Analyses of lead and zinc were made by means of standard addition method using atomic absorption spectrophotometer(Baird Ltd., Model A5100) with flameless method for lead and flame method for zinc. The blood samples used were merely diluted with triton x-100, because it was simple, rapid and minimal risk of contamination. Mean recovery rate for lead added to the blood ranged from 97.7 to 101.3% with coefficient of variation ranging from 1.9 to 10.7%, and that for the added zinc ranged from 99.0 to 102.2% with coefficient of variation ranging from 2.1 to 9.1%. In repeated measurements of zinc in the blood, good reproducibility and inter-individual variation were proved(p<0.01). In comparison of the lead and zinc concentrations in the blood determined by the standard addition method and standard method, there were good correlations between 2 sets of data (r=0.9731 for lead and r=0.9785 for zinc), although lead levels were estimated higher by the former method(p<0.01) and zinc levels by the latter method(p<0.01). It can be concluded that lead zinc levels in blood standard addition method is reliable for determination of lead and zinc in the blood with good accuracy and reproducibility.
Absorption ; Octoxynol ; Zinc*

BACKGROUND/AIMS: In a previous study examining long-term exposure to contrast media, high-osmolar ionic contrast media were reported to be more cytotoxic to gallbladder epithelial cells than low-osmolar nonionic contrast media. However, biliary epithelial cells are rarely exposed to contrast media for such long periods in clinical practice. This study compared the cytotoxicity of two types of contrast media to gallbladder epithelial cells exposed for a short-term. METHODS: Ioxithalamate and iopromide were tested, and dog gallbladder epithelial cells were used as the test cells. The cells were exposed to the two contrast agents with increasing iodine concentration and osmolality for 30 minutes. The number of cells, aneuploidy and supernatant LDH activities were measured each day. RESULTS: The growth of cells exposed to the two contrast media was significantly reduced but there was no difference between the two contrast media at the same iodine concentration. The level of cell lysis measured by the supernatant LDH activities before the triton X-100 treatment was similar with the two contrast media. No aneuploidy fraction was detected in any of the cell groups treated with the two contrast media for 5 days. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to previous results, high-osmolar ionic and low-osmolar nonionic contrast media with short-term exposure were found to have a similar cytotoxicity to biliary epithelial cells.
Aneuploidy ; Animals ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Contrast Media ; Dogs ; Epithelial Cells ; Gallbladder ; Iodine ; Octoxynol ; Osmolar Concentration

To find whether productivity of bacteriocin is controlled between different species under unusual cultural conditions, we used Rhodobacter capsulatus ATCC 17016 as a producer and Rhodopseudomonas palustris ATCC 17003 as an indicator. Rhodobacter capsulatus was cultured under aerobic conditions in the dark in Lascelles medium containing 0.3% Triton X-100. As a result, bacteriocin productivity increased enormously. The optimal pH range of bacteriocin production was 6~7.8. Through partial purification of bacteriocin, the molecular weight was roughly estimated at 14 kDa. Plasmid had no influence on bacteriocin production by Rhodobacter capsulatus. Our findings indicate that culture conditions affect bacteriocin productivity between more distantly related species, and bacteriocin of Rhodobacter capsulatus is not encoded by a plasmid.
Bacteria ; Efficiency ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Molecular Weight ; Octoxynol ; Plasmids ; Rhodobacter ; Rhodobacter capsulatus ; Rhodopseudomonas

The micelle solution of Triton X-100 has been used as one of the experimental analogues of biological membrane in the study of the mechanism of anesthesia. It is well known that the cloud point(Tc) of micelle solution is increased by the unionized species of local anesthetics which can penetrate and move into the micelle, and decreased by the ionized form of local anes- thetics which can not penetrate the membrane. Barbiturates(HA) ionize to H+ and A- . The degree of ionization of any drug depends on its own pKa and pH of the solution. The effect of thiobarbiturates on the Tc of micelle solution was studied to see if an unionized form is necessary for the drug to penetrate cell membrane as in local anesthetics. Thiobarbiturates decreased the Tc at low pH and increased at high pH. From the data obtained at pH around 4, the decrease in Tc(dT1) was regarded to be proportional to the concentration of [HA] in micelle, and the data obtained at pH around 10, the increase in Tc(dT2) was regarded to be proportional to the concen- tration of [A-] in aqueous phase. Assuming that the observed changes in Tc(dTc) at pH ranging from 4 to 10 were the summation of dT1 and dT, dTc was expressed as theoretical equation. The experimental data showed a perfect fit to the curve derived from the equation. This confirmed that thiobarbiturates, as local anesthetics, penetrate the micelle(membrane) in an unionized form.
Anesthesia ; Anesthetics, Local ; Cell Membrane ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Membranes ; Octoxynol ; Thiobarbiturates*

Human lens capsules(basement membrane of lens epithelium) were isolated from surgically removed cataractous lenses of diabetic and nondiabetic patients with senile cataracts. Basement membranes were purified from lens capsules, using the detergent Triton X-100 and the extent of glycosylation was determined with a colorimetric reaction that detected carbohydrates in ketoamine linkage with proteins. Furthermore, the level of glycosylation of lens capsule basement membrane from diabetics was significantly higher than that in their nondiabetic counterparts and capsule basement membranes were confirmed to be glycosylated.
Basement Membrane ; Capsules ; Carbohydrates ; Cataract ; Detergents ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Glycosylation* ; Humans* ; Membranes ; Octoxynol

OBJECTIVESTo investigate the method of preparing porcine thoracic aortas acellular tissue matrix (ACTM) by trypsin, EDTA and Triton X-100 and to find the best concentration of X-100.

METHODSA total of 56 roots of fresh thoracic aortas (without adventitial tissue) from 80 kg-100 kg tame pigs were divided randomly into > groups, each containing 8 roots. Every vessel was put into a 50 ml centrifugal tube with a solution of 0.1% trypsin + 0.02EDTA in PBS for 24 h. After that, each group was separately immerged into a solution of 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 5.0%, 10.0% Triton X-100 for 144 h-240 h. Specimens were taken every 6 h. Specimens were stained with haematoxylin-eosin and observed grossly under the light and transmission electron microscopy.

RESULTSLight and transmission electron microscopy revealed that ACTM was composed of insoluble collagen, elastin, and some insoluble metamorphic organelles. The best concentration of Triton X-100 was 1% at the time of 176.25 h +/- 5.5 h.

CONCLUSIONSPorcine thoracic aortas ACTM can be obtained successfully through this procedure. Triton X-100 is a good reagent for preparing vessel ACTM.

Animals ; Aorta, Thoracic ; cytology ; surgery ; ultrastructure ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis ; Octoxynol ; pharmacology ; Swine ; Tissue Engineering ; methods

Lichen-forming fungal proteins have been seldom searched due to many difficulties in their extraction. Phenols, quinones, proteases, and other components released during cell disruption have been known to be the greatest challenges related to protein extraction from lichens. To overcome these problems and maintain good electrophoretic resolution and high protein concentration, an extraction buffer containing polyvinylpolypyrrolidone, ascorbic acid, Triton X-100, polyethylene glycol, proteinase, and oxidase inhibitors in sodium phosphate buffer was developed. This extraction buffer showed high efficiency for all lichen species tested in the study.
Ascorbic Acid ; Electrophoresis ; Fungal Proteins ; Lichens* ; Octoxynol ; Oxidoreductases ; Peptide Hydrolases ; Phenol ; Phenols ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Quinones ; Sodium

OBJECTIVETo establish a gas chromatography method for simultaneous determination of organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticide residues in Viscum coloratum by cloud-point extraction (CPE).

METHODPesticides were extracted with the non-ionic surfactant Triton X-100. The apparatus was gas chromatography with electron capture detector and the separation was performed on an Hp-5 column. The pesticide residues were calculated by external standard method.

RESULTGood linear relation was obtained over the range of 5-500 microg L(-1) for organochlorine and 10-1,000 microg L(-1) for pyrethroid. The limits of detection was 1.5-7.5 microg kg(-1). The average recoveries of organochlorine and pyrethroid were 74.15% -111.6% with corresponding RSD of 4.0% -9.1%.

CONCLUSIONThe sample and rapid method was applied to pesticide residues determination.

Chromatography, Gas ; methods ; Limit of Detection ; Octoxynol ; chemistry ; Pesticide Residues ; analysis ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; Viscum ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo develop a method for preparing a decellularized scaffold based on human liver tissue.

METHODSA surgical specimen of the left lateral lobe of the liver was obtained from a patients with hepatic hemangioma. The decellularization process was performed by repeated freezing-thawing, sequential perfusion with 0.01% SDS, 0.1% SDS and 1% Triton X-100 through the portal vein, and sterilization with peracetic acid. L-02 cells were then engrafted onto the decellularized liver scaffold.

RESULTSHE staining, DAPI staining and scanning electron microscopy all verified the absence of residual cellular components in the decellularized scaffold. The residual DNA content in the decellularized scaffolds was 25.3∓14.6 ng/mg (dry weight), which was less than 1% of the total DNA content in a fresh human liver. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that type I and IV collagens, fibronectin and elastin were all retained in the scaffold. The engrafted L-02 cells survived well on the scaffold with active proliferation and expressed albumin and G6pc.

CONCLUSIONIt is feasible to prepare decellularized scaffolds using surgical specimens of human liver, which can be a new approach to constructing a tissue-engineered liver for clinical purposes.

Humans ; Liver ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Octoxynol ; Perfusion ; Tissue Engineering ; Tissue Scaffolds

CCL5/regulated on activation, normal T expressed and secreted production (RANTES) is a principal CC chemokine, and can activate macrophages and Th1 lymphocytes, however, little is known about the CCL5 profiles associated with active tuberculosis (TB). In this study, we investigated the production of CCL5 by the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with active pulmonary TB after stimulation with Triton X-100 soluble proteins (TSP) or the 30-kDa antigen. The profiles of cytokines/chemokines [CXCL8/interleukin (IL)-8, IL-12 p40, and interferon (IFN)-gamma] were also examined by PBMCs from TB patients, and compared with those obtained from healthy tuberculin reactors (HTR). Concordant with earlier studies, IFN-gamma production was significantly depressed in the PBMCs from TB patients compared with those from HTR. In addition, the CCL5, but not CXCL8, levels in the PBMCs from TB patients were significantly depressed after stimulation for 18 hr compared to those in the PBMCs from HTRs. The CCL5 release was not significantly correlated with the release of IFN-gamma in the cells from TB patients and HTRs. Further, inhibitor studies show that the 30-kDa- or TSP-induced CCL5 mRNA expression is sensitive to inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) 1/2 and Janus kinase (JAK) 2, but not p38, pathway activation, suggesting a MEK1/2- or JAK2-based mechanism is responsible for modulating of the CCL5 expression in human PBMCs. Collectively, these data suggest that TB patients show depressed production of CCL5 secretion, which can be modulated by MEK- and JAK2-based transcriptional regulatory mechanisms, in response to the mycobacterial antigens.
Corynebacterium ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma ; Interferons ; Interleukin-12 ; Lymphocytes ; Macrophages ; Octoxynol ; Phosphotransferases ; Protein Kinases ; Proteins ; RNA, Messenger ; Tuberculin ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary