No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

Due to the increased use of tracheostomy and intermittent positive pressure ventilation, patients with trscheal stenosis have become more frequent. Recently we experienced a patient with tracheal stenosis who was tracheostomized upon admission, but unfortunately the stenotic lesion was located below the end of the tracheostomy tube. The stenotic lesion was l.6cm above the carina, its diameter was 0.5 cm, and the length of the stenotic segment was about 2cm, A3,5 mm(I.D.) endotracheal tube was passed through the stenotic lesion via the tracheostomy site, and high frequency jet ventilation was applied with a swivel connector. Immediately after the start of surgery, CO2retention occurred and the driving gas pressure increased from 4p to 5p psi, the I:E ratio from 1:2 to 1: 3, but the respiration rate (100 bpm) was maintained as before. CO2retention was relieved soon. Following end to end anastomosis a 6. 0 mm(I.D.) cuffed endotracheal tube was intubated orally and inhalation anesthesia using N2O-O2-Halothane was maintained until the surgery was completed.
Anesthesia, Inhalation ; Constriction, Pathologic ; High-Frequency Jet Ventilation ; Humans ; Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation ; Respiratory Rate ; Tracheal Stenosis* ; Tracheostomy

PURPOSE: This study is aimed at identifying the effects of telephone counseling as nursing support on distress, anxiety, depression, and adverse events in cancer patients undergoing their first chemotherapy. METHODS: This was a randomized controlled trial (pretest-posttest design). A total of 70 patients who showed 4 or higher distress scores were selected from the screening process. Four patients dropped out; therefore, 66 patients participated in this research. Thirty-two and 34 patients were randomly assigned to the experimental and the control group, respectively. After a preliminary survey, telephone counseling support was given to the experimental group at three time points. The post survey was done before the second cycle of chemotherapy. RESULTS: Regarding distress, both groups showed a statistically significant decrease in the scores: 3.4 for the experimental group and 1.8 for the control group (p=.002). Furthermore, the experimental group demonstrated a statistically significant decrease relative to the control group. Anxiety and depression showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups. CONCLUSION: This study concludes that nursing support through phone counseling is effective in decreasing distress in patients undergoing chemotherapy for the first time.
Anxiety* ; Counseling* ; Depression* ; Drug Therapy* ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Nursing ; Telephone*

BACKGROUND: Endothelial dysfunction is suggested to be one of the pathogenesis of cerebral white matter lesion (cWML). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a crucial role in angiogenesis and integrity of vascular endothelial cell, and altered expression of VEGF gene induces vascular diseases including cerebrovascular diseases. The objective of this study is to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of VEGF gene confers an increased risk of cWML. METHODS: Total 337 study subjects without history of stroke were included. The presence and severity of cWML were measured on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery image. Genotypes of VEGF -2578G>A, -1154G>A, -634G>C and +936C>T were analyzed. RESULTS: Among 337 study subjects, cWML was found in 208 patients (62%), and fifty-eight cases (17%) of them had overt cWML. In univariate analysis, age, female sex and plasma total homocysteine level (tHcyt) were higher in the mild and overt cWML group than no cWML group (p<0.05). The percentage of previous history of hypertension and the value of systolic blood pressure were higher in overt cWML group than no cWML group. In univariate and logistic regression analysis, none of four tested VEGF SNPs was significantly different between control group, mild and overt cWML groups. There was no difference between plasma tHcyt levels and each VEGF SNPs in control group and cWML groups. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, old age, female sex, hypertension and plasma tHcyt were associated with cWML. However, we failed to find an association between cWML and VEGF gene polymorphism, which may indicate that genetic polymorphism of VEGF does not play a direct role in the pathogenesis of cWML.
Blood Pressure ; Endothelial Cells ; Female ; Genotype ; Homocysteine ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Logistic Models ; Plasma ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Stroke ; Vascular Diseases ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

PURPOSE: The magnetic resonance(MR) appearance of 23 biopsy-proven meningiomas were retrospectively evaluated and correlated with histologic pattern ;fibroblastic, transitional, syncytial, angioblastic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty three patients with biopsy-proven meningiomas were examined with MR imaging over a 3 years period. Images were assessed for average T1, T2 intensity score(1-5), degree of edema, calcification, cyst formation or necrosis, and dural tail sign. RESULTS: Tl-weighted images showed only one significant correlation between fibroblastic type and angiobiastic type (p<0.04). Angioblastic type was more hypointense than gray matter(1.83/isointense to gray 3) on T1-weighted image. Syncytial and angioblastic tumors had average T2 intensity scores much higher than those of fibroblastic and transitional types. All three cases of angioblastic tumors had shown severe edema. Calcified lesions were much more common in transitional and fibroblastic types than in syncytial and angioblastic types. CONCLUSION: MRI is a helpful diagnostic imaging modality with good correlation between its MR findings and histologic patterns.
Diagnostic Imaging ; Edema ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Meningioma* ; Necrosis ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND: Folic acid has been frequently used for hyperhomocyesteinemia in various diseases and decreases the level of homocysteine. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of folic acid in the level of homocysteine in epilepsy patients, and to analyze factors affecting its responsiveness and the difference of its efficacy according to methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism. METHODS: Total 75 epilepsy patients with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) therapy were included. 41 patients had normal level of homocysteine and 34 patients with hyperhomocysteinemia (> or =12 micro mol/ ) were supplemented with folic acid for 1 year. Thirty-four patients with hyperhomocyteinemia were divided into two groups according to the responsiveness of homocysteine to folic acid; decrease group (DG) and non-decrease group (NDG). RESULTS: The level of homocysteine in patients with hyperhomocysteinemia was significantly decreased after administration of folic acid, comparing with patients with normal level. DG was younger and had more male gender, shorter duration of seizure, and initial higher homocysteine level, compared to NDG (p<0.05). Patients with mutant type of MTHFR (CT+TT) had more decreased homocysteine level after supplement of folic acid, but had more increased homocysteine level without supplement of folic acid. Comparing between MTHFR genotypes, TT type had the most decreased homocysteine level than others, but there was no significance. CONCLUSION: Folic acid is useful treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia in epilepsy patients and the supplement of folic acid might be considered in patients with mutant type of MTHFR regardless of homocysteine level. The effect of folic acid supplement is greater in younger age, male sex, shorter duration of seizure, and initial higher homocysteine level.
Anticonvulsants ; Epilepsy* ; Folic Acid* ; Genotype ; Homocysteine* ; Humans ; Hyperhomocysteinemia ; Male ; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) ; Seizures

The aim of this study was to investigate the whole picture regarding pregnancy, prenatal care, obstetrical complications, and delivery among disabled pregnant women in Korea. Using the data of National Health Insurance Corporation, we extracted the data of women who terminated pregnancy including delivery and abortion from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2010. Pearson's chi-square test and Student-t test were conducted to examine the difference between disabled women and non-disabled women. Also, to define the factors affecting inadequate prenatal care, logistic regression was performed. The total number of pregnancy were 463,847; disabled women was 2,968 (0.6%) and 460,879 (99.4%) were by non-disabled women. Abortion rates (27.6%), Cesarean section rate (54.5%), and the rate of receiving inadequate prenatal care (17.0%), and the rate of being experienced at least one obstetrical complication (11.3%) among disabled women were higher than those among non-disabled women (P < 0.001). Beneficiaries of Medical Aid (OR, 2.21) (P < 0.001) and severe disabled women (OR, 1.46) (P = 0.002) were more likely to receive inadequate prenatal care. In conclusion, disabled women are more vulnerable in pregnancy, prenatal care and delivery. Therefore, the government and society should pay more attention to disabled pregnant women to ensure they have a safe pregnancy period up until the delivery.
Abortion, Induced/*statistics & numerical data ; Adult ; Cesarean Section/*statistics & numerical data ; Delivery, Obstetric/*statistics & numerical data ; Disabled Persons/*statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Mothers/statistics & numerical data ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications ; Prenatal Care/*statistics & numerical data ; Republic of Korea ; Young Adult

The aim of this study was to investigate the whole picture regarding pregnancy, prenatal care, obstetrical complications, and delivery among disabled pregnant women in Korea. Using the data of National Health Insurance Corporation, we extracted the data of women who terminated pregnancy including delivery and abortion from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2010. Pearson's chi-square test and Student-t test were conducted to examine the difference between disabled women and non-disabled women. Also, to define the factors affecting inadequate prenatal care, logistic regression was performed. The total number of pregnancy were 463,847; disabled women was 2,968 (0.6%) and 460,879 (99.4%) were by non-disabled women. Abortion rates (27.6%), Cesarean section rate (54.5%), and the rate of receiving inadequate prenatal care (17.0%), and the rate of being experienced at least one obstetrical complication (11.3%) among disabled women were higher than those among non-disabled women (P < 0.001). Beneficiaries of Medical Aid (OR, 2.21) (P < 0.001) and severe disabled women (OR, 1.46) (P = 0.002) were more likely to receive inadequate prenatal care. In conclusion, disabled women are more vulnerable in pregnancy, prenatal care and delivery. Therefore, the government and society should pay more attention to disabled pregnant women to ensure they have a safe pregnancy period up until the delivery.
Abortion, Induced/*statistics & numerical data ; Adult ; Cesarean Section/*statistics & numerical data ; Delivery, Obstetric/*statistics & numerical data ; Disabled Persons/*statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Mothers/statistics & numerical data ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications ; Prenatal Care/*statistics & numerical data ; Republic of Korea ; Young Adult

Human brain EST data provide important clues for our understanding of the molecular biology associated with the function of the normal brain and the molecular pathophysiology with brain disorders. To systematically and efficiently study the function and disorders of the human brain, 45,773 human brain ESTs were collected from 27 human brain cDNA libraries, which were constructed from normal brains and brain disorders such as brain tumors, Parkinson's disease (PD) and epilepsy. An analysis of 45,773 human brain ESTs using our EST analysis pipeline resulted in 38,396 high-quality ESTs and 35,906 ESTs, which were coalesced into 8,246 unique gene clusters, showing a significant similarity to known genes in the human RefSeq, human mRNAs and UniGene database. In addition, among 8,246 gene clusters, 4,287 genes (52%) were found to contain full-length cDNA clones. To facilitate the extraction of useful information in collected these human brain ESTs, we developed a user-friendly interface system, the Korea Brain Unigene Database (KBUD). The KBUD web interface allows access to our human brain data through three major search modes, the BioCarta pathway, keywords and BLAST searches. Each result when viewed in KBUD offers comprehensive information concerning the analyzed human brain ESTs provided by our data as well as data linked to various other public databases. The user-friendly developed KBUD, the first world-wide web interface for human brain EST data with ESTs of human brain disorders as well as normal brains, will be a helpful system for developing a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the normal brain well as brain disorders. The KBUD system is freely accessible at http://kugi.kribb.re.kr/KU/cgi-bin/brain.pl.
Brain Diseases ; Brain Neoplasms ; Brain* ; Clone Cells ; DNA, Complementary ; Epilepsy ; Estrone* ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Gene Library ; Humans ; Korea* ; Molecular Biology ; Multigene Family ; Parkinson Disease ; RNA, Messenger

Catheterization of the innominate or superior vena caval vein via the basilic, external jugular and internal jugular veins was attempted in 103 adult and pediatric patients scheduled for cardiovascular and pulmonary surgery. Both basilic veins were used in 43 patients, and malposition of the cathether tips occured in 23% of the cases. The site of malposition was often the ipsilateral internal jugular vein. Both external jugular veins were utilized in 58 cases, and the malposition was 17%. The ipsilateral internal jugular vein was also the most common site of malpogition. Catheter curling was noted in 3 patients. One case of premature ventricular contraction was observed on the E.K.G monitor during catheterization, but disappeared as soon as the catheter was withdrawn. Difficulty was encountered in the passage of the catheter in 9% of the cases using the basilic vein and in 40% using the external jugular vein.
Adult ; Catheterization ; Catheters ; Central Venous Catheters* ; Humans ; Jugular Veins* ; Ocimum basilicum* ; Veins ; Ventricular Premature Complexes