No abstract available.
Adrenocortical Carcinoma* ; Cushing Syndrome ; Humans ; Infant* ; Male* ; Puberty, Precocious

No abstract available.
Aneurysm ; Aneurysm, Ruptured* ; Cerebral Veins* ; Veins*

BACKGROUND: Postintubational sore throat and hoarseness are usually mild symptoms but they are very common complaints among the patients after endotracheal general anesthesia. In addition, some might have severe discomfort and need invasive procedure to relieve these problems. We tried new method of endotracheal tube cuff filling with local anesthetics to reduce postoperative sore throat and hoarseness and evaluated the results. METHODS: Endotracheal cuff filling was done with air 5 ml in healthy 20 patients (ASA I-II, control group). And in another healthy (ASA I-II) 35 patients, the cuffs were filled with 4% lidocaine 3.5 ml and 8.4% sodium bicarbonate 1.5 ml mixture. After 24 hours following general anesthesia, patients were visited and asked whether there were sore throat or hoarseness, if any, how the degree was. RESULTS: In lidocaine-treated group, the incidence of postintubational sore throat was less compared to control group significantly. There was no difference in incidence of hoarseness between two groups. CONCLUSION: Endotracheal cuff filled with lidocaine and sodium bicarbonate mixture is suggested as an effective protective method that reduces the frequency of postintubational sore throat.
Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, General ; Anesthetics, Local ; Hoarseness* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lidocaine* ; Pharyngitis* ; Sodium Bicarbonate* ; Sodium*

No abstract available.
Goldenhar Syndrome*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate RN-BSN students' clinical nursing competency in order to establish baseline data for developing nursing competency based clinical education for RN-BSN students. METHOD: A survey of 1,453 RN-BSN students from 21 nursing schools was conducted using a self administered questionnaire. RESULT: The mean score of the clinical nursing competency was 2.93. The scores for competency were shown as 2.91 for nursing management, 2.94 for developing professionalism & legal implementation, 2.95 for critical thinking, 2.96 for teaching & leadership, and data collection, basic nursing care, and communication were above 3.00. The items perceived as insufficient competency were physical examination and observation & monitoring in data collection, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, psycho-social care, spiritual care, hospice in basic nursing care, application of knowledge and theory, formulating nursing diagnosis, nursing care planning in critical thinking, education material development, leadership, delegation in teaching and leadership, analysis of organization, planning, infection control, role & job description, evaluation of nursing activities in nursing management, quality improvement, and research in developing professionalism and legal implementation. CONCLUSION: This study will contribute to developing a nursing competency based on clinical education for RN-BSN students who have various education needs and clinical backgrounds.
Adult ; Analysis of Variance ; *Clinical Competence ; Curriculum ; Data Collection ; Education, Nursing, Associate/*standards ; Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate/*standards ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nursing Education Research ; Questionnaires ; *Students, Nursing

No abstract available.
Pancreatitis*

We investigated the synergistic apoptotic effects of co-treatments with Chios gum mastic (CGM) and eugenol on G361 human melanoma cells. An MTT assay was conducted to investigate whether this co-treatment efficiently reduces the viability of G361 cells compared with each single treatment. The induction and augmentation of apoptosis were confirmed by DNA electrophoresis, Hoechst staining, and analyses of DNA hypoploidy. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescent staining were also performed to evaluate expression and translocation of apoptosis-related proteins following CGM and eugenol co-treatment. Proteasome activity and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) changes were also assayed.The results indicated that the co-treatment of CGM and eugenol induces multiple pathways and processes associated with an apoptotic response in G361 cells. These include nuclear condensation, DNA fragmentation, a reduction in MMP and proteasome activity, an increase of Bax and decrease of Bcl-2, a decreased DNA content, cytochrome c release into the cytosol, the translocation of AIF and DFF40 (CAD) into the nucleus, and the activation of caspase-9, caspase-7, caspase-3, PARP and DFF45 (ICAD). In contrast, separate treatments of 40 microg/ml CGM or 300 microM eugenol for 24 hours did not induce apoptosis. Our present data thus suggest that a combination therapy of CGM and eugenol is a potential treatment strategy for human melanoma.
Apoptosis ; Blotting, Western ; Caspase 3 ; Caspase 7 ; Caspase 9 ; Cytochromes c ; Cytosol ; DNA ; DNA Fragmentation ; Electrophoresis ; Eugenol ; Gingiva ; Humans ; Melanoma ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; Proteins ; Resins, Plant

