification. 8. We agree that the accurate reduction of the lateral malleolus make the talus in good anatomic position in ankle joint. 9. We agree that Lauge-Hansen classification is useful in diagnosis and treatment of ankle fracture.
Accidents, Occupational ; Accidents, Traffic ; Ankle Fractures ; Ankle Joint ; Ankle ; Athletic Injuries ; Classification ; Clinical Study ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Incheon ; Male ; Methods ; Orthopedics ; Talus

This study was intended to investigate the pre-and postoperative profile of seizures in the patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformatins(AVM's), and to evaluate various preoperative factors to predict the postoperative occurrence of seizures. The patients consisted of 46 consecutive cases with supratentorial AVM's operated on from May 1987 to May 1993. Their mean follow-up duration was 40 months. The pre- and postoperative seizure profiles were similar to each other. The overall incidence of patients experiencing seizure were 50% preoperatively and 52% postoperatively, and the incidence of intractable seizure was 15%, which was the same in both the pre-and postoperatively period. The presence of preoperative seizure and large size of AVM were significant indicators of high incidence of postoperative seizures(P<0.05), while other factors such as preoperative intracerebral hemorrhage or embolization showed no significant influence on the occurrence of postoperative seizures. About 70% of the patients with preoperative seizures also had postoperative seizures, while those without preoperative seizures developed new ones only in 35% of the cases postoperatively. The mean size of the AVM's in the group, with postoperative seizures was larger than that of the group without postoperative seizures(4.56 vs. 3.02 cm). Regarding postoperative intractable seizures, 57% of the group with preoperative intractable seizures remained intractable postoperatively and groups with preoperatively controlled and groups without seizures demonstrated postoperative intractablity only in 13% and 4% respectively. In conclusion, surgery of AVM's did not change the overall incidence of seizures, both controlled and intractable, and patients with preoperative and large sized AVM's and significantly higher possibility of postoperative seizures. Patients with preoperative intractable seizures resulted in control of seizures in 43% after removal of AVM, while 57% remained intractable. Extirpation of epileptic focl, after localization with preoperative study, seems to be needed to improve the outcome of the postoperative seizures.
Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations* ; Seizures*

No abstract available.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast*

Vertebrobasilar insufficiency can be caused by proximal vertebral artery (VA) occlusion. Performing endovascular recanalization for treating VA occlusion has high procedural risks, including vessel perforation. In contrast, surgical revascularization of the distal extracranial VA had been used for many decades to treat proximal VA occlusion or stenosis, and its safety and satisfactory long-term outcome are well established. We report here on a case of successful surgical revascularization by performing occipital artery to distal extracranial VA bypass for bilateral proximal VA occlusion and we discuss its potential role for the treatment of medical refractory recurrent ischemia in the vertebrobasilar territory
Arteries ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Glycosaminoglycans ; Ischemia ; Vertebral Artery ; Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency

OBJECTIVE: Cranial nerve dysfunction is common after endovascular treatment of a cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula and sometimes this symptom persists. We reviewed the treatment outcomes of the patients with cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula and who were treated with endovascular technique, and we analyzed the characteristics of those patients who had cranial nerve palsy after treatment. METHODS: Between May 2003 and July 2010, 25 patients were treated by an endovascular technique at our institution. Their medical records were reviewed and we analyzed their data, including the clinical presentation, the neurological deficits, the radiographic features and the treatment outcomes. RESULTS: In our series, a total of 25 patients (28 cases) received endovascular treatment. There were four male patients and twenty one female patients with an age range of 26-78 years (mean age : 57.4 years). Complete occlusion was observed in nineteen cases (67.9%) and 5 cases (17.9%) showed near complete occlusion. Additional procedures were required for four cases with fistulas that were partially occluded by previous treatment. Twenty four patients (96%) showed improved symptoms during the follow up and only one patient suffered from persistent symptoms. Procedure-related complications were observed in 2 cases. New cranial nerve palsy was observed in four patients (16%) and two patients experienced aggravation of their existing cranial nerve palsy. One of them had persistent deficits at the final follow up. CONCLUSION: Sufficient occlusion and avoidance of over-compaction of coils are important to prevent cranial nerve palsy when performing endovascular treatment of cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas.
Cavernous Sinus ; Caves ; Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations ; Cranial Nerve Diseases ; Cranial Nerves ; Endovascular Procedures ; Female ; Fistula ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Medical Records ; Retrospective Studies

Background/Aims: Hypertension is considered a risk factor in immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). However, after IgAN diagnosis, the relationship between early blood pressure control and renal prognosis remains unclear. This study aimed to analyze the association between the prognosis of IgAN patients and a controlled status of hypertension within the first year of IgAN diagnosis. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 2,945 patients diagnosed with IgAN by renal biopsy. The patients were divided into ‘normal,’ ‘new-onset,’ ‘well-controlled,’ and ‘poorly-controlled’ groups using blood pressure data from two consecutive measurements performed within a year. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional-hazards regression model were used to survey the independent association between recovery from hypertension and the risk of IgAN progression. The primary endpoint was IgAN progression defined as the initiation of dialysis or kidney transplantation. Results: Before IgAN diagnosis, 1,239 patients (42.1%) had been diagnosed with hypertension. In the fully adjusted Cox proportional-hazards models, the risk of IgAN progression increased by approximately 1.7-fold for the prevalence of hypertension. In the subgroup analyses, the ‘well-controlled’ group showed a statistically significant risk of IgAN progression (hazard ratio [HR], 3.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.103 to 9.245; p = 0.032). Moreover, the ‘new-onset’ and ‘poorly-controlled’ groups had an increased risk of IgAN progression compared to the ‘normal’ group (HR, 2.58; 95% CI, 1.016 to 6.545; p = 0.046 and HR, 3.85;95% CI, 1.541 to 9.603; p = 0.004, respectively). Conclusions Although hypertension was well-controlled in the first year after IgAN diagnosis, it remained a risk factor for IgAN progression.

This experimental study was designed to develop an electromyography(EMG) machine and a program to be used during the selective dorsal rhizotomy, and to investigate the patterns of EMG waves generated by stimulation of the normal spinal nerve roots in cat. The developed machine, consisting of nerve stimulator, EMG amplifier, analogue-digital converter and computer program, functioned well during experiment without any mechanical or electrical problems. We were able to record pure H-wave(Hoffmann wave) in EMG by stimulating posterior root in most cases, although components of motor and directly conducted waves were observed only in few cases. The peak latency of H-wave, which was about half of that of the motor wave by the mean value, was consistent as a whole. H2/H1 ratio (the ratio of the second and the first H-wave), peak amplitude and the pattern of changes of the peak amplitudes with continuous sitmulation, however, varied greatly from case to case. In conclusion, the results of this experiment suggest that EMG wave patterns, generated by the stimulation of the posterior nerve roots, may not be appropriate for the determination of the nerve roots to be cut during the selective dorsal rhizotomy.
Animals ; Cats ; Reflex* ; Rhizotomy* ; Spinal Nerve Roots* ; Spinal Nerves*