No abstract available.
Ectodermal Dysplasia*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Computed tomography of the temporal bone can provide otologists precise informations regarding the middle ear diseases. In this study, we aimed to measure the distance of mastoid antrum using the temporal bone CT for predicting the distance of mastoid depth during the mastoid surgery. MAERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed normal ears of 88 patients who visited the Department of Otolaryngology, Chonnam University Hospital during the period between Aug. 1996 and Aug. 1997. These patients demonstrated unilateral chronic otitis media, temporal bone fracture, and traumatic facial nerve palsy. RESULTS: The mean distance of mastoid antrum was 11.45mm. The distance of mastoid antrum according to age distribution showed 7.75 mm in 0-4 year old group, 10.35 mm in 5-9 year old group, 10.71 mm in 10-14 year old group, 11.50 mm in 15-19 year old group, and 11.93 mm in over 20 year old group. The distance also differed between males and females, with 2.84 mm for male and 11.24 mm for female. CONCLUSION: For the group under 20 years old, the distance of mastoid antrum increased as the patient's age became older. Especially, the group who were between 5 to 9 years old showed marked increase in the distance, and the distance did not differ between male and female. The distance of the mastoid antrum of the Korean adults was 10.1-13.7 mm and it represents some difference when compared with that of Westerners.
Adult ; Age Distribution ; Child ; Ear ; Ear, Middle ; Facial Nerve ; Female ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Male ; Mastoid* ; Otitis Media ; Otolaryngology ; Paralysis ; Temporal Bone* ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae* ; Mycoplasma* ; Pneumonia* ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular* ; Nitric Oxide* ; Rats*

No abstract available.
Nitric Oxide* ; Paclitaxel* ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*

No abstract available.
Hepatocytes* ; Macrophages* ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular* ; Nitric Oxide* ; Rhodiola*

PURPOSE: This paper aims at reporting and examining the experiences of medical ethics education with case-based learning and large-group discussion. METHODS: The subjects were a group of 100 students in the third year medical student. The medical ethics course was designed to minimize unidirectional lectures and to maximize interactive work with a large group at the classroom utilizing cases as teaching material. In the middle of the course, all students were divided into small group of 4~5 members. Each group was to find and, based upon group discussion, analyze each different case containing ethical dilemma, and present it as a midterm report. To examine the effectiveness of case based learning in medical ethics education in a large classroom, the authors analyze the students' feedback and evaluation delivered in survey questionnaires from 94 out of 96 students. RESULTS: Students' feedback showed that small-group discussion, interactive work in a classroom, and case-based studies were effective as well as practicable for medical ethics education for a large group.
Education* ; Ethics, Medical* ; Humans ; Learning* ; Lectures ; Students, Medical ; Teaching Materials ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Sustemic arterialization of the lung without sequestration is the rarest from of congenital anomalous systemic arterial supply to the lung, where an anomalous systemic artery arising from aorta supplies a normal unsequestrated segment of the lung. The non-sequestrated lung parenchyma which is supplied by an aberrant artery, has no parenchyma or bronchial abnormalities, and there is a normal connection with the bronchial trees. The symptoms of this disease varies. In most patients, it is often asymptomatic, but symptoms including dyspnea, hemoptysis, and central nervous system complications are possible. Here, we report a case of systemic arterialization of the lung without sequestration, which confirmed by angiography, with a review of the literature.
Angiography ; Aorta ; Arteries ; Central Nervous System ; Dyspnea ; Equipment and Supplies ; Hemoptysis ; Humans ; Lung* ; Trees

The incidence of lung cancer and its mortality rate are increasing in Korea. At the time of diagnosis, 40% patients of lung cancer patients had metastatic lesions. The common metastatic sites are the contralateral lung, bone, liver, adrenal gland and the brain. Metastasis to oral mucosa is rarely encountered in lung cancer and metastasis to the gingiva is more uncommon. Approximately 1% of malignant carcinomas in the oral cavity are the result of metastases, and 10-25% of metastatic cancers originate from lung cancer. Clinically metastatic gingival lesions are benign including hemangioma, pyogenic granuloma, giant-cell granuloma or a peripheral fibroma. Often metastases to the gingiva are diagnosed too late and by the time they are detected, they have metastases to other organs. Here we report a case of small cell lung carcinoma that had metastased to the gingiva with review of relevant literature.
Adrenal Glands ; Brain ; Diagnosis ; Fibroma ; Gingiva* ; Granuloma ; Granuloma, Pyogenic ; Hemangioma ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Liver ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Mortality ; Mouth ; Mouth Mucosa ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma*

PURPOSE: Osteoporosis is one of the common complications following kidney transplantation which causes profound morbidity. Using the pre-transplant bone mineral density (BMD) data, post-transplant change in the BMD of recipients was retrospectively evaluated. The risk factors affecting the post-transplant BMD changes were also evaluated in this study. METHODS: Between Jan. 1996 and Sep. 2003, 294 kidney transplant recipients were enrolled in this study. The BMD was expressed as the T-score of the spine and femur. The gender, age, the presence of pre-transplant diabetes mellitus, the matching degree of ABO blood types, the mode and duration of dialysis, and the history of previous transplantation were considered as variables possibly affecting the pre-transplant BMD and post-transplant BMD loss. Comparison analysis in each group was performed by a Students t-test or ANOVA. RESULTS: According to the pre-transplant BMD study, the mean of the spine T-score was significantly lower in the retransplant group. The mean femur T-score was also significantly lower in the retransplant group as well as the elderly (more than 45 years) and female recipients. In the 3 years following transplantation, rapid bone loss occurred particularly in the first post-transplant year. After a kidney transplantation, the normal pre-transplant BMD group (T- score>-1.0) showed a significantly higher bone loss than the abnormal pre-transplant BMD group (T-score< or =-1.0). Prolonged pre-transplant hemodialysis (more than 12 months) and a retransplant were risk factors affecting the BMD loss in the first post-transplant year. The early application of anti-osteoporosis management (such as alfacalcidol, alendronate sodium, or risendronate sodium) was effective in ameliorating the post-transplant BMD loss. However, anti- osteoporosis management after the first post- transplant year was not effective. CONCLUSION: A pre-transplant evaluation of the BMD and the significant BMD loss during the first post-transplant year should not be overlooked. Prophylactic management against the bone loss and the treatment of osteoporosis should be started as soon as possible after transplantation in recipients with both normal and abnormal pre-transplant BMD.
Aged ; Alendronate ; Bone Density* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Dialysis ; Female ; Femur ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation* ; Kidney* ; Osteoporosis ; Renal Dialysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Spine ; Transplantation