The purpose of this study was to investigate the growth changes of the mandible and associated structure in response to postural hyperpropulsion and changes after removal of postural hyperpropulsor. The experimental animals were four-week-old Sprague-Dawley males rats. The animals were worn the postural hyperpropulsor diurnally for 10 hours per day. The animals were sacrified after 1-week, 2-week, 4-week postural hyperpropulsion and 4-week postural hyperpropulsion 4-week removal period. The growth changes of rat mandible and associated structures following postural hyperpropulsion on the growing rat mandible were observed biometrically, radiographically and histologically. The finding were as follows. 1. The angle between the chief axis of the bone trabeculae in the condyle and the mandibular plane of rats observed for 4 weeks after worn the hyperpropulsor for 4 weeks was directed posteriorly as compared with that of control rats. 2. The ratio of mandibular length to maxillary length of experimental rats was higher than that of control rats. 3. The tooth axis of mandibular first molar of rats worn the postural hyperpropulsor for 4 weeks was mesially inclined as compared with control rats. 4. Histologically, the cartilage layer at the superior region of the condyle of rats worn the postural hyperpropulsor for 2 weeks appeared thicker than that of same aged normal rats, and generalized increase of the cartilage layer was shown on the condyle of rats worn the postural hyperpropulsor for 4 weeks. 5. There was no significant histologic difference between rats observed for 4 weeks after worn the postural hyperpropulsor for 4 weeks (8 week experimental rats) and same aged normal rats. 6. The newly formed bone at anterior region of articular fossa of rats worn the postural hyperpropulsor for 2 weeks and 4 weeks was thicker than that of same aged normal rats.
Animals ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Cartilage ; Humans ; Male ; Mandible* ; Molar ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tooth

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the major cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants. Life-threatening RSV infection is often reported in young children and immunocompromised hosts. Since there is no report on ribavirin therapy for RSV pneumonia in pediatric cancer patients in Korea, we report one case of RSV pneumonia that developed in an infant with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Despite administration of oral ribavirin and intravenous immunoglobulin, the patient's respiratory distress worsened and admission to an intensive care unit was necessary. Chest x-ray showed multifocal consolidation, pneumothorax, and pneumomediastinum. Treatment with aerosolized ribavirin led to significant clinical improvement. The role of aerosolized ribavirin is still controversial, but it might have a therapeutic potential for severe RSV pneumonia in children with leukemia.
Child ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; Immunoglobulins ; Infant ; Intensive Care Units ; Korea ; Leukemia ; Mediastinal Emphysema ; Pneumonia ; Pneumothorax ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Ribavirin ; Thorax

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the potency of panoramic radiography for the detection of maxillary impacted canines. METHODS: Twenty-five patients were selected, comprised of 7 males (mean age: 10.9 years, range: 8.5 - 14.5 years) and 18 females (mean age: 10.9 years, range: 8.2 - 15.7 years). In total, thirty-five maxillary impacted canines were estimated. The position of the canine and root resorption of adjacent teeth were evaluated on panoramic radiography and 3D CT. RESULTS: Except for angulation to the occlusal plane, the other parameters, such as tooth length, crown width, vertical distance and lateral shift showed larger values on panoramic radiography compared to 3D CT. In palatally impacted cases, the angulation of canine was smaller, and the vertical distance to the occlusal place was larger on panoramic radiography than 3D CT. For labially impacted canines, tooth length, crown width, and angulation to the occlusal plane were similar for the two methods. The sensitivity for detecting root resorption on panoramic radiography was calculated as being 33.3% of 3D CT. CONCLUSIONS: The position of labially impacted canines can be effectively estimated using panoramic radiography, but palatally impacted canines need further investigation such as 3D CT for proper diagnosis.
Crowns ; Dental Occlusion ; Female ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; Male ; Mitochondrial Diseases ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Radiography, Panoramic ; Root Resorption ; Tooth

Aeromonas hydrophila is a facultative, anaerobic gram-negative bacillus. It's a member of the family Vibrionaceae. Aeromonas, which is known to cause gastroenteritis and wound infections ranging from mild cellulitis to fulminant myonecrosis. It is responsible for opportunistic infections in patients with compromised immune function due to an underlying disease such as malignant hematological disorders, liver cirrhosis, and malignant neoplasm. We report a case of 72-year-old woman who recovered from necrotizing fasciitis caused by A. hydrophila. The patient had undergone prolonged hemodialysis and had no history of trauma.
Aeromonas hydrophila* ; Aeromonas* ; Aged ; Bacillus ; Cellulitis ; Fasciitis, Necrotizing* ; Female ; Gastroenteritis ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Opportunistic Infections ; Renal Dialysis* ; Vibrionaceae ; Wound Infection

Aeromonas hydrophila is a facultative, anaerobic gram-negative bacillus. It's a member of the family Vibrionaceae. Aeromonas, which is known to cause gastroenteritis and wound infections ranging from mild cellulitis to fulminant myonecrosis. It is responsible for opportunistic infections in patients with compromised immune function due to an underlying disease such as malignant hematological disorders, liver cirrhosis, and malignant neoplasm. We report a case of 72-year-old woman who recovered from necrotizing fasciitis caused by A. hydrophila. The patient had undergone prolonged hemodialysis and had no history of trauma.
Aeromonas hydrophila* ; Aeromonas* ; Aged ; Bacillus ; Cellulitis ; Fasciitis, Necrotizing* ; Female ; Gastroenteritis ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Opportunistic Infections ; Renal Dialysis* ; Vibrionaceae ; Wound Infection

Cranial mononeuropathies, manifesting particulary as opthalmoplegia or facial palsy, are common entities in the dia-betic population. However, sequential multiple cranial neuropathies due to diabetes are much less common. It is often associated with other conditions such as a brain tumor or head trauma. A 61-year-old diabetic man presented with ptosis, opthalmoplegia, and facial palsy which were manifestations of multiple cranial neuropathies involving the left 3rd, 4th, 6th, and 7th cranial nerves throughout five weeks. The pupils were not involved. The neurologic evaluation included a CSF study and a brain MRI with MRA. None of them produced any significant results. Blink reflexes revealed evidence of a left facial nerve lesion. The blood glucose was strictly controlled and steroid therapy was administered. The ptosis of the patientanjx left eyelid improved during treatment and he was discharged after 13 days. In a follow-up examination 3 months after onset, focal neurological deficits including opthalmoplegia and facial palsy on the left side were greatly improved and barely noticeable.
Blinking ; Blood Glucose ; Brain ; Brain Neoplasms ; Cranial Nerve Diseases* ; Cranial Nerves ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Eyelids ; Facial Nerve ; Facial Paralysis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Mononeuropathies ; Pupil

Incontinentia pigmenti (IP) is an uncommon genodermatosis that occurs mostly in female infants, but is rarely found in male infants. Male patients with incontinentia pigmenti are usually more severely affected than their female counterparts. IP is characterized by ectodermal, mesodermal, neurological, ocular, and dental manifestations. Herein, we report a case of IP in a male infant who presented with a typical course of skin manifestation, dental defects, and recurrent partial seizures. However, he did not show any signs or symptoms for ocular or cardiovascular anomalies.
Ectoderm ; Female ; Humans ; Incontinentia Pigmenti* ; Infant* ; Male* ; Mesoderm ; Seizures ; Skin Manifestations

Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7 is an important cause of hemorrhagic colitis (HC) and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). LPS-based vaccines need improvement since the anti-LPS antibodies raised by the vaccines are bactericidal and release toxin that may precipitate the development of HUS. Despite huge efforts, the treatment of infection with E. coli O157 has been difficult because antibiotics do not change the course of the enteritis caused by E. coli O157 and may increase the incidence of HUS through the release of Shiga-like toxin (Stx)-I. For this aim we tried the conjugate of E. coli O157 OSP bound to the nontoxic B subunit of Stx-I B as a vaccine that can induce both serum IgG anti-LPS antibody with bactericidal activity and neutralizing antibody to Stx-I. Mice were immunized s.c. with OSP-Stx-I B conjugate. Anti-sera were analyzed for the anti-LPS antibody, anti-Stx-I B antibody, complement-dependent bactericidal activity, and Stx-I neutralization activity. Mice injected with the bivalent conjugate elicited both bactericidal antibodies to E. coli O157 and neutralization antibodies to Stx-1. We also analyzed the distributional, functional changes of T lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo. After the injection of Stx-I, splenocytes showed a decrease in proliferation when stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or LPS, and the number of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells also decreased. Interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma productions by CD3+ T cells were slightly increased in the Stx-I injected mice.
Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Antibodies ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Colitis ; Enteritis ; Escherichia coli O157* ; Escherichia coli* ; Escherichia* ; Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunotoxins* ; Incidence ; Interleukin-4 ; Interleukins ; Mice ; O Antigens ; T-Lymphocytes ; Vaccines*

BACKGROUND: Vancomycin-esistant enterococci (VRE) were first recovered from clinical isolates in Korea in 1992, and the incidence has been steadily increasing. The goal of this study was to determine the isolation trend of VRE by year and genotypes of VRE isolated from clinical specimens in Wonju area. METHODS: We investigated the patients' medical records to determine the incidence of VRE among enterococci isolated from 1995 to 1999 in Wonju Christian Hospital, performed antimicrobial susceptibility tests to vancomycin and teicoplanin by agar dilution methods, and genotyped them with multiplex polymerase chain reaction for 117 cryopreserved VRE isolates. RESULTS: VRE were first isolated in December 1995. Overall incidence of VRE during the period of 1996 to 1999 was 6.1% (164/2,682). The annual incidence of VRE was 1.9% in 1996, 5.5% in 1997, 6.7% in 1998, and 9.7% in 1999. The species of VRE included 115 (69.7%) E. faecium, 11 (6.7%) E. faecalis, 17 (10.3%) E. casseliflavus, 10 (6.1%) E. gallinarum, and 12 (7.3%) Enterococcus species. Of 117 VRE, E. faecium and E. faecalis strains were phenotyped as VanA, and genotyped as vanA with the exception of five VRE which the genotypes were not identified. All E. gallinarum and E. casseliflavus strains were genotyped as vanC- and vanC-, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: VRE were first isolated in 1995. And the isolation rate of VRE were increasing trend from 1.9% in 1996 and 9.7% in 1998. Most of VRE were E. faecium with vanA genotype.
Agar ; Enterococcus ; Gangwon-do* ; Genotype* ; Incidence ; Korea ; Medical Records ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Teicoplanin ; Tertiary Healthcare* ; Vancomycin

BACKGROUND: Vancomycin-esistant enterococci (VRE) were first recovered from clinical isolates in Korea in 1992, and the incidence has been steadily increasing. The goal of this study was to determine the isolation trend of VRE by year and genotypes of VRE isolated from clinical specimens in Wonju area. METHODS: We investigated the patients' medical records to determine the incidence of VRE among enterococci isolated from 1995 to 1999 in Wonju Christian Hospital, performed antimicrobial susceptibility tests to vancomycin and teicoplanin by agar dilution methods, and genotyped them with multiplex polymerase chain reaction for 117 cryopreserved VRE isolates. RESULTS: VRE were first isolated in December 1995. Overall incidence of VRE during the period of 1996 to 1999 was 6.1% (164/2,682). The annual incidence of VRE was 1.9% in 1996, 5.5% in 1997, 6.7% in 1998, and 9.7% in 1999. The species of VRE included 115 (69.7%) E. faecium, 11 (6.7%) E. faecalis, 17 (10.3%) E. casseliflavus, 10 (6.1%) E. gallinarum, and 12 (7.3%) Enterococcus species. Of 117 VRE, E. faecium and E. faecalis strains were phenotyped as VanA, and genotyped as vanA with the exception of five VRE which the genotypes were not identified. All E. gallinarum and E. casseliflavus strains were genotyped as vanC- and vanC-, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: VRE were first isolated in 1995. And the isolation rate of VRE were increasing trend from 1.9% in 1996 and 9.7% in 1998. Most of VRE were E. faecium with vanA genotype.
Agar ; Enterococcus ; Gangwon-do* ; Genotype* ; Incidence ; Korea ; Medical Records ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Teicoplanin ; Tertiary Healthcare* ; Vancomycin