PURPOSE: The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) is generally self- administrated; however, it is doubtful that the self-administrated IPSS score correctly reflects patients' symptoms; therefore, the difference in the IPSS self-administrated score and physician-interviewed patients was studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 202 patients completed two IPSS questionnaires during the same office visit, one by self-administration and the other by physician-interview, at two medical centers, one located in an urban area and the other in a rural area. The mean total symptom score and the score for each question, and the quality of life score were compared between the two modes of administration. A multi-logistical regression analysis was performed to identify differences due to the effects of age, the order of administration, location and educational level. RESULTS: The mean total symptom score and quality of life score were higher in the self-administrated than physician-interviewed group (14.16 vs. 13.07, p=0.001, 3.27 vs. 3.2, p=0.090). The residual sense (2.03 vs. 1.97, p=0.20), frequency (2.07 vs. 1.97, p=0.026), interruption (1.83 vs. 1.61, p=0.002), urgency (1.89 vs. 1.55, p=0.001), weak stream (2.74 vs. 2.60, p=0.042), hesitancy (1.77 vs. 1.59, p=0.005) and nocturia (1.82 vs. 1.77, p=0.12) were also higher in the self-administrated group. The multi- logistical regression analysis revealed statistically significant differences in relation to age and location. CONCLUSIONS: The self-administrated IPSS score was higher than the physician-interview score, especially in relation to an older age and an urban location. Therefore, active intervention should be considered during the administration of the IPSS, especially for old aged patients living in urban areas.
Humans ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms* ; Nocturia ; Office Visits ; Prostate* ; Quality of Life ; Questionnaires ; Rivers ; Urinary Tract

Sleep disorders are very common among pediatric patients. Its prevalence is between 10% and 45% in preschool- and school-aged children. However parents commonly do not concern about their children's sleeping habits and for many pediatricians, there is not part of the routine office visit about a childs sleep. Sleep disorders were classified by International Classification of Sleep Disorder (ICSD) as dyssomnias, parasomnias, sleep disorders associated with mental, neurologic, or other medical disorders, and proposed sleep disorders. There are lots of differences in the causes, manifestations, and managements of sleep disorders between children and adults. The sleep disorders in childhood may manifest themselves as bedtime resistance, refusal to go to bed at a parentally described time, sleep-onset delay, inability to fall asleep within a reasonable time, prolonged nighttime awakening, and inability to return to sleep without assistance after waking during the night, and so have wide-ranging influences on children's behavior, mood, school performance, and family life. It's very important for pediatrician to concern about the sleep disturbances in childhood and so the problems of sleep in children should be early detected and managed.
Adult ; Child ; Classification ; Disulfiram ; Dyssomnias ; Humans ; Office Visits ; Parasomnias ; Parents ; Prevalence ; Sleep Wake Disorders*

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to explore the usability of a feature selection method based on the mutual information theory to increase predictive performance of a classifier in data mining. METHODS: The HIV Cost and Services Utilization Study(HCSUS) dataset was used to apply the feature selection method to a classifier. Its contribution to increasing the predictive performance of the classifier was evaluated by comparing the Naive Bayes(NB) and the Logistic Regression(LG) models using different variables. The infrequent office visit representing limited health service utilization was selected as an outcome variable. HUGIN Researcher(TM) 6.3 was used to train and test the NB models and SAS(R) 8.0 was used for the LG modeling. RESULTS: Higher AUC in the NB model was obtained using the variables selected by the mutual information based feature selection method(AUC=.639, CI=.611, .660); lower AUC using the variables defined by a previous study(AUC=.599, CI=.570, .620). There was no difference between the LG models with different variables. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the mutual information method may be useful in identifying relevant predictors as the feature selection method, which can contribute to an increase in the predictive performance of a classifier.
Area Under Curve ; Data Mining ; Dataset ; Health Services ; HIV ; Information Theory* ; Office Visits

