No abstract available.
Axilla* ; Paget Disease, Extramammary*

No abstract available.
Keratosis, Seborrheic* ; Poroma* ; Scalp*

Congenital aural atresia requires reconstructive surgery because of its negative effect against hearing and cosmetic problem. Two surgical methods, anterior and transmastoid approaches, have been designed for the surgery and many surgeons have advocated any techniques depending on their surgical experiences and advantages of each method. We analyzed retrospectively 53 cases of congenital aural atresia operated with the use of one of both approaches, and got the clinical, audiological and surgical results as follows. 1) Postoperative dressing period was shorter in the anterior approach(34.5 days) than in the posterior one(44.2 days). 2) Hearing results are better in the anterior approach. 3) Postoperative complications include granulation tissue formation, drum lateralization, external auditory canal stenosis and temporary facial nerve weakness. And it happened more frequently in the anterior approach than the posterior one. 4) Facial nerve anormaly was noted in 16 cases(30.2%) and cholesteatoma in 5 cases(9.4%).
Bandages ; Cholesteatoma ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Ear Canal ; Facial Nerve ; Granulation Tissue ; Hearing ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies

Lipoma is a common tumor throughout the body, but occurrence in the deep neck space is very rare, and only some cases have been reported by otolaryngologist and pathologist for the last century. In head and neck area, as elsewhere, the lipoma is mainly originated from the subcutaneum. But in deeper tissues, its characteristics are different from those of other sites of lipoma. Submucosal lipoma in the head and neck area usually occur in oral cavity and hypopharynx. Recently we hae experienced 3 cases of deep neck space lipoma, so we report our clinical experiences with brief review of literature.
Head ; Hypopharynx ; Lipoma* ; Mouth ; Neck*

We examined the ultrastructural features of the lung parenchyma and the expression of apoptosis of the respiratory cells by TUNEL technique. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=30) were intra-tracheally injected with cadmium (2.5 mg/kg) into both lungs. The light and electron microscopic features of the lung tissues were examined on Days 1, 3, 7 and 10 after the injection of cadmium. Specimen preparations for the light and electron microscopic TUNEL stains were performed. Ultrastructurally, on Days 1 and 3, the alveolar spaces were filled with edematous fluid, and desquamated type I epithelial cells. On Days 7 and 10, the alveolar spaces and interstitium were patchy infiltrated with young fibroblasts and some collagen deposition. The light microscopic TUNEL stain showed that apoptosis of the alveolar cells was most prominent on Day 1, and then the number of apoptosis was markedly decreased on Days 3, 7 and 10. The electron microscopic TUNEL stain showed the electron dense homogenous nuclear expression, and the formation of intra-nuclear blebs which protrude to the outside of nuclei. On Days 7 and 10, there are frequent apoptotic nuclear bodies in the alveolar macrophages. We could examine the identification of the equivocal apoptotic cells and various morphologic expression of apoptotic nuclei on the electron microscopic TUNEL stain.
Acetone/pharmacology ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cadmium/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; *In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Lung/*cytology/*injuries/pathology/*ultrastructure ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Pulmonary Alveoli/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Time Factors

BACKGROUND: Platelet refractoriness has been reported to occur in 30-70% of multitransfused patients. This can result by either immune or nonimmune mechanisms. The predominant immune cause of platelet refractoriness is alloimmunization to HLA class I antigens. Recently, acid-treated platelets have been used in a few patients with platelet refractoriness due to HLA alloantibodies. However, the effect of acid-treated platelets has not been consistent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo survival of acid-treated, HLA-eluted platelets in HLA-immunized rabbits. METHODS: For in vivo survival test, 14 New Zealand White rabbits were studied. Four rabbits were in the nonimmunized control and 10 were immunized by weekly transfusions of human pooled platelets for six weeks. The HLA-immunized group was separated into two groups with transfusion of acid-treated platelets and untreated platelets. The survival of transfused platelets in rabbits with immunization and control group was estimated by a flow cytometer using FITC-labeled anti-CD42a. We also examined the HLA re-expression in acid-treated platelets due to regeneration and adsorption of HLA from human plasma. RESLUTS: The half-life of untreated platelets in nonimmunized rabbits was 11.8 +/- 3.7 hr. The half-life of acid-treated platelets in rabbits with HLA antibodies was 9.5 +/- 5.5 hr and the half-life of untreated platelets in rabbits with HLA antibodies was 5.9 +/- 2.9 hr. The difference between untreated platelets in the nonimmunized control group and acid-treated platelets in rabbits with HLA antibodies was statistically insignificant (p=0.221). Re-expression of HLA-A,B,C by endogenous resynthesis occurred continuously, and after 24 hrs it reached 84% of pre-elution level. Adsorption of HLA antigens from human plasma was completed within four hrs. CONCLUSIONS: Acid-treated, HLA-eluted platelets may be applicable for the patients with refractoriness to platelet transfusion, especially, in case of unavailability of HLA-compatible donors and fatal bleeding such as intracranial hemorrhage and pulmonary hemorrhage. However, the post-transfusion increment of the platelet count could not be maintained over 24 hrs because of the endogenous resynthesis of HLA antigens.
Adsorption ; Antibodies ; Blood Platelets ; Half-Life ; Hemorrhage ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I ; HLA Antigens ; Humans ; Immunization ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; Isoantibodies ; Plasma ; Platelet Count ; Platelet Transfusion ; Rabbits* ; Regeneration ; Tissue Donors

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of our study was to evaluate postoperative mastoid aeration according to the preoperative middle ear disease and investigate the factors affecting it. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the high-resolution computed tomography (CT) scans of temporal bones that were taken 1 year after surgery. The postoperative mastoid aeration was evaluated according to the preoperative diagnosis, and classified into three groups: grade 1 (complete mastoid aeration), an air-filled epitympanum and mastoid cavity; grade 2 (partial mastoid aeration), an air-filled epitympanum and partially aerated mastoid cavity; and grade 3 (absence of mastoid aeration), no air space in the mastoid cavity. RESULTS: The overall mastoid aeration rate was 55.8%, with adhesive otitis media accounting for 21.2%, attic cholesteatoma 53.8%, and chronic otitis media 75.4%. The rates of postoperative mastoid aeration were significantly higher in the chronic otitis media cases and attic cholesteatoma cases than in the adhesive otitis media cases. There were 14 cases requiring revision operations due to the development of a retraction pocket in the tympanic membrane. All of the revised cases had grade 3 postoperative mastoid aeration, and underwent canal wall down mastoidectomies. CONCLUSIONS: The degree of postoperative mastoid aeration is associated with the preoperative middle ear disease. When planning a canal wall up mastoidectomy, the surgeon should contemplate the middle ear disease, because a canal wall down mastoidectomy or mastoid obliteration is recommended if the patient has adhesive otitis media.
Adhesives ; Cholesteatoma ; Diagnosis ; Ear, Middle* ; Humans ; Mastoid* ; Otitis Media ; Otologic Surgical Procedures ; Retrospective Studies ; Temporal Bone* ; Tympanic Membrane

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of our study was to evaluate postoperative mastoid aeration according to the preoperative middle ear disease and investigate the factors affecting it. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the high-resolution computed tomography (CT) scans of temporal bones that were taken 1 year after surgery. The postoperative mastoid aeration was evaluated according to the preoperative diagnosis, and classified into three groups: grade 1 (complete mastoid aeration), an air-filled epitympanum and mastoid cavity; grade 2 (partial mastoid aeration), an air-filled epitympanum and partially aerated mastoid cavity; and grade 3 (absence of mastoid aeration), no air space in the mastoid cavity. RESULTS: The overall mastoid aeration rate was 55.8%, with adhesive otitis media accounting for 21.2%, attic cholesteatoma 53.8%, and chronic otitis media 75.4%. The rates of postoperative mastoid aeration were significantly higher in the chronic otitis media cases and attic cholesteatoma cases than in the adhesive otitis media cases. There were 14 cases requiring revision operations due to the development of a retraction pocket in the tympanic membrane. All of the revised cases had grade 3 postoperative mastoid aeration, and underwent canal wall down mastoidectomies. CONCLUSIONS: The degree of postoperative mastoid aeration is associated with the preoperative middle ear disease. When planning a canal wall up mastoidectomy, the surgeon should contemplate the middle ear disease, because a canal wall down mastoidectomy or mastoid obliteration is recommended if the patient has adhesive otitis media.
Adhesives ; Cholesteatoma ; Diagnosis ; Ear, Middle* ; Humans ; Mastoid* ; Otitis Media ; Otologic Surgical Procedures ; Retrospective Studies ; Temporal Bone* ; Tympanic Membrane

OBJECTIVE: To find out the most useful method among three electrodiagnostic tests for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) in patients with diabetic peripheral polyneuropathy (PPN). METHOD: Eighty-three hands out of seventy-four patients who had diabetic PPN and tingling sensation in their hands were included in this study. They were divided into two groups: Group A, PPN with CTS; Group B, PPN only. Fifty-four hands with CTS in patients without diabetes were included as a control group (Group C). Another forty normal hands were also included as a healthy control group (Group D). Clinical and electrophysiologic information was gathered from those subjects. Sensitivity, specificity and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of the three electrodiagnostic tests, namely, the difference between the median nerve latency to the second lumbrical muscle and the ulnar nerve latency to the second interosseous muscle (L-I difference), ratio of distoproximal latency in median sensory nerve (MW ratio), and difference of distoproximal latency in median sensory nerve (MW difference) to diagnose clinical CTS were obtained. RESULTS: The specificity of L-I difference as a diagnostic test for CTS was highest (87.0%). The area of ROC curve of L-I difference was also highest (0.949) among three different electrodiagnostic tests of CTS with diabetic PPN. CONCLUSION: We suggest that L-I difference as the most useful test with highest specificity for the diagnosis of CTS in the patients with diabetic PPN.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ; Diabetic Neuropathies ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Hand ; Humans ; Median Nerve ; Muscles ; Polyneuropathies ; ROC Curve ; Sensation ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Ulnar Nerve

Peduncular hallucinosis that rarely reported in patients with brain stem lesion has several characteristics. The hallucination tends to be vivid, nonstereotypical images of person or animal. All the patients are aware that the hallucination is not part of reality. One of the suggested mechanisms of peduncular hallucinosis is imbalance among the cholinergic, serotonergic and other transmitting systems in the brain stem. We report two cases with typical features of peduncular hallucinosis which appeared about 30 and 12 months after pontine hemorrhage, respectively. We chose antipsychotics and selective serotonergic reuptake inhibitors for their medications, and their hallucinations disappeared about 2 months and 3 weeks after the medication, respectively. We suggest that peduncular hallucinosis should be considered in the patients with pontine hemorrhage if they complain of typical visual hallucinations.
Animals ; Antipsychotic Agents ; Brain Stem ; Hallucinations ; Hemorrhage ; Humans