Child ; Diabetes Mellitus ; etiology ; Diet ; Humans ; Hypertension ; etiology ; Lipids ; blood ; Obesity ; complications ; prevention & control ; psychology

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study were to investigate the effects of a 12-week brisk walking program on triglycerides (TG) and apolipoprotein B (Apo B) and to compare these effects to those of a brisk walking plus diet program in middle-aged overweight/obese (BMI> or =23) Korean women with hypertriglyceridemia. METHOD: This analysis was done with nineteen middle-aged overweight/obese Korean women who completed either the brisk walking program (9 women) or the brisk walking plus diet program (10 women) for 12 weeks. The brisk walking consisted of walking for 20 to 50 minutes/day at an intensity of 40 to 70% of heart rate reserve (HRR) for 3 to 6 days/week. The diet consisted of 60 minutes of group education and 20 to 30 minutes of individual counseling every week. TG and Apo B were assessed pre- and post-intervention. RESULTS: TG and Apo B decreased significantly after the brisk walking program (Z = -2.31, p = 0.021; Z = -2.59, p = 0.009). TG and Apo B lowering effects of the brisk walking program were not significantly different from those of the brisk walking plus diet program (U = 37.0, p = 0.549; U = 42.0, p = 0.842). CONCLUSION: Brisk walking can be an effective intervention for overweight/obese middle-aged women with hypertriglyceridemia in reducing cardiovascular risk by lowering TG and Apo B levels. Adding diet to brisk walking may have no additional significant effects on changes in TG and Apo B.
Adult ; Apolipoproteins B/blood ; Body Mass Index ; Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology/prevention & control ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Counseling/organization & administration ; Diet, Fat-Restricted/*methods ; Energy Intake ; Exercise Test ; Exercise Therapy/education/*methods ; Female ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypertriglyceridemia/blood/complications/epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Korea/epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Nursing Evaluation Research ; Obesity/complications/epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Patient Education as Topic/organization & administration ; Prevalence ; Risk Reduction Behavior ; Triglycerides/blood ; *Walking

Adolescent ; Blood Glucose ; analysis ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; etiology ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus ; etiology ; Humans ; Metabolic Syndrome ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Obesity ; complications ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Risk Factors ; Waist-Hip Ratio

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of rosiglitazone on serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and insulin resistance in obese patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.

METHODSThis study involved 118 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and obesity, who were randomly assigned into two groups for a 12-week treatment with rosiglitazone (4 mg/day, group A) or sulfonylureas (group B). Serum hs-CRP, IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and fasting insulin (FINS) were measured before and after the treatment. Insulin resistance index was calculated according to the HOMA Model.

RESULTSIn group A, rosiglitazone treatment resulted in significantly reduced serum hs-CRP, IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha, FPG and insulin resistance index (P<0.01). No difference in FPG was found between the two groups after the treatment (P>0.05), but serum hs-CRP, IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha and insulin resistance index were significantly lower in group A than in group B (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONRosiglitazone can decrease FPG, reduce the inflammation reaction and improve insulin resistance in obese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; C-Reactive Protein ; metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; blood ; complications ; drug therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Inflammation ; blood ; prevention & control ; Insulin Resistance ; Interleukin-1beta ; blood ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity ; complications ; Thiazolidinediones ; therapeutic use ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood

PURPOSE: This study was done to determine the effects of weight management program using self-efficacy in middle-aged obese women. The study also attempted to measure the effects of the program on the weight efficacy lifestyle, body composition, and depression. METHOD: The research design of this study was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The experimental group consisted of 21 middle-aged obese women and another 21 middle-aged obese women in the control group. The women in the experimental group participated in the weight management program for 12 weeks using self-efficacy. The weight management program using self-efficacy included education on effects of exercise for weight control, aerobic exercise program, muscle training and counseling through the telephone. RESULTS: After 12 weeks of participation in the program, BMI (p<.0001), body fat % (p<.0001), abdominal fat (p<.0001), in the experimental group were significantly decreased compared to the control group. Weight self-efficacy lifestyle (p<.0001) and depression (p=.006) in the experimental group were significantly improved after the program compared to the control group. According to these findings, weight management program self-efficacy for middle-aged obese women could increase weight efficacy lifestyle, and decrease depression, BMI, body fat, and abdominal fat. CONCLUSION: The result also suggested that the increasing weight efficacy and lifestyle help the obese women to perform and continue exercise. This program could be used in the community such as public health center for weight care and mental health promotion of middle-aged obese women.
Adult ; Body Composition ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Chi-Square Distribution ; Counseling/organization & administration ; Depression/complications/*prevention & control/psychology ; Exercise Therapy/*methods ; Female ; Humans ; *Life Style ; Lipids/blood ; Middle Aged ; Nursing Evaluation Research ; Obesity/blood/complications/*prevention & control/psychology ; Patient Education as Topic/*organization & administration ; Program Evaluation ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ; Questionnaires ; *Self Efficacy ; Telephone

OBJECTIVESTo investigate the influencing factors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

METHODSA hospital-based case-control study was conducted in patients with NAFLD and controls without NAFLD in a hospital from January to August in 2007. All data were analyzed by SPSS 13.0 software.

RESULTSOne-way analysis of variance found that the two groups were significantly different in cigarette smoking, alcohol and tea comsumption, movement index, speed of food intake, frequency of social engagement, kinds of edible oil, marine products, family history of NAFLD, hypertension, higher blood sugar, abnormality of blood fat, higher level of ALT, higher level of AST, hyperuricemia, obesity, decrease of high density lipoprotein (HDL), and increase of low density lipoprotein. By non-conditional logistic stepwise regression analysis, 12 of 18 factors were used to construct a model, ten of which were the risk factors and two were protective factors of NAFLD. Risk factors included obesity (OR=6.35), hypertension(OR=3.82), dyslipidemia (OR=2.95), decrease of HDL (OR=2.85), hyperglycemia (OR=2.82), increase of ALT (OR=2.80), hyperuricemia (OR=2.35), HBsAg positive (OR=1.99), family history of fatty liver (OR=1.79) and frequently intake of marine products (OR=1.58), and protective factors included tea drinking (OR=0.72) and exercise (OR=0.90).

CONCLUSIONSThere are many influencing factors of NAFLD, and life styles are the key factors. Genetic background may also play some roles in NAFLD.

Adult ; Aged ; Alcohol Drinking ; adverse effects ; Case-Control Studies ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Fatty Liver ; blood ; epidemiology ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Hepatitis B ; complications ; Humans ; Hypertension ; complications ; Life Style ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity ; complications ; Odds Ratio ; Regression Analysis ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify and assess the factors related to the awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension based on jurisdictional areas of primary health care posts in a rural community of Korea. METHODS: This study was performed on 4598 adults aged over 30 years in a rural community and we measured their blood pressure (BP) from October. 2007 to August. 2009. Hypertension is defined as a condition characterized by a systolic BP > or =140 mmHg, a diastolic BP > or =90 mmHg or reported treatment with antihypertensive medications. We analyzed the factors related with the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension using chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension was 34.7%. The age-adjusted rates of hypertension awareness, treatment and control were 50.6%, 93.9% and 64.1%, respectively. Awareness of hypertension was related with increasing age. Higher awareness was found among men who were felt more stress, were obese and had hypercholesterolemia, and among women who were regulary taking medicine for hypertension, were obese and had diabetes mellitus. In women, the hypertension treatment was related a Medical aid and education for hypertension management. Controlled hypertension was more common among men who were educated about the management of hypertension and among women who had hypercholesterolemia. CONCLUSIONS: The awareness of hypertension was low and the control of hypertension was high compared with the nationwide data (KNHANES 2005). The results suggest that understanding the characteristics of hypertension in a community is important to perform a community based hypertension control program.
Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use ; Blood Pressure ; Diabetes Complications ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia/complications ; Hypertension/drug therapy/epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Interviews as Topic ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity/complications ; Republic of Korea ; Risk Factors ; Rural Population ; Sex Factors ; Stress, Psychological/complications

OBJECTIVETo investigate the therapeutic effects of Ping-tang Recipe (, PTR) on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

METHODSForty male SD rats were included in the study. Ten rats were fed on normal diet as normal control, and thirty rats were fed on HFD for 8 weeks to induce obesity, followed with low dose (0.42 g/kg) or high dose (0.84 g/kg) of PTR or vehicle for 8 weeks with 10 animals for each group. Glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity were evaluated by oral glucose tolerance test and insulin tolerance test. Hepatic steatosis was measured by immunohistochemistry. Liver lipid metabolic genes were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, while AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) expression was examined by Western blot.

RESULTSRats fed on HFD developed abdominal obesity, insulin resistance and NAFLD. PTR treatment reduced visceral fat (peri-epididymal and peri-renal) accumulation, improved glucose metabolism, and attenuated hepatic steatosis. The expressions of the key lipolytic regulating genes, including peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ co-activator 1α (PGC-1α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PRAR-γ) and α (PRAR-α), were up-regulated (P<0.05 or P<0.01), while the expressions of lipogenic genes such as sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and liver fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) were down-regulated (P<0.05 or P<0.01). In addition, PTR activated AMPK and promoted acetyl-CoA carboxylase phosphorylation in the liver.

CONCLUSIONSPTR improves insulin resistance and reverse hepatic steatosis in the rat model of HFD-induced obesity through promotion of lipolysis and reduction of lipogenesis, which involves the AMPK signaling pathway, thus representing a new therapeutic intervention for obesity related insulin resistance and NAFLD.

AMP-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism ; Animals ; Body Weight ; drug effects ; Diet, High-Fat ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Fatty Liver ; blood ; complications ; prevention & control ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Glucose ; metabolism ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Insulin Resistance ; Intra-Abdominal Fat ; drug effects ; pathology ; Lipogenesis ; drug effects ; Lipolysis ; drug effects ; Liver ; drug effects ; enzymology ; pathology ; Male ; Obesity ; blood ; complications ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Triglycerides ; metabolism