Recent changes in American and European guidelines on the management of arterial hypertension have caused a considerable shift in the landscape of hypertension management. The 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association/American Society of Hypertension guideline recommends an office visit blood pressure (BP) > 130/80 mmHg as the new threshold for diagnosis of hypertension, and states that the treatment goal for all hypertensive patients should be lowered to < 130/80 mmHg. In contrast, the 2018 European guideline maintains the diagnostic threshold of hypertension at 140/90 mmHg. However, despite their differences in thresholds for diagnosis of hypertension, both guidelines are in agreement that treatment should be considered in patients with BPs in the range of 130 to 139/80 to 89 mmHg if they have high cardiovascular risk. The results from the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) study and recent meta-analyses suggest that BP lowering with antihypertensive treatment may be beneficial in reducing cardiovascular event rates in subjects with high-normal BP or stage 1 hypertension according to the new American guideline. However, intensive BP lowering is associated with increased incidence of treatment-associated adverse events, and evidence suggests that BP lowering below 120/70 mmHg increases the risk of cardiovascular events. In this review, we discuss the evidence supporting antihypertensive treatment in subjects with high-normal BP and discuss the specific subgroup of subjects that might benefit from BP lowering.
Blood Pressure* ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Diagnosis ; Heart ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Office Visits ; Risk Assessment*

Comprehensive education is the cornerstone of diabetes management. However, in Korea, diabetes education is constrained by short office visits. This article intends to introduce various educational strategies, particularly regarding diet style modification, that can be employed in the time-limited outpatient setting to improve diabetes management. Instructing patients to reduce their intake of carbohydrates, the predominant nutrient consumed in a traditional Korean diet, may be beneficial. The use of novel educational technologies or the introduction of new healthy diet plans may also help.
Carbohydrates ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diet* ; Diet, Diabetic ; Education* ; Educational Technology ; Humans ; Korea ; Nutrition Therapy ; Office Visits ; Outpatients

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of outpatient cost-sharing on health care utilization by the elderly. METHODS: The data in this analysis was the health insurance claims data between July 1999 and December 2008 (114 months). The study group was divided into two age groups, namely 60-64 years old and 65-69 years old. This study evaluated the impact of policy change on office visits, the office visits per person, and the percentage of the copayment-paid visits in total visits. Interrupted time series and segmented regression model were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The results showed that outpatient cost-sharing decreased office visits, but it also decreased the percentage of copayment-paid visits, implying that the intensity of care increased. There was little difference in the results between the two age groups. But after the introduction of the coinsurance system for those patients under age 65, office visits and the percentage of copayment-paid visits decreased, and the 60-64 years old group had a larger decrease than the 65-69 years old group. CONCLUSIONS: This study evaluated the effects of outpatient cost-sharing on health care utilization by the aged. Cost sharing of the elderly had little effect on controlling health care utilization.
Age Factors ; Aged ; Cost Sharing/*economics ; Health Services/*economics ; Humans ; Insurance Claim Review ; Middle Aged ; Office Visits/economics

BACKGROUND: Consultation and referral are important characteristics of modern medicine which has become more segmented and more specialized. In particular, they give essential value to family practitioners to coordinate patients accordingly for proper care. This study analyzed the referred patients in family practices under Cheonan practice based-research network (CPBRN). METHODS: The data was collected via questionnaire in ten family clinics under CPBRN system during the four weeks from June 15, 2006 to July 12, 2006. RESULTS: The total number of referred cases was 103 (0.7%) out of a total of 14,466 office visits. Among the total, 68.9% of referred cases was physician-drived and 31.1% was patient-requested. The reason for referral were 'to get a second opinion of specialist' (34), 'high severity' (20), 'lack of examination tool' (18), 'lack of skill' (10) and 'no response to treatment' (2) in physician-drived cases, whereas in patient-requested cases, they were 'request for advanced hospital' (26) and 'want to meet specialist' (2). The patients were referred to tertiary hospital in 66.7%, secondary hospital in 15.9%, and other specialists of primary setting in 10.1%. Overall, 66.7% of the referred hospital was located in the city area. The main health problems of referred patients was divided into 'gastrointestinal' (17.5%), 'musculoskeletal' (13.6%), 'dermatology' (10.7%) and so on. The speciality consulting physicians were 'internal medicine' (34%), 'pediatrics' (13.6%), and 'orthopedic surgery' (10.7%) specialists. CONCLUSION: The referral rate of family practice in Korea was 0.7%. The main reason for referral was 'to get a secondary opinion of a specialist'. The most common referral problem was 'gastrointestinal'. 'Internal medicine' was the most frequently consulted specialty.
Chungcheongnam-do* ; Family Practice ; History, Modern 1601- ; Humans ; Korea ; Office Visits ; Referral and Consultation* ; Specialization ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: Consultation and referral are important characteristics of modern medicine which has become more segmented and more specialized. In particular, they give essential value to family practitioners to coordinate patients accordingly for proper care. This study analyzed the referred patients in family practices under Cheonan practice based-research network (CPBRN). METHODS: The data was collected via questionnaire in ten family clinics under CPBRN system during the four weeks from June 15, 2006 to July 12, 2006. RESULTS: The total number of referred cases was 103 (0.7%) out of a total of 14,466 office visits. Among the total, 68.9% of referred cases was physician-drived and 31.1% was patient-requested. The reason for referral were 'to get a second opinion of specialist' (34), 'high severity' (20), 'lack of examination tool' (18), 'lack of skill' (10) and 'no response to treatment' (2) in physician-drived cases, whereas in patient-requested cases, they were 'request for advanced hospital' (26) and 'want to meet specialist' (2). The patients were referred to tertiary hospital in 66.7%, secondary hospital in 15.9%, and other specialists of primary setting in 10.1%. Overall, 66.7% of the referred hospital was located in the city area. The main health problems of referred patients was divided into 'gastrointestinal' (17.5%), 'musculoskeletal' (13.6%), 'dermatology' (10.7%) and so on. The speciality consulting physicians were 'internal medicine' (34%), 'pediatrics' (13.6%), and 'orthopedic surgery' (10.7%) specialists. CONCLUSION: The referral rate of family practice in Korea was 0.7%. The main reason for referral was 'to get a secondary opinion of a specialist'. The most common referral problem was 'gastrointestinal'. 'Internal medicine' was the most frequently consulted specialty.
Chungcheongnam-do* ; Family Practice ; History, Modern 1601- ; Humans ; Korea ; Office Visits ; Referral and Consultation* ; Specialization ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVE: We sought to identify whether the characteristics of long-term visit-to-visit blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) are related to baseline cognitive profiles in, Parkinson’s disease (PD). METHODS: We selected drug-naïve PD patients who visited our hospital at least 10 times with a baseline assessment of the Seoul neuropsychological battery. BP and HR were measured at each visit, and the variability of the systolic BP/diastolic BP (DBP) and HR was derived from the parameters of serial 10 office visits. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in PD patients was determined according to the proposed criteria with a cut-off value of z-score ≤ -2. RESULTS: Forty-seven patients with PD (mean follow-up duration = 22.3 months) were enrolled in the study. Compared with non-MCI PD patients, MCI PD patients revealed a significant increase in HR and/or variability in DBP. CONCLUSION: This exploratory study showed that baseline cognition in drug-naïve PD patients might be related to the visit-to-visit variability of DBP and/or HR.
Blood Pressure* ; Cognition* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Rate* ; Heart* ; Humans ; Mild Cognitive Impairment ; Office Visits ; Parkinson Disease* ; Seoul

Delivery of Health Care ; Humans ; Office Visits ; Physician-Patient Relations ; Quality Assurance, Health Care ; Residence Characteristics ; Singapore ; Time Factors