PURPOSE: Leptin is a hormone involved in the regulation of energy balance. Serum leptin levels are correlated with body fat. It provide information to hypothalamus on the amount of energy stored in the adipose tissue. Certain endocrine disease presents obesity in childhood, such as growth hormone deficiency, Prader- Willi syndrome and Turner syndrome. The purpose of this study is to evaluate leptin levels in obese children and to know whether it is a useful marker to differentiate the underlying cause of obesity. METHODS: One hundred sixty six obese children were included in this study. Height, weight, HTSDS, WTSDS, adjusted WTSDS to height age and BMI were measured. Serum leptin levels were measured. RESULTS :Leptin levels in simple obesity, growth hormone deficiency, Prader-Willi syndrome, Turner syndrome and control were 12.3+/-6.3ng/ml, 6.4+/-2.0ng/ml, 19.9+/-11.2ng/ml, 8.9+/-5.3ng/ml, 5.7+/-3.7ng/ml respectively. Leptin levels were significantly high in obese children, especially in Prader-Willi syndrome, simple obesity and Turner syndrome. Leptin concentration were correlated with BMI and WTSDS. CONCLUSION: Leptin can be used as an indicator of obesity but, not suitable as a differential diagnostic factor for obesity.
Adipose Tissue ; Child ; Endocrine System Diseases ; Growth Hormone ; Humans ; Hypothalamus ; Leptin* ; Obesity* ; Pediatric Obesity* ; Prader-Willi Syndrome ; Turner Syndrome

No abstract available.
Pediatric Obesity*

No abstract available.
Pediatric Obesity*

No abstract available.
Pediatric Obesity*

No abstract available.
Obesity* ; Pediatric Obesity*

The objective of this case report was to present a case of morbidly obese patient with Pickwikian syndrome for bariatric surgery, with specific emphasis on its clinical presentations and its anesthetic implications.
Human ; Male ; Adult ; OBESITY HYPOVENTILATION SYNDROME ; BARIATRIC SURGERY ; OBESITY, MORBID ; OBESITY ; ANESTHESIA

BACKGROUND: Recently, childhood obesity has been increasing steeply. Many obese children have complications and high risks to become obese as adults. Therefore, we performed this study to assess childhood obesity in Kwangju area. METHODS: We examined 11,039 children(boys:5,547, girls:5,492) of ages 6-12 years. We defined obesity as more than 97th percentile of weight at each height. We also examined the degree of obesity by comparing with stsndard weight, which is defined as more than 20% above the standard weight for height. We identified four groups according to the degree of obeiity. The ranges for each group was as follows : obesity at from 20% above the standard weight for height, mild obesity at 30% below and 20% above the standard weight for height, and moderate obesity at 50% below and 30% above the standard weight for height, and severe obesity at 50% above the standard weight for height. RESULTS: The prevalence of obesity that exceeded the weight centiles at each height by more than 97th pereentile was 12.17%. The prevalence of obesity that exceeded the standard weight for height by more than 20% was 13.31%. Among them, 8.02/o were mild obesity, 4.44% were moderate obesity and 0. 84% were severe obesity. CONCLUSIONS: Recently, the frequency of childhood obesity goes high in our society. We now know that obesity is a risk factor for some diseases, and therefore, more effective approaches should be developed treat and prevent childhood obesity.
Adult ; Child* ; Gwangju* ; Humans ; Obesity* ; Obesity, Morbid ; Pediatric Obesity ; Prevalence* ; Risk Factors

PURPOSE: We studied the prevalence and long-term trend of childhood obesity after puberty to help in managing and treating obesity. METHODS: We surveyed obesity index of children at age 13 and 17 who was diagnosed as obesity at their age 7. 1,559 students consisting of 753 boys and 806 girls had followed up since 1992 until 2002. Obesity was defined as the obesity index over 20 percent. RESULTS: The prevalence of obesity was 3.1% at age 7, 7.1% at age 13 and 13.0% at age 17, which increased significantly with getting older in age in both sex. Among obese children at age 7, 67.5 percent remained obese at age 17. 66.6% of the obese boys at age 7 and 68.4% of the obese girls at age 7 remained obese at age 17. The proportion of severe obesity in obese boys was increased as they were old, but not in obese girls. The progression to moderate and severe obesity at age 17 was prominent for obese boys at age 7, compared to the obese girls. 12.7% of normal weight boys at age 7 and 9.8% of normal weight girls at age 7 became obese at age 17. CONCLUSION: We think that the prevention and treatment of obesity during puberty is as important as those in the childhood.
Adolescent ; Child ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Obesity ; Obesity, Morbid ; Pediatric Obesity* ; Prevalence ; Puberty*

Prader-Willi syndrome is characterized by infantile hypotonia, childhood-onset obesity, short stature, mental retardation, hyperphagia, hypogonadism. After infantile hypotonia phase, patient is prone to morbid obesity due to hyperphagia. Complications associated with morbid obesity are recognized as the main risk factors for death the lifespan of patients with Prader-Willi syndrome. We experienced desaturation and bronchospasm during arteriovenous fistula surgery in an obese adult with Prader-Willi syndrome.
Adult ; Arteriovenous Fistula ; Bronchial Spasm ; Humans ; Hyperphagia ; Hypogonadism ; Intellectual Disability ; Muscle Hypotonia ; Obesity ; Obesity, Morbid ; Prader-Willi Syndrome ; Risk Factors

Obesity-Hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) is characterized by morbid obesity, hypoxia, and hypercapnea during wakefulness without parechymal lung disease or severe obstructive sleep apnea. A woman was admitted because of mental deterioration and diagnosed as OHS on the basis of obesity and hypoventilation, while awake, after ruling out other causes. By bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) therapy, hypercapnea and hypoxia were resolved. We report that BiPAP can be an effective treatment for severe hypercapnea and hypoxia in OHS, which obviate the need for invasive endotracheal intubation.
Anoxia ; Female ; Humans ; Hypoventilation ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Lung Diseases ; Obesity ; Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome* ; Obesity, Morbid ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; Wakefulness