No abstract available.
Urodynamics*

A randomized, prospective study was conducted between October, 1994 and April, 1996 to compare the efficacy and safety of warfarin (group I) with dextran (group II) for the prevention of DVT after hip arthroplasty. 109 cases in 106 patients were included in the study. There were 60 cases in group I and 49 cases in group IL Risk factor for DVT were analysed before surgery and prophylactic modalities were performed. Color doppler was performed to all patients by one muskuloskeletal radiologist on 5th 8th post operative day and on 6 weeks after operation. DVT occurred in ten ( 16.6% ) of the 60 patients in group I, six ( 12.2% ) of the 49 patients in group II. but, this difference was not significant ( p= 0.582 ). Statistical analysis for the risk factors of age, sex, operation time, anesthetic method and operation method were performed and there were no statistical difference. Only statistical significance was a higher rates of DVT in cemented hip arthroplasty (p=0.028). There were seven proximal thigh DVT and nine calf DVT. We confirmed with sequential color doppler image that all cases of DVT except two complicated cases were resolved within 8 weeks after treatment: one case was expired for the reason of PE, and the other case had thigh hematoma during the treatment with warfarin. We could detect only one case of late onset DVT.
Arthroplasty* ; Dextrans ; Hematoma ; Hip* ; Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Thigh ; Venous Thrombosis* ; Warfarin

OBJECTIVE: 6-Gingerol, one component of ginger (Zingiber officinale) compound, has been known to possess anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-emetic, and anti-cancer effects. In this study, the apoptotic ability of 6-gingerol was investigated in human prostate cancer cells. METHODS: 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, flow cytometry, and western blot analysis were done in LNCaP human prostate cancer cell lines treated with the various doses of 6-gingerol for the different durations of drug exposure. RESULTS: 6-Gingerol in doses ranging from 100 to 300 microM induced dose- and time-dependent inhibition of cell viability in prostate cancer cells by using MTT assay. Maximal inhibition of cell viability was observed at 300 microM of 6-gingerol for 48 hours treatment in LNCaP cells. 6-Gingerol at the dose of 100 microM did not produce any significant change in apoptotic cells in flow cytometry analysis. However, significant increase in sub-G0/G1 phase was observed in cells treated with 200 and 300 microM of 6-gingerol. Any significant cell cycle arrest was not induced by 6-gingerol. In western blotting analysis, expression of caspase-3 was not evident in cells treated with 6-gingerol for 24 hours. However, 48 hours treatment with 6-gingerol altered the expression of caspase-3 in LNCaP cells. Expression of cleaved poly showed the dose-dependent fashion in both 24 hours and 48 hours treatment of 6-gingerol. CONCLUSION: These observations suggest that 6-gingerol may induce apoptosis in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells.
Apoptosis ; Blotting, Western ; Caspase 3 ; Catechols ; Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; Fatty Alcohols ; Flow Cytometry ; Ginger ; Humans ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases ; Prostate ; Prostatic Neoplasms

PURPOSE: The main goals of correcting syndactyly of the hand are to form normal web appearance and to prevent motor dysfunction. We modified the original three-square-flap to improve interdigital web space and to reduce the wound healing problem due to tension. METHODS: From July 2005 to February 2006, three cases of moderate to minor syndactyly were treated using modified three-square-flap. These flaps were made in such as way that the A flap from dorsal side, the B flap from the interdigital surface, and the C flap from the volar side. We modified the design of dorsal A flap as a hourglass shape instead of square shape to make normal hourglass shaped interdigital web and to reduce the tension of closure with other two flaps(B and C flap). The B and C flap were made as square shape. RESULTS: During 4 to 10 months follow-up period, acceptable esthetic results were obtained without any specific complication, using our modification of the three-square-flap. CONCLUSION: Our method showed more satisfactory web appearance and was safe to use even in the cases of syndactyly secondary to burns and post- traumatic scars because of excellent blood circulation.
Blood Circulation ; Burns ; Cicatrix ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hand ; Syndactyly* ; Wound Healing

In the microsurgical era, replantation with microvascular anastomosis is considered as the most superior method in aspects of texture, color, shape in case of nose amputation. There are some reported cases of replantation in nose amputation historically, but most of them are composite graft cases rather than microvascular anastomosis. Only a few cases of successful nasal replantation with microvascular anastomosis have been reported due to the reason that the size of vessels is usually very small and identifying suitable vessels for anastomosis is difficult. Microanastomosis of artery and microanastomosis of vein are ideal in replantation, but identifying suitable veins is often difficult. Without venous anastomosis, resolving the venous congestion remains to be a problem. We can carry out arteriovenous shunt if we can find two arteries in amputee. However, the smaller the size of amputee is, the more difficult it is to find two arteries. Instead of arteriovenous shunt, we can try external venous drainage(frequently swab, pin-prick, stab incision, IV or local heparin injection, dropping, apply of heparin-soaked gauze, use of medical leech). Here, we present three cases of replantation with microscopical arterial anastomosis (one angular artery, two dorsal nasal arteries) and external venous drainage (stab incision, application of medical leech and heparin-soaked gauze) even though the size of amputee may be as small as 1.5x1.0 cm. In all cases, surgical outcomes were excellent in cosmetic and functional aspects. This report describes successful replantation by microvasular anastomosis in case that suitable veins are not found.
Amputation* ; Amputees ; Arteries ; Drainage ; Heparin ; Humans ; Hyperemia ; Nose* ; Replantation* ; Transplants ; Veins

PURPOSE: Finger injury by green onion cutting machine is one of the common hand injuries in the kitchen. It has a unique feature: there are multiple parellel laceration 3 -5mm wide. There are two directions of injuries(vertical, oblique). It may involve bone, tendon, nerve, and vessel injuries. We discuss its management and the long -term progress. METHODS: We have treated six patients from 2003 to 2007. We carried out low tension approximation with thin suture materials to avoid ischemia and performed the additional operation as nail bed repair, tenorrhaphy, open reduction, vessel anastomosis, and composite graft. We reviewed the record of initial injury and collected the follow-up record. RESULTS: They were all middle aged - women who had worked in the kitchen. Right hand was dominent over left hand. The ratio of the directions was 3:3 (vertical:oblique). They were all competely healed although there were three atrophy, four hyperesthesia, and one nail deformity. CONCLUSION: Finger injury by green onion cutting machine is a unique pattern of laceration with various accompanied injuries. It may look like a severe form of injury, but in most cases have relatively favorable progress. We have to perform careful examination of accompanied injuries and carry out the proper management. First and foremost, the user especially in the middle aged women should be warned to be careful in handling this risky machine.
Atrophy ; Female ; Finger Injuries ; Fingers ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glycosaminoglycans ; Hand ; Hand Injuries ; Handling (Psychology) ; Humans ; Hyperesthesia ; Ischemia ; Lacerations ; Middle Aged ; Nails ; Onions ; Sutures ; Tendons ; Transplants

No abstract available.
Chin* ; Humans ; Membranes* ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Neoplasms* ; RNA, Messenger* ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase*

PURPOSE: We hypothesize that bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) may act through the regulation of various isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) [inducible (iNOS), endothelial (eNOS), and neuronal (nNOS)] genes and proteins expressions in rat bladder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adult female Sprague Dawley rats (200-250g) were injected into the urinary bladder transurethrally with BCG (22 rats) or saline (22 control rats) and after 2, 4, 6, and 12 hrs, and 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 days, the bladders were harvested. Normal and BCG-treated rat bladders were analyzed for mRNA expressions for iNOS, eNOS, and nNOS by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT- PCR). Protein expressions were determined by Western blotting analysis and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: mRNA expression for iNOS was induced after 2 hrs of BCG injection in the rat bladder. Gene expression for iNOS was highest at 6 hrs and followed by decreased expression from 1 day, reaching its lowest level at 5 days. eNOS mRNA expression was detected in control bladders but its level was higher in the BCG-treated animals. nNOS mRNA expression was present in all the samples but did not change after BCG treatment. Western blotting analysis confirmed these findings. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that eNOS was present mainly in endothelium, while iNOS was detected in stroma and inflammatory cells, and nNOS in epithelium and smooth muscle of rat bladder. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates that BCG treatment up-regulates gene and protein expressions of iNOS and eNOS in rat bladders, suggesting that BCG action may be mediated through NOS pathways.
Adult ; Animals ; Bacillus* ; Blotting, Western ; Endothelium ; Epithelium ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Muscle, Smooth ; Mycobacterium bovis ; Neurons ; Nitric Oxide Synthase* ; Nitric Oxide* ; Protein Isoforms ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; RNA, Messenger ; Urinary Bladder*

PURPOSE: Predicting the change in breast size for a specific patient's need is a challenging problem in breast augmentation. We intended to investigate the post-augmentation degree of breast size according to the size of cohesive silicone gel implant. METHODS: To predict post-augmentation breast size, we measured 100 patients' pre-and postoperative 3 month's bust circumference. All patients were performed by total subfascial breast augmentation with moderate profile cohesive silicone gel implant through areolar omega (transareolar-perinipple) incision. RESULTS: According to this study, each additional one pair of 100mL in implant size yielded an approximate 1.5cm increase in bust circumference(p=0.006). CONCLUSION: From this result, we conclude that each additional one pair of 100mL in implant volume yielded about 1.5cm increase in bust circumference. Although this result may not be applied to every patient, we believe that it yields a practical chart that can help to predict the amount of increase in breast size with the use of cohesive silicone gel implant of a specific size preoperatively.
Breast ; Humans ; Silicone Gels

Purpose: The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a peptide that has diverse biologic actions in human tissue and is thought to contribute to tumor development and progression. Increased TGF-beta1 levels were found in several types of malignant tumors. TGF-beta1 expression in RCC and adjacent normal kidney tissues was examined to determine the TGF-beta1 in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The TGF-beta1 protein levels in cancer and a normal portion of a specimen were analyzed in 61 radical nephrectomized clear cell type RCC by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), with the results compared with the clinicopathological characteristics. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to localize their expression. RESULTS: Compared with non-tumor kidney specimens, primary renal cell carcinoma demonstrated a significantly higher TGF-beta1 protein level (p<0.001). There were significant differences in the TGF-beta1 level among the histological grade (p<0.01). The tissue TGF-beta1 level was the highest in T4 stage, but there was no statistical significance between the T stages. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that TGF-beta1 was localized to the tumor cytoplasm and their intensity reflected the protein expression level in these tissues. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that enhanced TGF-beta1 expression contributes to carcinogenesis and tumor progression in the later stages of renal cell carcinoma.
Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Cytoplasm ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Kidney ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1