The completion of the rough draft of the human genome is a remarkable achievement. It provides the overall structures of huge DNA molecules that constitute the genome and an outline of the information needed to create a human being This paper reviewed new ideas, projects, and scientific advances made by the Human Genome Project. We also discussed the future of medicine and biomedical research in postgenomic era.
DNA ; Genome ; Genome, Human* ; Genomics ; Human Genome Project* ; Humans ; Humans* ; Proteome ; Proteomics

No abstract available.
Enterococcus*

No abstract available.
Enterococcus*

Nursing the aged is yet a familiar system in Korea. However, it is a social system in urgent need that requires series of preliminary arrangements to cope with the aging society. In addition, a full-fledged preparedness is imperative, lest the nursing system should follow precedent failures of the National Medical Insurance System and the separation of dispensary from medical practice. The concept of nursing the aged exceeds the simple care (so called 'Subal') of inconveniences caused by the process of aging. One should keep in mind that 'nursing the aged' outcomes from the illness as well as the aftereffect thereof. These physical and mental inconveniences should be overcome by means of medical treatments and care that are oriented to proper physical conditions. All sectors of specialties relevant to elderly nursing care should be systematically working together, so as to set up a sound master plan for nursing the aged. Both medical and para-medical human resources shall be secured and, they must be ready to work in good harmony. Medical approaches as to the home-cares and, construction of the infrastructures relevant thereto shall be properly taken place during the pre-testing period.
Aged* ; Aging ; Home Care Services ; Humans ; Insurance ; Korea ; Long-Term Care* ; Nursing ; Nursing Care

Endoscopic ACL reconstruction using bone-patellar tendon-bone has been considered the gold standard in the field of reconstructive ACL surgery. Technically, graft must be placed at isometric point. But it is difficult to evaluate the placement of graft postoperatively. The purpose of this study is to determine the radiological ideal position of graft by comparing postoperative results with the graft placement. Seventy cases of endoscopic ACL reconstruction were reviewed and classified according to the femoral and tibial graft position on radiologic imaging. The femoral graft position was classified in relation to angle of graft on anterior position view and distance from posterior margin of graft to the inner surface of posterior cortex on lateral view. The tibial graft position was classified in relation to intercondylar eminence on anterior posterior view and lateral view. Knee score (modified Marshall, Lysholum), manual anterior instability test (Lachman test, Pivot shift test) and arthrometer measurement were checked to evaluate postoperative results in each case. The results of this study implicate that knee joint in which femoral graft was oriented at direction of 11 o clock centring around 68 degree respect to tibial joint and placed within 3mm from posterior cortex showed higher knee score and lesser laxity. In cases of tibial side, the graft oriented to intercondylar eminence (AP view) and placed anterior to intercondylar eminence (lateral view) showed higher knee score and lesser laxity.
Joints ; Knee ; Knee Joint ; Patellar Ligament* ; Transplants

No abstract available.
Fractures, Open*

No abstract available.
Cardiomyopathies* ; Peripartum Period*

BACKGROUND: Repair of superior labral anterior to posterior (SLAP) lesion in patients older than 40 years is controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical outcomes of arthroscopic repair of SLAP lesions between younger and older patient groups. METHODS: We reviewed 50 patients with isolated type II SLAP lesions who underwent arthroscopic repair. Patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 included 20 patients aged <40 years, and group 2 included 30 patients aged > or =40 years. Functional outcome at the final follow-up was assessed using a visual analog scale for pain and satisfaction, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons form, Constant score, University of California at Los Angeles score, and periodic change in range of motion (ROM). Anatomical outcome was evaluated using computed tomography (CT) arthrography at least 1 year after surgery. RESULTS: No significant differences in functional scores or postoperative ROM were observed between the 2 groups. In group 2, later recovery of ROM (forward flexion, p=0.025; internal rotation, p=0.034) and lower satisfaction score (p=0.06) were observed for atraumatic patients (n=16) compared to patients with traumatic injury (n=14). Fifteen patients in group 1 (15/17, 88%) and 21 patients in group 2 (21/26, 81%) demonstrated a healed labrum on postoperative CT arthrography, and this difference was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that arthroscopic repair of type II SLAP lesions can yield good functional and anatomical outcomes regardless of age, if patient selection is adequate. However, the delay in ROM recovery and lower satisfaction, particularly in older patients without traumatic injury, should be considered.
Arthrography ; Arthroscopy ; California ; Elbow ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Patient Selection ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Shoulder ; Visual Analog Scale

Spontaneous infrarenal abdominal aortic dissection (SIAAD) is a rare entity with various clinical presentations. We recently encountered the even rarer condition of a female patient suffering from chronic SIAAD with multiple intimal flaps and prominent lumbar artery collaterals; this all caused stenotic changes of the infrarenal abdominal aorta and produced progressive lower extremity pain and claudication in both her legs. This patient's condition was successfully managed by primary stent placement followed by balloon angioplasty.
Angioplasty, Balloon ; Aorta, Abdominal ; Arteries ; Female ; Humans ; Leg ; Lower Extremity ; Stents*

Fifteen stress urinary incontinence patients were treated using the modified endoscopic suspension of the bladder neck that eliminates all incisions during the period from January 1990 to December 1990. The average operation time was 26 minutes and the mean days of urethral Foley catheter removal were 3.9 days operation. Two point three days were required to restore the normal voiding pattern. Of 15 patients treated. 1 failure occurred, for an overall success rate of 93%. There had been no significant complications. Therefore, no-incision pubovaginal suspension was simple and effective means treating stress urinary incontinence.
Catheters ; Humans ; Neck ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Incontinence*