The purposes of this study were to investigate importance level and performance frequency of the dietitians' duties and task elements, to examine the actual condition of education and need for education, to analyze the interrelation between their tasks and education, and to provide the direction of education for the contracted Business & Industry (B & I) foodservice dietitians. The task elements of receiving, ordering, HACCP management and directing serving process were done almost every day. In terms of the importance of tasks, food sanitation management, personnel sanitation management, receiving and ordering were high. Meanwhile, the computerization of their works was being carried out on the whole, showing a higher frequency in all the details of procurement management and accounting management, as well as task elements such as menu planning, leftover and food waste management, HACCP management and human resource management. In the past three years, HACCP management, cost management, planning work schedule and allotting a task, general business and sale bond management were increased most and rapidly. For the actual condition of education, dietitians got more education for the duty of sanitation, safe and facility/utility management than any other duty, while they did less education of procurement management and office management than others. Meanwhile, the education for sanitation, safe and facility/utility management and accounting management were very much required. For the relationships of frequency of duty and the necessity of education, seven task elements including food sanitation management were correlated positively. Eighteen tasks besides menu planning had a significant positive correlation between the importance of duties and the necessity of education.
Accounting ; Appointments and Schedules ; Commerce ; Contracts ; Humans ; Menu Planning ; Office Management ; Personnel Management ; Sanitation ; Waste Management

The purposes of this research were to examine the effect of the catering company's dietetic internship program through a self-evaluating ability test about management performance between pre and post internship programs and consequently to suggest improvement in the internship program. In this study, two types of questionnaires were conducted in July and October 2006, targeting 41 dietetic interns who trained in a 6 months internship program. Except the 4 dropped interns, data from 37 interns were collected and used for statistical analysis, using the SPSS Win 11.0 version. The results of this study were as follows: First of all, the analysis on the effect of the internship program according to classified management segments showed significant improvements in the following order: purchase management (p < 0.001), computer program management (p < 0.001), facilities management (p < 0.001), accounting management (p < 0.01), personnel management (p < 0.01), retention management (p < 0.01), sanitation management (p < 0.01), service management (p < 0.01) and foodservice management (p < 0.01). However, there was no significantly improvement in management of clients. Secondly, the result of the analysis on the details of each management segment that were significant improvement and changing score was the top 5 duties were as follows: In the purchase management, the score of weekly and daily order management was increased 1.0 (p < 0.001), the score of weekly inventory management was 0.81 (p < 0.001). In the computation office management, expenses handling through a computer program was 0.65 (p < 0.01). In the personnel management, the score of work schedule management increased 0.81 (p < 0.001). In the accounting management, the score of monthly profit and loss account management was 0.65 (p < 0.001). Furthermore, qualified educational programs connected with the internship program will have to be systematically developed and continually carried out in order to improve service and management abilities of branch managers.
Appointments and Schedules ; Internship and Residency* ; Office Management ; Personnel Management ; Sanitation ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Currently, many computer systems are used in many areas of medicine including radiation oncology. For the most part, the computer system has proved to be useful in radiotherapeutic planning and dose calculation. There has been attempts to develop computer system including information management of patients, patient tracing, and office automation in radiation oncology department. But some of these available commercial systems have shortcomings. We developed a management system of patients in our radiation oncology department that integrated most of items for the evaluation of patents. In particular, the data were stored in a natural language (noncoded) and made themselves easily understandable by all clinical groups. In addition, the data could be isolated in files from which the computer could generate graphs and static data by the use of some simple commands. The system provided us with not only the functions of case review but functions of preparation of conferences, lectures and resident teaching.
Computer Systems ; Congresses as Topic ; Humans ; Information Management ; Lectures ; Office Automation ; Radiation Oncology*

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the study was to understand how family physicians managed their primary health care centers and to identify the factors for successful management of their privative clinics. METHODS: The data was collected through individual interviews from five family physicians who operated their private clinics. All interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed into verbatim data. The data was analyzed using qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: Three major categories were identified: 1) types of physician based on major value as a doctor; 2) difficulties in operation and management; 3) desirable operating strategies for success. The first category described what kinds of value the physicians pursued as they operated their private clinics. Two different types were identified. One was intrinsic value oriented and the other was extrinsic value oriented. The second category illustrated many difficulties that family physicians faced in operating and managing their private clinics. Lack of private time, social isolation, and gap between mission and reality of practice were identified as major difficulties. Desirable strategies for the successful management were four subcategories: location; self-oriented developmental plan; specialization of the services; and activating network with larger hospitals. CONCLUSION: The results of the study would be helpful in setting up and operating private clinics through understanding the difficulties and strategies of primary physicians and recognizing mission and major value of them.
Humans ; Missions and Missionaries ; Office Management ; Physicians, Family ; Primary Health Care ; Private Practice ; Qualitative Research ; Social Isolation ; Workplace

