No abstract available.
Humans ; Ocular Motility Disorders*

No abstract available.
Ocular Motility Disorders* ; Tuberculosis, Meningeal*

To investigate whether the slanted medial rectus recession can correct excess esotropia at near without overcorrection at distance and reduce the distance-near deviation difference, we examined 11 convergence excess esotropia patients who had deviation at near exceeding distance esotropia by 15PD or more, and underwent this operation. They composed of 7 partially accommodative esotropia with high AC/A ratio and 4 nonaccommdodative convergence excess esotropia. The surgical procedure consisted of bilateral, symmetrical slanted recession of the medial rectus muscle. The amount of recession of the upper and lower margins were calculated so as to correct the esotropia with correction at distance, and near respectively. The preoperative mean near and distance deviation were 33.8PD and 15PD, and each decreased to 9.2PD and 4.3PD postoperatively. The preoperative mean distance-near deviation difference were 18.8PD, and decreased to 5.4PD postoperatively. The 3 patients decreased over 10PD in the distancenear deviation difference. In conclusion, the surgical procedure, as bilateral slanted medial rectus recession, can correct excess esotropia at near without overcorrection at distance and reduce the distance-near deviation difference. Therefore, the bilateral slanted medial rectus recession may be used as the method of surgical treatment in convergence excess esotropia.
Esotropia* ; Humans ; Ocular Motility Disorders*

Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) is characteristic of lesions of the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) between the third and sixth cranial nerve nucleus. Bilateral INO is due to bilateral lesions of MLF. We present here one case of bilateral INO in tuberculous meningitis.
Abducens Nerve ; Ocular Motility Disorders* ; Tuberculosis, Meningeal

PURPOSE: To measure the ratio of accommodative-convergence to accommodation (AC/A ratio) in patients with pseudodivergence excess type and convergence insufficiency type of intermittent exotropia [X(T)], and to compare with a normal group. METHODS: A total of 55 subjects were divided into 3 groups: pseudodivergence excess type, convergence insufficiency type, and normal group. Age, gender, and refractive error of patients were examined. The deviation angle was measured at near and distance by using a prism cover test, followed by an interpupillary distance measurement. The AC/A ratio was calculated using a heterophoria and a gradient method. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in age, gender, and the refractive errors among the 3 groups. The mean value of AC/A ratio using the heterophoria method was 9.50 in pseudodivergence excess type patients, 2.59 in convergence insufficiency type patients, and 5.47 in the normal group. Using the gradient method, the mean value of AC/A ratio was 1.47, 0.03, and 2.08 in each group, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in mean values between patients with pseudodivergence excess type and the normal group, except when obtained using the gradient method (p = 0.43). CONCLUSIONS: A distinct difference in AC/A ratio existed when computed by the heterophoria method between patients with pseudodivergence excess type or convergence insufficiency type and the normal group. In the gradient method, however, the ratios of convergence insufficiency type patients were lower compared to the normal group, indicating the gradient method is more accurate than the heterophoria method.
Exotropia ; Humans ; Ocular Motility Disorders ; Refractive Errors

PURPOSE: To measure the ratio of accommodative-convergence to accommodation (AC/A ratio) in patients with pseudodivergence excess type and convergence insufficiency type of intermittent exotropia [X(T)], and to compare with a normal group. METHODS: A total of 55 subjects were divided into 3 groups: pseudodivergence excess type, convergence insufficiency type, and normal group. Age, gender, and refractive error of patients were examined. The deviation angle was measured at near and distance by using a prism cover test, followed by an interpupillary distance measurement. The AC/A ratio was calculated using a heterophoria and a gradient method. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in age, gender, and the refractive errors among the 3 groups. The mean value of AC/A ratio using the heterophoria method was 9.50 in pseudodivergence excess type patients, 2.59 in convergence insufficiency type patients, and 5.47 in the normal group. Using the gradient method, the mean value of AC/A ratio was 1.47, 0.03, and 2.08 in each group, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in mean values between patients with pseudodivergence excess type and the normal group, except when obtained using the gradient method (p = 0.43). CONCLUSIONS: A distinct difference in AC/A ratio existed when computed by the heterophoria method between patients with pseudodivergence excess type or convergence insufficiency type and the normal group. In the gradient method, however, the ratios of convergence insufficiency type patients were lower compared to the normal group, indicating the gradient method is more accurate than the heterophoria method.
Exotropia ; Humans ; Ocular Motility Disorders ; Refractive Errors

No abstract available.
Infarction ; Mesencephalon ; Ocular Motility Disorders ; Paralysis

The authors report jerky seesaw nystagmus, extorsional downbeating in the right eye and intorsional upbeating in the left eye, in a patient with right internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO). This pattern of nystagmus may occur by disrupting pathways from contralateral posterior and anterior semicircular canals by a lesion in the medial longitudinal fasciculus. Depending on damage to the pathways from contralateral vertical canals, various patterns of dissociated torsional-vertical nystagmus may accompany INO.
Humans ; Ocular Motility Disorders* ; Semicircular Canals

The authors report jerky seesaw nystagmus, extorsional downbeating in the ipsilesional eye and intorsional upbeating in the contralesional eye, in a patient with internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) from focal pontine lesion. This pattern of nystagmus may occur by disrupting pathways from contralateral posterior and anterior semicircular canals by a lesion in the medial longitudinal fasciculus. Depending on the pathways involved, various patterns of dissociated torsional-vertical nystagmus may accompany INO.
Humans ; Ocular Motility Disorders* ; Semicircular Canals

Internuclear ophthalmoplegia(INO)is a horiwntal ocular motor disturbance caused by a lesion of the medial longitudinal fasciculus. We have experienced a case of bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia associated with exotropia, which revealed the symptom of bilateral impairment of adduction and dissociated nystagmus of the abducting eye on horizontal gaze in either direction. No bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia caused by trauma has yet been reported in this country. Here we report the case of the trauma-related medial longitudinal fasciculus lesion and its pathophysiology along with a literatural review.
Exotropia ; Nystagmus, Pathologic ; Ocular Motility Disorders*