1.Electron Microscopic Features of Epiretinal Membrane in Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment.
Won Suck RHO ; Shin Un KANG ; Oh Woong KWON
Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 1988;29(4):703-710
Epiretinal membrane formation and membrane contraction are major complications in a variety of ocular conditions, including retinal detachment and penetrating ocular injuries. The epiretinal membrane was derived from pigment epithelial cell and glial cell. In rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, the retinal pigment epithelium was capable of proliferating through retinal tear into the vitreous contributing to preretinal membranes. In this study, we report the ultrastructural features of epiretinal membrane in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment removed during vitreous surgery from 4 patients.
Epiretinal Membrane*
;
Epithelial Cells
;
Humans
;
Membranes
;
Neuroglia
;
Retinal Detachment*
;
Retinal Perforations
;
Retinal Pigment Epithelium
;
Retinaldehyde*
2.Risk Factors of Various Cerebrovascular Diseases and Sonographic Findings of Carotid Artery in Cerebral Infarction.
Chee Jeong KIM ; Kwangje LEE ; Jeong Taik KWON ; Wang Seong RYU ; Oh Sang KWON ; Byung Kook MIN ; Jong Bum LEE ; Jong Sik SUK ; Un Ho RYOO
Korean Circulation Journal 1998;28(4):560-567
BACKGROUND: In Korea, cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is the most significant cause of death among older people, and the incidence of cerebral hemorrhage is much higher than that of developed countries. There have been many investigations about the risk factors for CVA in both Korea as well as developed countries. A few papers reported various risk factors for cerebral hemorrhage in developed countries:however, well-designed studies of risk factors for the various causes of CVA were rare in Korea. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the risk factors for the various causes of CVA and to evaluate the risk factors compared with age- and sex-matched control groups. In addition, duplex sonographic findings of the carotid artery were evaluated in patients with cerebral infarction. METHODS: One hundred and sixty-four patients admitted to the hospital in 1996 were enrolled. The four groups were divided based on the following states: cerebral infarction (n-63), cerebral hemorrhage (n-64), cerebral infarction with atrial fibrillation (n-19), and lacunar infarction (n-18). Major risk factors were compared with age- and sex-matched control groups and among CVA groups. Duplex sonography of the carotid artery was done in 14 patients with cerebral infarction. RESULTS: In multiple logistic regression analysis, patients with cerebral infarction had higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus and lower high density lipoprotein-cholesterol level than the control group, and hypertension showed borderline significance. Patients with cerebral hemorrhage had higher prevalence of hypertension, higher high density lipoprotein-cholesterol level, and more frequent prevalence of smoking compared with the control group. Patients with cerebral infarction showed lower high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, higher low density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels, more frequent diabetes mellitus, lower prevalence of hypertension and older age than patients with cerebral hemorrhage. Patients with cerebral infarction and atrial fibrillation showed only older age than patients with cerebral infarction only. There were no differences in risk factors between patients with cerebral infarction and lacuna infarction. Atheromatous plaque was found in 71% of patients with cerebral infarction. CONCLUSION: Metabolic abnormalities played more important role in the development of cerebral infarction and hemodynamic abnormalities in cerebral infarction. Sonographic examination of the carotid artery may be useful for predicting the occurrence of cerebrovascular accident in high risk patients.
Atrial Fibrillation
;
Carotid Arteries*
;
Cause of Death
;
Cerebral Hemorrhage
;
Cerebral Infarction*
;
Developed Countries
;
Diabetes Mellitus
;
Hemodynamics
;
Humans
;
Hypertension
;
Incidence
;
Infarction
;
Korea
;
Logistic Models
;
Prevalence
;
Risk Factors*
;
Smoke
;
Smoking
;
Stroke
;
Stroke, Lacunar
;
Ultrasonography*
3.Clinical Experience of Side to Side Caval Anastomosis during Orthotopic Liver Transplantation without Inferior Vena Caval Occlusion.
Jung Un KIM ; Hee Jung WANG ; Won Hung LEE ; Jung HONG ; Kuk Jong LEE ; Chang Kwon OH ; Myung Wook KIM
Korean Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery 2001;5(2):9-14
BACKGROUND/AIMS: The retrocaval dissection, with venous collaterals, is sometimes difficult, making subsequent hemostasis less easy during orthotopic liver transplantation(OLT). We have recently applied a modified technique of vena caval preservation during OLT, and undertook this study to evaluate retrospectively its effects. METHODS: Five patients with liver cirrhosis underwent a modified OLT from March 1999 through July 2001. The procedure includes a side to side anastomosis between the IVC of the donor and the recipient without vena cava occlusion during OLT. RESULTS: This technique pemitted the avoidance of vena caval occlusion in all cases. We could performed OLT without venovenous bypass in 3 patients who tolerated the temporary portal clamping test before the recipient hepatectomy. As retrocaval dissection was not performed, hemostasis was esier during anhepatic phase. We could reduce anhepatic phase into average 60 minutes from only one caval anastomosis during OLT. CONCLUSIONS: We think this alternative technique, requiring only one caval anastomosis, can reduce the duration of the anhepatic phase and the need for venous bypass.
Constriction
;
Hemostasis
;
Hepatectomy
;
Humans
;
Liver Cirrhosis
;
Liver Transplantation*
;
Liver*
;
Retrospective Studies
;
Tissue Donors
4.A Case of Superior Mesenteric Venous Thrombosis Due to Protein C Deficiency in a Patient with Duodenal Ulcer Bleeding.
Jae Gon WOO ; Ji Eun LEE ; Oh Un KWON ; Kyoung Won JUNG ; Chang Wook JUNG ; Dae Hyeon CHO ; Kil Jong YU ; Sang Goon SHIM
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology 2011;57(1):34-37
Mesenteric venous thrombosis is a clinically very rare disease, and may cause bowel infarction and gangrene. Difficulty in the dignosis the disease due to its non-specific symptoms and low prevalence can cause a clinically fatal situation. Mesenteric venous thrombosis may be caused by both congenital and acquired factors, and protein C deficiency, which is a very rare genetic disorder, is one of many causes of mesenteric thrombosis. The authors experienced a case of mesenteric venous thrombosis caused by protein C deficiency in a patient with duodenal ulcer bleeding, so here we report a case together with literature review.
Duodenal Ulcer/*complications/diagnosis
;
Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal
;
Humans
;
Male
;
*Mesenteric Veins
;
Middle Aged
;
Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage/*complications
;
Protein C Deficiency/*complications/diagnosis
;
Tomography, X-Ray Computed
;
Venous Thrombosis/*diagnosis/etiology/ultrasonography
5.Changes in Plasma Prolaction and Growth Hormone Level and Visual Problem after radiation Therapy(RT) of Pituitary Adenoma.
Sei Chul YOON ; Hyung Chul KWON ; Yoon Kyeong OH ; Yong Whee BAHK ; Ho Yong SON ; Joon Ki KANG ; Jin Un SONG
Journal of the Korean Society for Therapeutic Radiology 1985;3(1):19-28
Twenty-our cases of pituitary adenoma, 13 males and 11 females with the age ranging from 11 to 65 years, received radiation therapy(RT) on the pituitary area with 6MV linear accelerator during past 25 months at the Division of Radiation Therapy, Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Medical College. Of 24 case of RT, 20 were postoperative and 4 primary. To evaluate the effect of RT, we analyzed the alteration of the endocrinologic tests, neurologic abnormalities, major clinical symptoms, endocrinologic changes and improvement in visual problems after RT. The results were as follows ; 1. Major clinical symptoms were headache, visual defects, diabetes insipidus, hypogonadisms and general weakness in decreasing order of frequency. 2. All but the one with Nelson's syndrome showed abnormal neuroradiologic changes in the sella turcica with an invasive tumor mass around supra and para-ellar area. 3. Endocrinological classifications of the patient were 11 prolactinoma, 4 growth hormonesecreting tumors, 3 ACTH-ecreting tumors consisting of one Cushing's disease and two Nelson's syndrome, and 6 nonfunctioning tumors. 4. Eleven of 14 patients, visual problems were improved after treatment but remaining 3 were unchanged. 5. Seven of 11 prolactinomas returned to normal hormonal level after postoperative and primary RT and 3 patients are being treated with bromocriptine (BMCP) but on lost case. 6. Two of 4 growth hormone-ecreting tumor returned to normal level after RT but the remaining 2 are being treated with BMCP, as well.
Bromocriptine
;
Classification
;
Diabetes Insipidus
;
Female
;
Growth Hormone*
;
Headache
;
Humans
;
Male
;
Particle Accelerators
;
Pituitary Neoplasms*
;
Plasma*
;
Prolactinoma
;
Sella Turcica
6.V2 receptor-mediated regulation of aquaporin-2 by oxytocin in the kidney.
Un Sil JEON ; Ki Young NA ; Yoon Kyu OH ; Jin Suk HAN ; Jung Sang LEE ; Kwon Wook JOO ; Jin KIM ; Gheun Ho KIM
Korean Journal of Medicine 2002;62(3):268-277
BACKGROUND: Oxytocin is a nonapeptide hormone secreted from posterior pituitary gland and has a very similar structure to vasopressin. The aquaporin-2 (AQP2) water channel is predominantly expressed in the kidney and plays a key role in regulation of water permeability of mammalian collecting duct, exerted by both short-term and long-term vasopressin action. We speculated that oxytocin may be involved in some part of vasopressin-independent urinary concentrating mechanism by regulating AQP2 trafficking in the kidney. METHODS: This study was undertaken to investigate whether and how the acute stimulation of oxytocin induces changes in AQP2 localization in the kidney. Immunohistochemistry and semiquantitative immunoblotting of AQP2 were carried out from Sprague-Dawley rat kidneys after a single intraperitoneal injection of oxytocin with or without pretreatment of a vasopressin-2 receptor (V2R) antagonist. RESULTS: Urinary cAMP excretion was increased by oxytocin administration. Immuno- histochemistry of inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) revealed that AQP2 was shifted from diffuse cytoplasmic localization in controls to the apical and basolateral membrane domains in oxytocin-treated rats. This pattern of AQP2 redistribution was noted in connecting tubule, cortical collecting duct and outer medullary collecting duct as in IMCD, although the tendency to basolateral localization was somewhat less. Semiquantitative immunoblotting of membrane fractions of whole kidney homogenates was also used to assess redistribution of AQP2. The band density ratio of the plasma membrane-rich fraction over cytoplasmic vesicle-rich fraction was higher in oxytocin-treated rats than in controls (3.64+/-0.60 vs. 1.09+/-0.14, P<0.05). Regarding the receptor pathway of oxytocin action in the kidney, we found that pretreatment with a V2R antagonist (OPC-31260) blocked redistribution of AQP2 which was induced by oxytocin. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, oxytocin induces a V2R-mediated redistribution of AQP2-containing cytoplasmic vesicles to both apical and basolateral plasma membrane domains in rat kidney. Oxytocin may be one of the factors that accounts for vasopressin-independent AQP2 targeting in the kidney.
Animals
;
Aquaporin 2*
;
Aquaporins
;
Cell Membrane
;
Cytoplasm
;
Cytoplasmic Vesicles
;
Immunoblotting
;
Immunohistochemistry
;
Injections, Intraperitoneal
;
Kidney*
;
Membranes
;
Oxytocin*
;
Permeability
;
Pituitary Gland, Posterior
;
Plasma
;
Rats
;
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
;
Vasopressins
;
Water
7.Mesenchymanl Stem Cell Based Intradiscal Gene Therapy: Therapeutic Implication in Degenerative Disc Disease.
Hyang KIM ; Un Hye KWON ; Kwang Il LEE ; Ki Hong SONG ; Sung Yeop SHIN ; Si Young PARK ; Jin Oh PARK ; Hwan Mo LEE ; Seong Hwan MOON
Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery 2004;11(2):67-76
STUDY DESIGN: In-vitro experiments using human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), intervertebral disc (IVD) cells and type 5 adenovirus/transforming growth factor-beta1 construct (Ad/TGF-beta1). OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of MSC-based gene therapy for matrix regeneration of IVD cells. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: MSCs are known to be multipotent in tissue regeneration. In degeneration of IVD, cellular replacement with genetic modification other than that of IVD cells may prove an enhanced mechanism for the regeneration of MATERIALS AND METHODS: MSCs and IVD cells were cultured and an adenovirus construct containing TGF-beta1 cDNA (Ad/TGF-beta1) was also produced. In the first step, the MSCs were transduced with Ad/TGF-beta1, then mixed with IVD cells in various proportions and three dimensionally cultured. [methyl-(3)H]Thymidine and [(35)S]Sulfur incorporation for DNA and proteoglycan synthesis, respectively, were measured. RT-PCR was performed to assess the aggrecan and collagen types I and II mRNA RESULTS: Mixed cultures of MSC and IVD cells showed relatively similar amounts of newly synthesized proteoglycan compared with cultures of IVD cells only. In mixed cultures transduced with Ad/TGF-beta1, there were significant decreases in newly synthesized proteoglycan with increasing the proportions of MSCs, which was also found with the aggrecan and collagen type II mRNA expressions. However, the collagen type I mRNA expression increased with increased proportions of MSCs transduced with Ad/TGF-beta1. CONCLUSION: Cell therapy with MSCs and IVD cells provided a mechanism for cellular augmentation. However, MSC-based gene therapy coupled with IVD cells did not maintain a chondrogenic phenotype.
Adenoviridae
;
Aggrecans
;
Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy
;
Collagen
;
Collagen Type I
;
Collagen Type II
;
DNA
;
DNA, Complementary
;
Genetic Therapy*
;
Humans
;
Intervertebral Disc
;
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
;
Phenotype
;
Proteoglycans
;
Regeneration
;
RNA, Messenger
;
Stem Cells*
;
Transforming Growth Factor beta1
8.Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Stimulates Cellular Proliferation in Human Intervertebral Disc Cells.
Hwan Mo LEE ; Un Hye KWON ; Hyang KIM ; Ho Joong KIM ; Boram KIM ; Jin Oh PARK ; Eun Soo MOON ; Seong Hwan MOON
Yonsei Medical Journal 2010;51(6):954-959
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanism of cellular proliferation of electromagnetic field (EMF) on human intervertebral disc (IVD) cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Human IVD cells were cultured three-dimensionally in alginate beads. EMF was exposed to IVD cells with 650Omega, 1.8 millitesla magnetic flux density, 60 Hz sinusoidal wave. Cultures were divided into a control and EMF group. Cytotoxicity, DNA synthesis and proteoglycan synthesis were measured by MTT assay, [3H]-thymidine, and [35S]-sulfate incorporation. To detect phenotypical expression, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR) were performed for aggrecan, collagen type I, and type II mRNA expression. To assess action mechanism of EMF, IVD cells were exposed to EMF with NG-Monomethyl-L-arginine (NMMA) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). RESULTS: There was no cytotoxicity in IVD cells with the EMF group in MTT assay. Cellular proliferation was observed in the EMF group (p < 0.05). There was no difference in newly synthesized proteoglycan normalized by DNA synthesis between the EMF group and the control. Cultures with EMF showed no significant change in the expression of aggrecan, type I, and type II collagen mRNA compared to the control group. Cultures with NMMA (blocker of nitric oxide) or ASA (blocker of prostaglandin E2) exposed to EMF demonstrated decreased DNA synthesis compared to control cultures without NMMA or ASA (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: EMF stimulated DNA synthesis in human IVD cells while no significant effect on proteoglycan synthesis and chondrogenic phenotype expressions. DNA synthesis was partially mediated by nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2. EMF can be utilized to stimulate proliferation of IVD cells, which may provide efficient cell amplification in cell therapy to degenerative disc disease.