BACKGROUND: It is well known that there is wide individual variation of responsiveness when parasympathetic nervous system is stimulated physiologically, pathologically, and therapeutically. But no appropriate explanation is present for that yet. So the purpose of this study is to verify individual diversity of vagal tone during resting state and after vagal stimulation and to find factor that may significantly contribute to it. METHOD: We serially measured variation of heart period(VHP : sec) which had been known to be an accurate index of cardiac parasympathetic tone during resting state(VHPb) and after vagal stimulation by ice water application to face(VHPv). And we analyzed correlation between VHPb, VHPv and ratio of VHPv to VHPb(ratio). RESULT: There was wide variation of vagal tone both in resting state (VHPb : 0.025-0.161) and after vagal stimulation (VHPv : 0.087-0.661). VHPb could be classified into 3 groups according to stem and leaf distribution(group A : VHPb could be classified into 3 groups according to stem and leaf distribution(group A : VHPb<0.07, B : 0.07-0.1, C : >0.1). The low VHPb group A showed dramatic increase in vagal tone after vagal stimulation (ratio 2.21-20.24 mean 7.7), on the other hand high VHPb group C did not (ratio 0.80-2.55 mean 1.39). There ws also a significant negative correlation between VHPb and ratio (r=0.69, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that there is wide individual diversity of responsiveness to vagal stimulation and magnitude of vagal tone in resting state is an important factor to determine the responsiveness to vagal stimulation.
Child* ; Hand ; Heart ; Humans ; Ice ; Parasympathetic Nervous System ; Water

PURPOSE: The development of a social system or a national economic state is accompanied by a proportional increase in the number of the aged. As the social activity of geriatric people increase, the frequency of traumatic injury also increases. In this study, to prevent geriatric trauma and to reduce medical expenses, we analyzed the factors that influence the incidence and the severity of geriatric trauma and the correlation between the factors. METHOD: The subjects of our investigation ware trauma patients over sixty-five years old who visited the Emergency Department of Yeungnam University Hospital during a period from January 1, 2003, to December 31, 2003. We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of 436 geriatric trauma patients, and we analyzed the data by using SPSS 12.0 for Window(R). RESULT: The average age was 72.8 years, and the ratio of males to females was 1:1.1. The mean Injury Severity Score(ISS) was 10.8, and no difference was found between male and female. The mean hospitalization days were higher in patients who had a past medical history or who had a complications. Slips were the most common cause of trauma(199, 44.3%). Bicycle accidents and cultivator accidents were more common for males, but slips were more common for females. Bicycle accidents and in-car traffic accidents tended to cause longer hospitalization days. The largest number of aged trauma patients, 46, occurred during May and the smallest number, 24, during December. In addition, summer had the largest number of aged trauma patients, 93. The types of trauma, ISS, and numbers of patients did not correlate with season. The number of patients was increased on partly cloudy days, and the incidence of complication was increased in cultivator accident patients. CONCLUSION: Aged trauma patients who visit the ED for trauma must not overlook on the basis of their normal vital signs. For males, safety education is required when riding bicycles, motorcycles and cultivators. For females, encouragement to use walking aids that can prevent slips will reduce the occurrence of injury. Patients who visit by in-car TA, cultivator accidents, or bicycle accidents or who have a past medical history need to be give more care to reduce complications after hospitalization. Additionally, many side efforts must be initiated in order to reduce trauma in aged people.
Accidents, Traffic ; Education ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Female ; Geriatrics ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Male ; Motorcycles ; Retrospective Studies ; Seasons ; Vital Signs ; Walking

We studied the onset of coronary artery aneurysm formation in 42 patients of Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MCLS), the serial changes of T cell subsets, and serum immunoglobulin levels including lgG, lgA, lgM, in 13 patients among them during acute (before high dose gamma-globulin therapy ) and subacute phase (after gamma-globulin therapy) to evaluate the role of the immunoregulatory abnormalities in coronary artery aneurysm formation. The following results are obtainded : 1) The coronary artery aneurysm was found in 16 patients (38%). They were detected in between 6th and 13th day of illness with the mean of 8.8+/-2.1 day. 2) The total T lymphocyte (T1), helper T lymphocyte (T4), and helper/supperessor ratio (T4/T8) decreased during acute phase. 3) Following gamma-globulin therapy it showed a increase in T4,T8, and all immunoglobulines. Above results showed that the most of aneurysms developed during acute phase and suppressed, rather than enhanced, T cell function significantly contributed to aneurysm formation, whereas high dose gamma-globulin retarded or reversed this suppression which would be one of mechanism of beneficial effort of gamma-globulin in MCLS.
Aneurysm* ; Coronary Aneurysm ; Coronary Vessels* ; gamma-Globulins ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; Lymph Nodes* ; Lymphocytes ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets*