Developmental surface ultrastructure of Macroorchis spinulosus was studied by scanning electron microscopy. One-day-old juvenile fluke was leaf-shaped and bent ventrally. Body surface was covered densely with peg-like spines and with cobblestone-like cytoplasmic processes. Ciliated sensory papillae were concentrated around oral sucker. Several unciliated sensory papillae occurred equidistantly on oral sucker and acetabulum. The ciliated papillae appeared in two longitudinal lines symmetric bilaterally on dorsal surface. On adult flukes, tegumantal spines became wider in middle of the body surface. The cytoplasmic processes differentiated into more fine velvety form. It is likely that the differentiated fine cytoplasmic processes are an increased absorptive surface to adult M. spinulosus. It is suggested that single pointed tegumental spines on anterior half of the body may be supportive for this fluke to migration.
Animals ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Trematoda/*anatomy & histology/*ultrastructure

No abstract available.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis* ; Drug Therapy* ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma* ; Remission Induction*

No abstract available.
Cognition*

No abstract available.
Lymphangioma*

No abstract available.
Pityriasis Lichenoides* ; Pityriasis*

No abstract available.
Pityriasis Lichenoides* ; Pityriasis*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe the subjective health status of joints, flexibility of joints, muscle strength and state of joint exercise in elderly people living in the community. METHOD: The participants were 74 elderly people in a health program of the Gerontological Health Research Center at G University. The data were collected from March to July, 2003. The instrument for the study included items on general characteristics (5 items), subjective health status of joints (10 items), flexibility of joints and strength of muscle (8 items), and state of joint exercise (7 items). RESULTS: The score for subjective health status of joints was 3.70 (range 1-5). Knee and waist joints were in the worst state. Neck extension and flexion were 17.38+/-1.80 and .60+/-1.08(cm) respectively. Trunk extension and flexion were 68.24+/-4.47 and 58.00+/-4.91(cm) respectively. Flexibility of the Rt./Lt. shoulder joints was 14.63+/-12.51/18.82+/-13.80(cm). Muscle strength of the Rt./Lt. leg was 30.47+/-19.68/29.67+/-21.22 (sec.). Shoulder joints were more flexible for men and people in their sixties compared to women and people in their seventies. Hand grip was stronger for men compared to women. The score for state of joint exercise was 2.83(range 1-4). The state of handgrip correlated with the state of joint exercise [r=.423 (Rt.)/r=.273(Lt.)]. CONCLUSION: To prevent falls and disorders in neuromuscular function, it is important to develop systemic joint exercise programs for elderly people.
Aged* ; Female ; Hand ; Hand Strength ; Humans ; Joints* ; Knee ; Leg ; Male ; Muscle Strength ; Neck ; Pliability ; Shoulder Joint

PURPOSE: This study was conducted from March to August, 2003 to evaluate the process and outcomes of a program to promote healthy joints in older adults residing in the community. METHOD: A quasi experimental research design (one group pretest-posttest design) was used in this study. The participants were 26 older adults (but 74 older adults also participated in a program immediately after the study program). Program had 4 sessions (8 hours) once a week. Data were collected before the program, immediately after and 4 weeks after the program was completed and were analyzed with paired t-test. RESULTS: The level of a satisfaction, interest and understanding of the program were high. Significant differences were found in the health state, the flexibility of neck and shoulder joints and joint exercise habits between the scores before the program started and 4 weeks after it finished. CONCLUSION: This results suggest that the joint health promotion program for older adults in the community developed this study is effective. So this program can be recommended as an effective nursing intervention for joint health promotion in older adults living in the community.
Adult* ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Joints* ; Neck ; Nursing ; Pliability ; Research Design ; Shoulder Joint

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to compare the postoperative analgesic effects and side effects of an intra-articular PCA infusion of bupivacaine and morphine using an intravenous PCA infusion of morphine following arthroscopic shoulder surgery. METHODS: Seventy-one patients, undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery under general anesthesia, were randomly assigned to one of two groups. In group 1 (n = 32), morphine and ondansetron, 8 and 4 mg, respectively, were intravenously injected following surgery, with the subsequent infusion of normal saline 100 ml, including morphine and ondansetron, 32 and 12 mg, respectively, through an intra-venous PCA catheter. In group 2 (n = 39), 0.25% bupivacaine, 40 ml, including an intra-articular injection of morphine, 3 mg, followed by an infusion of 0.25% bupivacaine, 100 ml, including morphine, 5 mg, were administered through an intra-articular PCA catheter. In groups 1 and 2, the PCA infusion rate was 2 ml/h, with a bolus dose of 0.5 ml, with a lock out time of 8 min. The VAS for pain at rest, and the range of motion (ROM) exercise and side effects were assessed 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 12, 18 and 24 h postoperatively. RESULTS: The patients in group 2 had significantly lower VAS for pain for the ROM than those in group 1 30 min postoperatively. However, the VAS for pain at rest was significantly lower in group 1 than 2 after 18 and 24 h, but the VAS for pain for the ROM was significantly lower in group 1 than 2 24 h postoperatively. There was no significant difference in the side effects between the two groups, with the exception of dizziness, which was more severe in group 2 at 1, 2 and 4 h postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: An intra-articular PCA infusion of bupivacaine and morphine is no more effective than an intra-venous PCA infusion of morphine and ondansetron with respect to postoperative analgesia and side effects.
Analgesia ; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled* ; Anesthesia, General ; Bupivacaine ; Catheters ; Dizziness ; Humans ; Injections, Intra-Articular ; Morphine ; Ondansetron ; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Shoulder*

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Increased consumption of instant noodles has recently been reported to be positively associated with obesity and cardiometabolic syndrome in South Korea, which has the highest per capita instant noodle consumption worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the association between instant noodle consumption and cardiometabolic risk factors among college students in Seoul. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The study subjects consisted of 3,397 college students (1,782 male; 1,615 female) aged 18-29 years who participated in a health checkup. Information on instant noodle consumption was obtained from the participants' answers to a question about their average frequency of instant noodle intake over the 1 year period prior to the survey. RESULTS: Statistical analysis using a general linear model that adjusted for age, body mass index, gender, family income, health-related behaviors, and other dietary factors important for cardiometabolic risk, showed a positive association between the frequency of instant noodle consumption and plasma triglyceride levels, diastolic blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose levels in all subjects. Compared to the group with the lowest frequency of instant noodle intake (≤ 1/month), the odds ratio for hypertriglyceridemia in the group with an intake of ≥ 3/week was 2.639 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.393–5.000] for all subjects, while it was 2.149 (95% CI, 1.045–4.419) and 5.992 (95% CI, 1.859–21.824) for male and female students, respectively. In female students, diastolic blood pressure was also higher among more frequent consumers of instant noodles. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that frequent consumption of instant noodles may be associated with increased cardiometabolic risk factors among apparently healthy college students aged 18–29 years.
Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Fasting ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertriglyceridemia ; Korea ; Linear Models ; Male ; Obesity ; Odds Ratio ; Overweight ; Plasma ; Risk Factors* ; Seoul* ; Triglycerides