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the process of overcoming the intention toward turnover experienced by career nurses. METHODS: Data were collected from 10 career nurses though in-depth interviews about their experiences. The main question was "How do you describe your experience of the process of overcoming intention to turnover as a career nurse?" Qualitative data from field and transcribed notes were analyzed using Strauss & Corbin's grounded theory methodology. RESULTS: From the participants' statement, 127 concepts, 34 subcategories and 13 categories were extracted through the open coding process. The core category was discovered to be 'back to the original place'. Phenomenon was identified as 'reached the threshold that cannot be withstood' and this series of process was categorized as having four stages: 'conflict', 'meditation', 'discovery' and 'conquest'. There were three types of overcoming turnover intention in career nurses, 'adjustment', 'compromise', 'self-led'. CONCLUSION: The results of this study produced useful information about the needs of career nurses during the process of overcoming turnover intention based on their stage and overcoming types of turnover intension. Ultimately this study may help decrease the turnover intention of career nurses.
Clinical Coding ; Intention

Medical images wit high resolution are coded to be archived communicated in PACS. In this pater, we have studied on coding of Cardio-Angiography. Our coding technique is method is Subband-Vector Quantization. This technique is irreversible coding method. This technique's objects are removing blocking artifact and edge degradation, adapting for drastic image change because of dye injection, and fast decoding, We achieved good results for Cardio-Angiography data, but the study on more sophisticated motion estimation techniques and VQ techniques must be performed.
Artifacts ; Clinical Coding* ; Statistics as Topic

More than 7,000 rare Mendelian diseases have been reported, but less than half of all rare monogenic disorders has been discovered. In addition, the majority of mutations that are known to cause Mendelian disorders are located in protein-coding regions. Therefore, exome sequencing is an efficient strategy to selectively sequence the coding regions of the human genome to identify novel genes associated with rare genetic disorders. The "exome" represents all of the exons in the human genome, constituting about 1.5% of the human genome. Exome sequencing is carried out by targeted capture and intense parallel sequencing. After the first report of successful exome sequencing for the identification of causal genes and mutations in Freeman Sheldon syndrome, exome sequencing has become a standard approach to identify genes in rare Mendelian disorders. Exome sequencing is also used to search the causal genes and variants in complex diseases. The successful use of exome sequencing in Mendelian disorders and complex diseases will facilitate the development of personalized genomic medicine.
Clinical Coding ; Exome ; Exons ; Genome, Human ; Humans

The authors devdeloped a computer program for automatic coding of ACR (American College of Radiology) code. The automatic coding of the ACR code is essential for computerization of the data in the department of radiology. This program was written in FoxBASE language and has been used for automatic coding of diagnosis in the Deparment of Radiology, Wallace Memorial Baptist Hospital since May 1992. The ACR dictionary files consisted of 11 files, one for the organ code and the others for the pathology code. The organ code was obtained by typing organ name or code number itself among the upper and lower level codes of the selected one that were simultaneously displayed on the screen. According to the first number of the selected organ code. the corresponding pathology code file was chosen augomatically. By the similar fashion of organ code selection, the proper pathologic dode was obtained. An example of obtained ACR code is "131.3661". This procedure was reproducible regardless of the number of fields of data. Bacause this program was written in "User's Defined Function" from, decoding of the stored ACR code was achieved by this same program and incoporation of this program into another data processing program was possible. This program had merits of simple operation, accurate and detail coding, and easy adjustment for another program. Therefore, this program can be used for automation of routine work in the department of radiology.
Automation ; Clinical Coding* ; Diagnosis ; Methods* ; Pathology ; Protestantism

While trauma registries provide the mechanisms to collect comprehensive, timely and accurate data related to the injuries and evaluate trauma care systems, they have not been established in most developing countries. On the other hand, in complex projects that have large aims, a logical framework approach (LFA) can help summarize and describe the multiple branches of the project systematically, and elucidate the main goals, extensive objectives, activities and expected outcomes. Therefore a LFA can be used to design and guide trauma registry project management, to integrate the cultural, clinical and capacity variations among countries; and to ensure early alignment of the project's design and evaluation.
Clinical Coding ; Humans ; Registries ; Wounds and Injuries

This paper focuses on lossless medical image compression methods for medical images that operate on three-dimensional(3-D) irreversible integer wavelet transform. We offer an application of the Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees(SPIHT) algorithm to medical images, using a 3-D wavelet decomposition and a 3-D spatial dependence tree. The wavelet decomposition is accomplished with integer wavelet filters implemented with the lifting method, where careful scaling(square root 2) and truncations keep the integer precision and the transform unitary. We have tested our encoder on volumetric medical images using different integer filters and different coding unit sizes. The coding unit sizes of 16 slices save considerable dynamic memory(RAM) and coding delay from full sequence coding units used in previous works. Results show that, even with these small coding units, our algorithm with certain filters performs as well and better in lossless coding than previous coding systems using 3-D integer wavelet transforms on volumetric medical images.
Clinical Coding ; Data Compression* ; Lifting* ; Wavelet Analysis*