PURPOSE: To examine the effect of stellate ganglion block (SGB) in various types of glaucoma and ocular hypertension. METHODS: The subjects were chosen from patients who visited our hospital for glaucoma and postoperative ocular hypertension in the 6-month period from A to B (Ed-give the dates). SGB was performed one or four times with 15 eyes from four types of glaucoma and postoperative ocular hypertension patients. The intraocular pressure (IOP) of eyes that had undergone SGB was checked after 1 hour following SGB. We investigated the efficacy of SGB on the 15 patients. RESULTS: In primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), early secondary glaucoma and post-operative ocular hypertension, the mean IOP of eyes that had undergone SGB decreased after 1 hour following SGB. However, in primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) and advanced secondary glaucoma, there was a rise in mean IOP after 1 hour following SGB. CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, SGB may be effective in treating POAG, early secondary glaucoma and postoperative ocular hypertension. However, in PACG and advanced secondary glaucoma, SGB may be considered to be harmful treatment modality.
Glaucoma* ; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Ocular Hypertension ; Stellate Ganglion*

In order to assess a possible damage to the corneal endothelium by the increased intraocular pressure, we investigated the 8 eyes of angle closure glaucoma, 10 eyes of ocular hypertension, 20 eyes of primary open angle glaucoma, and 15 normal eyes as a control group. We photographed the central corneal endothelium with a non contact specular microscope and measured the central corneal thickness three times with a Haag-Streit pachymeter. As compared to the normal eyes the glaucomatous eyes and ocular hypertensive eyes showed a statistically significant decrease of central corneal endothelial cell density(p<0.005), but in central corneal thickness there was no statistically significant difference between two. There was a reverse correlation between the intraocular pressure and the central corneal endothelial cell density(p<0.05), but no correlations were seen between the intraocular pressure and the central corneal thickness and between the central corneal endothelial cell density and the central corneal thickness(p>0.1).
Endothelial Cells* ; Endothelium, Corneal ; Glaucoma* ; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Intraocular Pressure ; Ocular Hypertension*

The Iridocycloretraction(ICR) is a new surgical procedure which has been developed by Krasnov to treat the organic closure of the anterior chamber angle. The iris root is forced by two (or more) interposing autoimplants of the patients scleral tissue and the ICR restores the normal access of aqueous to the outflow pathways between the anterior chamber and suprachoroidal space, as in cyclodialysis. Since 1981 we have operated 7 eyes by this ICR operations. The causes of our cases were: 3 cases of aphakic glaucoma, 2 cases of neovascular glaucoma, 1 case of pseudophakic glaucoma and 1 case of complicated glaucoma. The results of the ICR were very effective for lowering the ocular hypertension in all 7 cases. Only two hyphemas were experienced after operation in the neovascular glaucoma.
Anterior Chamber ; Glaucoma ; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure* ; Glaucoma, Neovascular ; Humans ; Hyphema ; Iris ; Ocular Hypertension

Total eight patients(12 eyes) who are suffering from chronic open-angle glaoucoma(7 eyes), Chronic narrow-angle glaucoma (3 eyes) and ocular hypertension (2 eyes) were treated topically with 0.25~0.5% Timoptic ophthalmic solution (Timolol maleate/MSD), and were observed clinically for various periods ranging from 14 days to 120 days. Results are summerized as follows; 1. Timoptic ophthalmic solution is a new effective eye drop to lowering intraocular pressure in patients of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. We re-comformed its effectiveness on intraocular pressure in Korean glaueoma patients. And its average range for the decrease of intraocular pressure was 8 mmHg (5~12mm Hg). 2. In Chronic narrow-angle glaucoma patients, Timoptic Opthalmic solution could be decreased effectivey intraocular pressure as such as open-angle glaucoma patients. 3. Any other complications such as miosis. irritative hyperemia or tearing etc. were not found during the observation period. 4. In uneffective patients with Timoptic alone, other antiglaucoma agents (pilo., Diamox etc) could be used additively with combination of Timoptic.
Acetazolamide ; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure* ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Humans ; Hyperemia ; Intraocular Pressure ; Miosis ; Ocular Hypertension ; Timolol*

To evaluate clinical availability of the Dark Room Prone-position Test (DRPT), which is one of the provocative tests of angle-closure glaucoma, this study was carried out. Twenty nine patients (43 eyes) with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) were enrolled, and seventeen primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients (34 eyes) arld fourty one normal persons (82 eyes) were used as control group. After DRPT, P ACG showed statistically significant intraocu lar pressure (IOP) rise of 6.3 +/- 6.82mmHg as compared with group of POAG or normal 2.0 +/- 2.04mmHg and 1.4 +/- 1.47mmHg, respectively (p<0.05). Fifteen eyes among 43eyes (34.9%) of PACG showed DRPT positive defined as over 7mmHg rise after DRPT, and the final IOP of DRPT over 21mmHg showed significant DRPT positive (43.5%) than that of under 20mmHg (0.00%) (p<0.05). Glaucomatous attack was more occurred 1.9 times in DRPT postive group than in DRPT negative one.
Glaucoma, Angle-Closure* ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Humans

