PURPOSE: This is to evaluate the clinical results and radiologic changes of the mandibular condyle fractures following the open reduction and fixation using the Lag-screws introduced by Eckelt and Martin Co. MATERIALS & METHODS: Ten patients who had been treated by the Lag-screw fixation for the unilateral fracture of the mandibular condyle at the high level and followed up for over 6 months(ranged from 24 weeks to 33 weeks). The incisal opening by time elapsed, displacement of the fragments, bone resorption around the Lag-screws, operating time consumed, and untoward complications were evaluated. The data were tested by repeated measure ANOVA and paired t-test. RESULTS: The maximum mouth opening was increased by time as follows ; 20.2+/-2.8mm soon after reduction. 26.3+/-3.9 at the 2nd week, 37.7+/-4.2mm at the 4th week, 44.4+/-4.3mm in PO 2 months(P<0.05). The bone resorption at anterior to lag-screw nut was measured to 1.9+/-1.0mm, while the posterior resorption was 2.6+/-1.9mm on average(P<0.05). Reduction and fixation of the fragments by Lag-screw were done within 80 minutes including the skin closure. The clicking sound of the TMJ(40%), weakness of the marginal branch(60%) were complicated but transient for 4-8weeks. There were no signs of bony displacement, but loosening of screws were observed at the time of removal. CONCLUSION: Open reduction and fixation with condylar Lag-screw(Martin co., Germany) thru the ramus can be a good option to reduce the high level(Kruger's Level III & IV) fracture of the mandibular condyle with anterior or medial displacement. However, this procedure requires 2nd surgery to remove the devices and it may complicate improper reduction for delayed fractures and in case of 's' curved mandibular ramus.
Bone Resorption ; Humans ; Mandibular Condyle* ; Mouth ; Nuts ; Prognosis* ; Skin

No abstract available.
Meningitis, Bacterial*

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Cerebral Infarction* ; Humans ; Polycythemia Vera* ; Polycythemia*

No abstract available.
Myocarditis* ; Stomach*

Retinal hemorrhages in the newborn infant were first described shortly after the invention of the ophthalmoscope(Jaeger. 1961). Frequency of the retinal hemorrhages in the newborn infant has been reported to be between 2.6 and 50%. We postulate that the retinal hemorrhages are caused by maternal factors and fetal factors. Maternal factors include delivery type, maternal age, duration of pregnancy, parity, duration of labor, and maternal blood pressure. Fetal factors include color of the amnionic fluid, body weight, and sex. We examined the fundus of 161 newborn infants and investigated the above factors that influenced the retinal hemorrhages. The results were as follows: 1. The overall incidence of the retinal hemorrhages were 35.4%. 2. According to the delivery types, retinal hemorrhages were found in 57.9% after vacuum extraction, in 41.7% after induction delivery, in 33.8% after spontaneous delivery, and in 13.5% after Cesarean section. 3. As the duration of pregnancy increased in complicated delivery, retinal hemorrhages also tendted to increase. 4. The incidence of hemorrhages were greater in the hypertensive mother and abnormal color of amnionic fluid in spontaneous delivery. 5. The incidence of retinal hemorrhages were greater in the high body weight, multipara, and normal duration of labor. 6. Retinal hemorrhages were not related the maternal age and fetal sex. 7. Retinal hemorrhages were absorbed within four weeks.
Amnion ; Blood Pressure ; Body Fluids ; Body Weight ; Cesarean Section ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Inventions ; Maternal Age ; Mothers ; Parity ; Pregnancy ; Retinal Hemorrhage* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Vacuum

We operated on 37 congenital cataract patients(bilateral 23, unilateral 14) from April, 1984 to April, 1986. The age of the patients at the time of their operation ranged from 2 months to 15 years old. The average age was 4.1 years old. The follow-up period ranged from 5 months to 6.3 years, the average being 2.2 years. We compared the incidence of strabismus according to unilaterality, the method of operation, the age at which the operation took place, and the correction of vision. All strabismic cases were exotropic. The strabismus occurred in 34% of all patients at the first examination and 65% at the final examination during follow-up period. The occurrence rates of the strabismus during the follow-up period were 22% in the bilateral cases, and 50% in the unilateral ones. This difference was statistically significant(p<0.05). According to the operation method, the strabismus occurred in 25% of I and A cases, but only 16% of lensectomy ones. This was also statistically signiIicant(p<0.05). The occurrence of strabismus had a statistically significant difference of 8% in operations before 3 years of age and 32% after 3 years. The occurrnce of stabismus was increased in cases of old age, after cataract, poor postoperative visual correction, and unilatral cases.
Adolescent ; Cataract* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Strabismus*

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The widespread use of cytotoxic chemotherapy and immunosuppressants has resulted in reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) recently becoming an issue. Although rituximab (an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody) has revolutionized the treatment of lymphoma, recent reports have suggested that rituximab therapy increases the risk of viral-mediated complications, and particularly HBV reactivation. This study analyzed real clinical practice data for rituximab-related HBV reactivation. METHODS: Between January 2005 and December 2011, 169 patients received treatment with rituximab. Screening status of the HBV infection and frequency of preemptive therapy were determined in these patients, and the clinical features of HBV reactivation were analyzed. RESULTS: Seventy-nine of the 169 patients with chronic or past HBV infection were selected for evaluation of HBV reactivation. Of the 90 patients who were excluded, 22 (13.0%) were not assessed for HBsAg and anti-HBc, and 14 (8.3%) were not assessed for anti-HBc due to seronegativity for HBsAg. The selected patients were divided into those with chronic HBV infection (n=12) and those with past HBV infection (n=67); six patients (7.6%) experienced HBV reactivation. Eight patients received preemptive therapy, but three patients (37.5%) underwent HBV reactivation. Although HBsAg seropositivity was an independent risk factor for HBV reactivation (P=0.038), of the six patients with HBV reactivation, two (33.3%) had past HBV infection and three (50%) died of liver failure. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study demonstrate that adherence to guidelines for screening and preemptive therapy for HBV reactivation was negligent among the included cohort. Attention should be paid to HBV reactivation in patients with past as well as chronic HBV infection during and after rituximab therapy.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antibodies/blood ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/*adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Hepatitis B/etiology/mortality/virology ; Hepatitis B Core Antigens/immunology ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/blood ; Hepatitis B virus/*physiology ; Humans ; Lymphoma/*drug therapy ; Middle Aged ; Odds Ratio ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; *Virus Activation ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to understand the coping experience of nursing students in clinical practice. METHODS: In-depth interview was done with semi-structured questionnaire on 32 nursing students taking clinical practice. Data was analyzed through the grounded theory. RESULTS: Core category of coping experience of nursing students was ‘trying to be a meaningful presence’ while clinical practice. Students' coping strategies were ‘overcoming inexperience’, ‘receiving the recognition from the clinical instructors’, and ‘governing mind and body’. Helping components for their coping behaviors were ‘support from people’, ‘personal experience before clinical practice’, ‘dynamics with partners’. Through the coping experience during clinical practice, nursing students became mature and confirmed their identities as student nurses. CONCLUSION: Nursing students taking clinical practice tried to be a meaningful presence.
Adaptation, Psychological ; Grounded Theory ; Humans ; Nursing* ; Students, Nursing*