Adult
;
Aspirin/pharmacology
;
Cell Proliferation/*radiation effects
;
Collagen/metabolism
;
Dinoprostone/metabolism
;
*Electromagnetic Fields
;
Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
;
Female
;
Humans
;
Intervertebral Disk/*pathology/radiation effects
;
Male
;
Middle Aged
;
Nitric Oxide/metabolism
;
Tetrazolium Salts/pharmacology
;
Thiazoles/pharmacology
;
omega-N-Methylarginine/pharmacology
9.Antidiuretic Action of Oxytocin in Normal Men.
Kwon Wook JOO ; Un Sil JEON ; Yoon Kyu OH ; Gheun Ho KIM ; Jin Suk HAN ; Suhng Gwon KIM ; Jund Sang LEE
Korean Journal of Nephrology 2002;21(2):251-258
BACKGROUND: The antidiuretic action of oxytocin in human has been controversial. To investigate whether oxytocin directly acts on water balance in human, we evaluated the parameters of urinary concentration in response to administration of oxytocin in ten healthy male volunteers. METHODS: Oxytocin was infused intravenously at a rate of 20 mU/hour for 2.5 hours and urine was collected during the last 2 hours of oxytocin infusion. Changes in urine volume, urine osmolality, excretions of urine electrolytes and free water clearance after the administrartion of oxytocin were compared with the baseline data. RESULTS: The changes in the levels of serum electrolytes and osmolality after the administration of oxytocin were not significant compared with the baseline data. The volume of 2 hours' urine were 446+/-75 mL and 289+/-53 mL in the basal state and after the administration of oxytocin, respectively. The urine osmolality was increased significantly by the infusion of oxytocin(427+/-63 mOsm/kg) compared with that in the basal state(223+/-25 mOsm/kg)(p < 0.05). The free water clearance was 110+/-51 mL/2 hours in the basal state and decreased significantly to -57+/-51 mL/2 hours(p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: We conclude that administration of oxytocin to normal men enhances urinary concentration, evidenced by increased urinary osmolality and decreased free water clearance. In human, oxytocin may play an important role in the regulation of renal water excretion as an antidiuretic hormone.
Electrolytes
;
Humans
;
Male
;
Osmolar Concentration
;
Oxytocin*
;
Volunteers
;
Water
10.Altered Renal Sodium Transporter Expression in an Animal Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Yun Kyu OH ; Kwon Wook JOO ; Jay Wook LEE ; Un Sil JEON ; Chun Soo LIM ; Jin Suk HAN ; Mark A KNEPPER ; Ki Young NA
Journal of Korean Medical Science 2007;22(6):1034-1041
Hemodynamic factors play an important role in the development and/or progression of diabetic nephropathy. We hypothesized that renal sodium transporter dysregulation might contribute to the hemodynamic alterations in diabetic nephropathy. Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats were used as an animal model for type 2 diabetes. Long Evans Tokushima (LETO) rats were used as controls. Renal sodium transporter regulation was investigated by semiquantitative immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry of the kidneys of 40-week-old animals. The mean serum glucose level in OLETF rats was increased to 235+/-25 mg/dL at 25 weeks, and the hyperglycemia continued up to the end of 40 weeks. Urine protein/ creatinine ratios were 10 times higher in OLETF rats than in LETO rats. At 40th week, the abundance of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) beta-subunit was increased in OLETF rats, but the abundance of the ENaC gamma-subunit was decreased. No significant differences were observed in the ENaC alpha-subunit or other major sodium transporters. Immunohistochemistry for the ENaC beta-subunit showed increased immunoreactivity in OLETF rats, whereas the ENaC gamma-subunit showed reduced immunoreactivity in these rats. In OLETF rats, ENaC beta-subunit upregulation and ENaC gamma-subunit downregulation after the development of diabetic nephropathy may reflect an abnormal sodium balance.
Animals
;
Blood Glucose/analysis
;
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*metabolism
;
*Disease Models, Animal
;
Epithelial Sodium Channel/*analysis
;
Hypertension/complications
;
Immunoblotting
;
Immunohistochemistry
;
Kidney/*metabolism
;
Male
;
Rats
;
Sodium/*metabolism
;
Sodium-Hydrogen Antiporter/genetics
;
Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters/genetics