We retrospectively analyzed on the data of 189 eyes of 362 patients with glaucoma from January 1986 to December 1990 in the Department of ophthalmolgy of Chonnam National University Hospital. The following results were obtained. 1. The prevalence of glaucoma in all patients was about 1.92%. 2. The glaucoma patients consisted of 35.6% of secondary glaucoma, 30.5% of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and 26.2% of primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG). Neovascular glaucoma (44.1 %) has the highest prevalence rate in secondary glaucoma. 3. The mean age of the patients with POAG was 52.5 year and PACG was 60.4 year. 4. In POAG, men were larger than women in number, but in PACG, women were larger than men. 5. The age group over 40 years old of POAG and PACG occupied 85.9% and that of secondary glaucoma did 82.2%. The incidence of glaucoma rises with advancing age. 6. There was no significant difference in laterality between left and right eyes. 7. At first visit, arcuate scotoma and paracentral scotoma were common glaucomatous visual field changes. According to above results, most patients with the glaucoma visited our hospital at advanced state, we should make an effort for early detection and education on the glaucoma.
Adult ; Education ; Female ; Glaucoma* ; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure ; Glaucoma, Neovascular ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Humans ; Incidence ; Jeollanam-do ; Male ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Scotoma ; Visual Fields

PURPOSE: To evaluate the pressure-lowering effects of selective trabeculoplasty versus these of Argon laser trabeculoplasty. METHODS: Fifteen eyes of 15 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension, all with IOPs over 30 mm Hg received SLT and 30 eyes of 30 patients with the same diagnosis were treated with ALT. Patients were evaluated after laser treatments at 1 hour, 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months using slit lamp examinations and Goldmann applanation tonometry. RESULTS: At 3 months postoperative, the SLT group had a mean IOP of 16.9+/-4.2 mmHg with a mean reduction of 31.2+/-20.1%, while the ALT group had a mean IOP of 17.9+/-5.4 mmHg with a mean reduction of 26.3+/-23.3%. CONCLUSIONS: Selective trabeculoplasty and Argon laser trabeculoplasty are equally effective statistically in lowering IOP over a 3-month period (p=0.47). SLT has been shown to be safe and effective in lowering IOP.
Argon* ; Diagnosis ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle* ; Humans ; Manometry ; Ocular Hypertension ; Trabeculectomy*

PURPOSE: To compare the characteristics of visual field defect in primary open-angle glaucoma (HTG), normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) and primary angle-closure glaucoma (ACG). METHODS: We investigated the visual field defect of HTG (n=75), NTG (n=58), ACG (n=150) patients from March 2000 to November 2002. We compared the severity and asymmetry of the visual field defect in both eyes, the asymmetry of a more severely affected hemifield between both eyes, and the frequency of an early visual field defect with equivalently affected superior and inferior hemifield. RESULTS: The visual field defect was the severest in HTG, and the mildest in ACG. Asymmetry in severity of visual field defect between both eyes was the severest in HTG, and the mildest in NTG. The asymmetry of the affected hemifield between both eyes in terms of superior and inferior hemifields was most frequent in NTG. The frequency of the early visual field defect with equivalently affected superior and inferior hemifields occured mostly in NTG. ACG without an attack history had a more severe visual field defect than that with an attack history. CONCLUSIONS: The topographical pattern of the visual field defect was different in HTG, NTG, and ACG. There may be different pathophysiological mechanisms in the three types of primary glaucoma.
Glaucoma* ; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Humans ; Visual Fields*

To find the factors that affect on the success rate of the trabeculectomy, we investigated 208 eyes of 158 patients with various types of glaucoma which had undergone trabeculectomy. The patients were followed up at least 3 month postoperatively. The criteria of success was maintenance of postoperative IOP below 21 mmHg. The total success rate was 89.4%. In young patients, the success rate was lower than that of older ones. The success rate of open angle glaucoma, acute angle closure glaucoma and chronic angle closure glaucoma were higher than that of congenital glaucoma and secondary glaucoma. Recently performed operation demonstrated higher success rate. The type of conjunctival flap, scleral flap and use of 5-fluorouracil were independent factors that affect on the success rate.
Fluorouracil ; Glaucoma ; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Humans ; Trabeculectomy*

PURPOSE: To evaluate outcomes and factors associated with surgical failure in patients who underwent combined phacoemulsification and Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation. METHODS: This retrospective and longitudinal study enrolled 40 eyes (38 patients) that underwent combined phacoemulsification and AGV implantation. Visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), and number of antiglaucoma medications were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively. Complete success was defined as a last follow-up IOP of 6 to 21 mmHg without medication, qualified success as an IOP of 6 to 21 mmHg with medication, and failure as an IOP of >21 or <6 mmHg. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 18 ± 10 months. Preoperative diagnoses were chronic angle closure glaucoma (35.0%), neovascular glaucoma (22.5%), uveitic glaucoma (17.5%), primary open-angle glaucoma (15.0%), and other (10.0%). IOP decreased from a mean of 30.5 ± 8.7 to 14.5 ± 3.7 mmHg at the last follow-up visit (p < 0.001). Treatment was classified as qualified success in 18 eyes (45%), complete success in 15 (37.5%), and failure in seven (17.5%). Twenty-two eyes (55%) showed improvement in visual acuity. The most common postoperative complication was a transient hypertensive phase (five eyes, 12.5%). Tube-iris touch was associated with surgical failure (hazard ratio, 8.615; p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Combined phacoemulsification and AGV implantation is an effective and safe surgical option for patients with refractory glaucoma and cataract. Postoperative tube-iris touch is an indicator of poor prognosis.
Cataract ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma Drainage Implants ; Glaucoma* ; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure ; Glaucoma, Neovascular ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Longitudinal Studies ; Phacoemulsification* ; Postoperative Complications ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity