No abstract available.
Leiomyoma*

It has been believed that the increased release of free oxygen radicals(O2-, H2O2 and OH-) might be one of important factors in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes(PMNs) constitute the primary host resistance factor against infection. They are prominent cells in both the gingival tissue and gingival sulcus in most forms of periodontal disease. In response to invading microorganisms, the activated PMNs and macrophages generate free oxygen radicals, which play an important role in bacterial killing. The normal production of these free oxygen radicals is vital for the successful resistance of individuals to bacterial infection. However, the enhanced production of reactive oxygen species by accumulating PMNs may be detrimental to the host in certain disease states. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of Tetracycline-HCl(Tc-HCl) on generation of superoxide anion by PMNs. For the present study, 60ml of peripheral venous blood were obtained from systemically healthy subjects by venipuncture in median cubital vein and PMNs were separated by a one-step Ficoll-Hypaque gradient centrifugation method. PMNs were incubated with 1microgram/ml P.gingivalis strain A7436 LPS, 5% serum and Tc-HCl(5, 10, 50 and 100microgram/ml). The superoxide anion analysis was carried out by superoxide dismutase-inhibitable cytochrome C reduction method using Microplate autoreader(BIO-TEK(TM) Instrument Inc.). The difference of superoxide anion generation between control group and Tc-HCl group was statistically analyzed by paired t-test. The superoxide anion generation in the course of time after treatment with Tc-HCl was analyzed by ANOVA, and the superoxide anion generation in the course of time after treatment with various concentrations of Tc-HCl was analyzed by Repeated Measurement test. The results were as follows: 1. Superoxide anion generation by PMNs was significantly decreased by Tc-HCl(p<0.05). 2. There was no statistical significance in the inhibition of superoxide anion generation in the course of time after treatment with various concentrations of Tc-HCl(p>0.05). 3. Superoxide anion generation by PMNs was significantly decreased in the course of incubation time after treatment with Tc-HCl(p<0.05). The results demonstrate that the Tc-HCl inhibit superoxide anion generation by PMNs and the inhibitory effects depend on the exposure time rather than the concentration of Tc-HCl.

No abstract available.

This paper was carried out to study on correlation between mentally retardation and lead and zinc. The subjects were 297 mentally retarded children: 132 of Bomyung special school and Sunmyung, which were located in Taegu city of Korea. The former had their parents but the latter had not. The control group 63 children were randomly seleted from the Dong-in primary school near to Medical School of Kyungpook National University. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer, model IL-551 connected with CTF atomizer(IL. 655) was used for the analysis of lead and zinc. The mean value of lead in hair of mentally retarded children was 14.97 3.71ppm which is significantly higher than that of control group, 11.36 2.83ppm. But the content of zinc was not significant in both groups. In the lead there was no significant correlation to age but significant negative correlation to IQ. Zinc showed significant correlation to age but not to IQ. Among the handicapped children, no signigicant correlation between orphan group and non orphan group. Handicaps of mentally-retarded children were speech impairment, emotional disturbance, double and triple handicaps, sensory impairment and abnormal dietary patterns. There were significantly higher contents of lead compared with normal group, except the latter two groups. The disease conditions of mentally retarded children were mongolism, autism, cerebral palsy, epilepsy and microcephaly. In comparing with mongolism, significant difference were existent only on the cerebral palsy and group of unknown etiology. We attempted to divide their past history into external etiology and internal etiology, but could not find significant difference. In view of the whole results, the relationship between mentally-retarded children and lead was presumed to be the early time exposure rather than long interval exposure during growth and the contact opportunity was considered important subject in maternal and child health care.
Absorption ; Affective Symptoms ; Autistic Disorder ; Cerebral Palsy ; Child Health ; Child* ; Child, Orphaned ; Daegu ; Disabled Children ; Down Syndrome ; Epilepsy ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Hair* ; Humans ; Korea ; Mentally Disabled Persons* ; Microcephaly ; Parents ; Schools, Medical ; Zinc

Conventional abdominoplasty includes the removal of an ellipse-shaped section of abdominal tissue between the umbilicus and mons pubis. However, this method can result in tension of the undermined flap, especially in the midline. To address this problem, we present reverse lip design as a modified method that also has aesthetic advantages. The reverse lip design entails a longer lower flap edge while preserving the triangular tissue in the vascularly stable pubis area. These markings create an image of a reverse lip shape with a cleft at the bottom of the lower markings. After typical lipoabdominoplasty is performed, redundant waist tissues can easily be pulled inward and downward. The reverse lip design abdominoplasty demonstrated no complications and required no further revisions after the procedure. Patients were generally satisfied with the aesthetic improvements in their body shape. They were also able to return to their routine activities approximately 1 week after the operation while wearing a supporting undergarment. This modified abdominoplasty using the reverse lip design reduces low midline tension of the undermined abdominal flap while enhancing body aesthetics with a slimmer waistline, leading to higher patient satisfaction.

Down syndrome is the most common autosomal syndrome in man. The incidence of trisomy 21 due to translocation is about 3.5-5%. Translocations are usually centric fusions between a 21 and a D group (54.2%) or a G group (40.9%) chromosome. Since the short arm of 21 carries no phenotypically active genes, even if the short arm of 21 is lost, usually there is no imbalance with clinical significance. Rare translocations in Down syndrome may also occur between a 21 and other chromosomes (4.9%). We experienced a case of unusual (1q;21q) translocation Down syndrome inherited from a t (1q;21q) balanced carrier mother. The segmental trisomy was confirmed by FISH analysis. This is the first case of a familial Down syndrome with t (1q;21q) in Korea.
Arm ; Down Syndrome* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Mothers* ; Trisomy

No abstract available.
Animals ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular* ; Nitric Oxide* ; Rats*

Polaris, which is encoded by Tg737 gene, has been associated with cilia formation. Recently pheno-types of ventral neural tube in mice who have abnormal cilia formation have been reported to be similar with those of sonic hedgehog (Shh)signaling mutants. These interesting findings lead us to further examine the patterning of ventral neural tube in Tg737(oprk) mice. In this study, we found that motor neuron and V2 interneuron were preserved whereas P3 progenitor domain and floor plate were missing in Tg737(oprk) mutant. V2 and motor neurons in Tg737(oprk) were ventralized and ixed with each other. Nkx6.1 and Olig2 expressions were preserved and the Olig2 expression was ventralized in Tg737(oprk). These penotypes are quite similar with those in Shh(-/-); Gli3(-/-) or Gli2(-/-) ; Gli3(-/-) mutants, suggesting that the function of Polaris might be involved in Shh signaling.
Animals ; Cilia ; Hedgehogs ; Interneurons ; Mice ; Motor Neurons ; Neural Tube*

University Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling has been shown to play instructive roles in developing spinal cord. Depending on the Shh concentration gradient, different progenitor domains and ventral neurons are induced. However, the way how the Shh gradient is translated into different progenitor domains, is not clear. To investigate the translation of the Shh gradient, we studied expressions of homeoproteins which are critical for establishment of progenitor domains, in the ventral neural tube of Shh(-/-)and Shh(-/-);Gli3(-/-) mutants, using in situ hybridization. In Shh(-/-) mutant, the expressions of class II homeoproteins (Nkx6.1, Nkx6.2, Olig2, Nkx2.2 were totally repressed. The expressions of class I homeoproteins (Dbx1, Dbx2, Irx3, Pax6 were ventralized. In Shh(-/-);Gli3(-/-) mutant, the expressions of class II homeoproteins except Nkx2.2 were restored. The expressions of class I home-oproteins were restored to its original position although their restoration is not complete. From above results, we conclude that Gli3 can regulate the expressions of class II homeoproteins, which suggests that the Shh gradient will be translated into Gli activity in the developing spinal cord.
Hedgehogs ; Homeodomain Proteins ; In Situ Hybridization ; Neural Tube ; Neurons ; Spinal Cord*

Essential roles of Gli3 in ventral neural tube have been stressed from studies of Shh(-/-) and Shh(-/-); Gli3(-/-) mutants. However, roles of Gli3 in dorsal neural tube have not been fully appreciated despite of its high expression. To find out roles of Gli3 in dorsal neural tube, we studied cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation in dorsal neural tube of Gli3(-/-) mutant. In Gli3(-/-) mutant, proliferation of progenitor cells in dorsal neural tube is increased compared to wild type embryos based on phosphohistone 3 immunohistochemistry and BrdU experiment. The appearances of HuC/D positive and Isl1 postive cells which represent postmitotic neurons and dI3 interneurons were delayed in Gli3(-/-) mutant compared to wild type embryo. The appearance of a proneural gene, Ngn2 was also delayed in Gli3(-/-) mutant compared to wild type embryo. Neuronal differentiation of progenitor cells in dorsal neural tube was delayed in Gli3(-/-) mutant compared to wild type embryos based on HuC/D, Isl1 and Ngn2 expressions. These results suggest that Gli3 plays important roles in cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation in dorsal neural tube. Thus our data shed a new light on the role of Gli3 in the development of neural tube.
Bromodeoxyuridine ; Cell Proliferation ; Embryonic Structures ; Immunohistochemistry ; Interneurons ; Neural Tube* ; Neurons ; Stem Cells