The various and serious types of disaster occur everyday and everywhere on the earth. There is no doubt that it is very timely to discuss about the effectiveness and preparedness of disaster. The purpose of this study is to develop a curriculum on the disaster management through reviewing disaster concepts and the disaster management system. For the empirical relevance of the study, researchers participated in a couple or more disaster training program, reviewed references, and consulted to the experts working on action parts in the area. As a result, the 'Integrated Disaster Management System Model(IDMSM)' was designed, in which four dimensions were explained. Then the 'Disaster Curriculum Model(DCM)' was explored with its theoretical framework based on the system model. The developed curriculum is composed of four levels ; the introductory course, the fundamental course, the advanced course, and the expert course. From this DCM, basically the course-outlines of two subjects in the introductory course, 18 subjects in the fundamental course(5 of direct services, 13 of indirect services) were developed. Also each course-outline was explored by its course objective, learning objectives, contents, and its length. Finally to make the most of the results, suggestions are proposed. The governmental considerations on the policy should support the systematic and integrated educational program to practice, appointing [Disaster School] or [Disaster Training Center] of relevance and accountabilities. The further study should explore the higher levels of the DCM through interdisciplinary efforts, and develop the text materials. The further study should explore the higher levels of the DCM through interdisciplinary efforts, and develop the text materials.
Curriculum* ; Disasters* ; Education ; Learning

Primary central nervous system atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors are rare and extremely aggressive malignancies of early childhood. These tumors are most common in infants less than 2 years of age. Diagnosis is based on distinctive light microscopic and immunohistochemical findings, coupled with a molecular genetic analysis. A histologic features of these tumors are epithelial and/or mesenchymal components in addition to rhabdoid, with or without neuroepithelial fields. The expression of the epithelial membrane antigen, vimentin, and the smooth muscle actin are characteristic of these tumors. Treatment includes surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Prognosis is poor despite of an aggressive therapy. We report one case of an atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor in a young child. She is an 18 month-old-girl who presented with central type facial palsy. After extensive surgery she improved transiently but relapsed immediately. Her condition was not permitted to receive radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Thereafter, with phrenic nerve palsy, she suffered from recurrent episodes of pneumonia and respiratory difficulties. Finaly, she was expired three months after the diagnosis and treatment.
Actins ; Central Nervous System ; Cerebellum* ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Facial Paralysis ; Humans ; Infant ; Molecular Biology ; Mucin-1 ; Muscle, Smooth ; Paralysis ; Phrenic Nerve ; Pneumonia ; Prognosis ; Radiotherapy ; Vimentin

PURPOSE: The aim of study was to compare the differentiation capacity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) obtained from human bone marrow (BM) according to the age of the donors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MSCs were isolated from the BM of young (n=16, 12.5+/-5.8 years) and elder (n=4, 48.5+/-7.2 years) patients with the consent of them. We analyzed the cell morphology and the cell surface markers of the MSCs. In addition, we assessed the cell senescence with serial cultures from both age groups. Cell pluripotentiality was analyzed by osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic induction media. We performed RT-PCR, a measurement of expression of alkaline phosphatase, and staining with von Kossa, safranin O, and oil red O stain. RESULTS: All of the MSC samples tested, irrespective of the age of the donors, MSCs were all successfully isolated from twenty bone marrows. However, the number of cells of from the young donors was five times greater than that of the elderly donors. Senescence was observed over 10 passages in both age groups. The immunophenotypes of both age groups showed similar patterns. MSCs obtained from young and older donors showed the potential to differentiate into osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages with no difference for both age groups. CONCLUSION: Our study supports that age does not influence the pluripotential capacity of human BM derived MSCs.
Aged ; Aging* ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Bone Marrow* ; Cell Aging ; Humans* ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells* ; Tissue Donors