No abstract available.
Urodynamics*

A randomized, prospective study was conducted between October, 1994 and April, 1996 to compare the efficacy and safety of warfarin (group I) with dextran (group II) for the prevention of DVT after hip arthroplasty. 109 cases in 106 patients were included in the study. There were 60 cases in group I and 49 cases in group IL Risk factor for DVT were analysed before surgery and prophylactic modalities were performed. Color doppler was performed to all patients by one muskuloskeletal radiologist on 5th 8th post operative day and on 6 weeks after operation. DVT occurred in ten ( 16.6% ) of the 60 patients in group I, six ( 12.2% ) of the 49 patients in group II. but, this difference was not significant ( p= 0.582 ). Statistical analysis for the risk factors of age, sex, operation time, anesthetic method and operation method were performed and there were no statistical difference. Only statistical significance was a higher rates of DVT in cemented hip arthroplasty (p=0.028). There were seven proximal thigh DVT and nine calf DVT. We confirmed with sequential color doppler image that all cases of DVT except two complicated cases were resolved within 8 weeks after treatment: one case was expired for the reason of PE, and the other case had thigh hematoma during the treatment with warfarin. We could detect only one case of late onset DVT.
Arthroplasty* ; Dextrans ; Hematoma ; Hip* ; Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Thigh ; Venous Thrombosis* ; Warfarin

OBJECTIVE: 6-Gingerol, one component of ginger (Zingiber officinale) compound, has been known to possess anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-emetic, and anti-cancer effects. In this study, the apoptotic ability of 6-gingerol was investigated in human prostate cancer cells. METHODS: 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, flow cytometry, and western blot analysis were done in LNCaP human prostate cancer cell lines treated with the various doses of 6-gingerol for the different durations of drug exposure. RESULTS: 6-Gingerol in doses ranging from 100 to 300 microM induced dose- and time-dependent inhibition of cell viability in prostate cancer cells by using MTT assay. Maximal inhibition of cell viability was observed at 300 microM of 6-gingerol for 48 hours treatment in LNCaP cells. 6-Gingerol at the dose of 100 microM did not produce any significant change in apoptotic cells in flow cytometry analysis. However, significant increase in sub-G0/G1 phase was observed in cells treated with 200 and 300 microM of 6-gingerol. Any significant cell cycle arrest was not induced by 6-gingerol. In western blotting analysis, expression of caspase-3 was not evident in cells treated with 6-gingerol for 24 hours. However, 48 hours treatment with 6-gingerol altered the expression of caspase-3 in LNCaP cells. Expression of cleaved poly showed the dose-dependent fashion in both 24 hours and 48 hours treatment of 6-gingerol. CONCLUSION: These observations suggest that 6-gingerol may induce apoptosis in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells.
Apoptosis ; Blotting, Western ; Caspase 3 ; Catechols ; Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; Fatty Alcohols ; Flow Cytometry ; Ginger ; Humans ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases ; Prostate ; Prostatic Neoplasms

PURPOSE: Active prevention is an essential component in reducing the development of pressure sores. For the high-risk patient group, following the certified pressure sore screening scale as well as educating the patient and the nurses who care for them can lead to optimal management of these patients. Applying a risk assessment scale along with a prevention strategy can reduce medical costs and length of stays at the hospital. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of a new pressure sore risk assessment scale based on the universally recommended Braden scale and our prevention program. METHODS: From June to August, 2003, our pressure ulcer risk assessment scale was applied to a total of 1882 patients admitted to the experimental group (intensive care unit, neurosurgery, general surgery, and oncology units). It was based on Braden scale. We analysed sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value and ROC curve to evaluate its efficacy. Pressure ulcer prevention program was composed of patient's education using protocol and specific nursing care. The incidence of pressure ulcers was also measured during the 3 months period, and those were compared to the control group of 1789 patients from March to May, 2002. RESULTS: 118(6.27%) of the experimental group were high-risk with an incidence of pressure ulcers measuring 4 (0.21%). Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of our scale were 100%, 94%, 4%, 100%, respectively, and AUC(area under the curve) was 0.992. In the control group, the incidence of pressure ulcers was 11(0.61%). Statistical analyses using chi- squared tests with a significance level of 5%, the results were such that chi-square=3.6482(p=0.0561). The results proved to be statistically significant in borderline. CONCLUSION: The results from this study proved that pressure sore risk assessment scale based on Braden scale has an excellent efficacy, and shows that our pressure ulcer prevention program is partially effective in reducing pressure ulcer incidence.
Education ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mass Screening ; Neurosurgery ; Nursing Care ; Pressure Ulcer* ; Risk Assessment* ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity

PURPOSE: We hypothesize that bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) may act through the regulation of various isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) [inducible (iNOS), endothelial (eNOS), and neuronal (nNOS)] genes and proteins expressions in rat bladder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adult female Sprague Dawley rats (200-250g) were injected into the urinary bladder transurethrally with BCG (22 rats) or saline (22 control rats) and after 2, 4, 6, and 12 hrs, and 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 days, the bladders were harvested. Normal and BCG-treated rat bladders were analyzed for mRNA expressions for iNOS, eNOS, and nNOS by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT- PCR). Protein expressions were determined by Western blotting analysis and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: mRNA expression for iNOS was induced after 2 hrs of BCG injection in the rat bladder. Gene expression for iNOS was highest at 6 hrs and followed by decreased expression from 1 day, reaching its lowest level at 5 days. eNOS mRNA expression was detected in control bladders but its level was higher in the BCG-treated animals. nNOS mRNA expression was present in all the samples but did not change after BCG treatment. Western blotting analysis confirmed these findings. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that eNOS was present mainly in endothelium, while iNOS was detected in stroma and inflammatory cells, and nNOS in epithelium and smooth muscle of rat bladder. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates that BCG treatment up-regulates gene and protein expressions of iNOS and eNOS in rat bladders, suggesting that BCG action may be mediated through NOS pathways.
Adult ; Animals ; Bacillus* ; Blotting, Western ; Endothelium ; Epithelium ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Muscle, Smooth ; Mycobacterium bovis ; Neurons ; Nitric Oxide Synthase* ; Nitric Oxide* ; Protein Isoforms ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; RNA, Messenger ; Urinary Bladder*

Hemangiomas of the bladder are a rare but recognized cause of gross hematuria. In many cases, the tumor shows the characteristics of an iceberg, with considerable extravesical extension making endoscopic management less suitable. In spite of its benign nature, bladder hemangioma may grow continuously, and spontaneous regression is rare. They need to be adequately treated to avoid recurrent fatal hematuria and appropriately followed up to detect recurrency or persistency. We report a case of cavernous hemangioma of the bladder in 26-year-old woman, who presented recurrent gross hematuria and was treated with partial cystectomy.
Adult ; Cystectomy ; Female ; Hemangioma ; Hemangioma, Cavernous* ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Ice Cover ; Urinary Bladder*

Bladder injury is a rare complication of inguinal herniorrhaphy. Infants less than 6 months old may be more at risk because the medial aspect of indirect inguinal hernia sacs are associated closely with the wall of bladder (bladder ear). We report a case of injured bladde. ear during inguinal herniorrhaphy.
Ear* ; Hernia, Inguinal ; Herniorrhaphy ; Humans ; Infant ; Urinary Bladder*

Among developmental abnormalities of the upper urinary tracts, duplication of the upper urinary tract is a relatively common finding, while triplication of the pelvis and ureter is a rare finding. Furthermore, quadruplication of the upper urinary tract is exceedingly unusual. We present a case of unilateral incomplete quadruplicated ureter that was associated with ipsilateral ectopic ureteral orifice and renal dysplasia.
Pelvis ; Ureter* ; Urinary Tract

Retrocaval ureter is a congenital venous anomaly, in which the ureter passes behind and is compassed by inferior vena cava. We experienced a case of multiple urothelial cell carcinoma in retrocaval ureter in 68 years old male. He was treated with transurethral resection of bladder tumor and right nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff excision.
Aged ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Humans ; Male ; Retrocaval Ureter* ; Ureter ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Vena Cava, Inferior

PURPOSE: The significance of constitutive apoptosis in the development and progression of transitional ceil carcinoma of the bladder has yet to be investigated. The wild type p53 gene is known to play a significant role in apoptosis. Therefore, mutation of p53 gene, which correlates closely with p53 protein overexpression, would be predicted to limit apoptosis. We evlauated the prognostic significance of apoptosis and the relationship between apoptosis and mutant p53 overexpression in transitional cell carcinoma of bladder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The extent of apoptosis was determined by TUNEL(terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated biotinylated deoxyuridine-triphosphate nick end labeling) stain in 64 paraffin embedded tissue of primacy transitional cell carcinoma specimens. Also, the level of p53 overexpression was determined immunohistochemically on the same tissue. RESULTS: Although the incidence of apoptosis increased with increasing tumor grade, the difference in indices between grade II and grade III failed to reach statistical significance. The mean apoptotic index(AI) of grade I tumors was significantly lower than that of grade III tumors(p=0.0023). The apoptotic index was not related to p53 overexpression, T(tumor)-category, growth type of tumors and also there was no significant difference in disease-free survival between the bladder tumors with high as opposed to low apoptotic index. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that AI is related to histological grade in transitional cell bladder tumor, while AI hardly has any independent prognostic significance.
Apoptosis* ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell* ; Disease-Free Survival ; DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase ; Genes, p53 ; Incidence ; Paraffin ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder*