Humans ; Obesity/epidemiology*

Humans ; Obesity/epidemiology*

China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Obesity ; epidemiology ; Overweight ; epidemiology ; Public Health

An investigation performed on 3647 primary school children found that the obesity incidence was 9,9% (among them, 12,9% male and 6,7% female). The consuming of high energy food such as meat, butter, roasted foods.... in obese children was higher considerably than normal children, obese children had had the habit of eating many time daily (> 3 times) and before bed
Pupil ; Schools ; Culture ; Habits ; Overweight ; Obesity ; Epidemiology

INTRODUCTIONObesity is a global pandemic and a major health concern. Obesity is a common but complex, multifactorial disorder with high heritability, where as much as 80% of the variance in the body mass index (BMI) is attributable to genetic factors.

MATERIALS AND METHODSLiterature on the contributing factors of the current obesity epidemic, and genetic basis of human obesity, were reviewed.

RESULTSThe current increasing prevalence of obesity is a relatively recent global event driven by our modern lifestyle and dietary habits. Common obesity is the result of subtle interaction between numerous related genetic variants and environmental factors. The role of the obesity genes in this current epidemic is passive, but its impact is highly significant, because individuals with these genes may be predisposed to severe or even morbid obesity when exposed to the modern "obesogenic" environment.

CONCLUSIONSThe human weight regulation mechanism evolved and becomes efficient in preventing weight loss, but is relatively ineffective in preventing excessive weight gain. The modern "obesogenic" environment encourages a sedentary lifestyle and provides easy access to processed food, which leads to a reduction of energy expenditure and increased caloric intake. We have inadvertently created a biology-environment mismatch, as the human weight regulation is unable to evolve fast enough to keep pace with the environmental change. This resulted in maladaptation of an otherwise sound and metabolically efficient physiological mechanism, with serious metabolic consequences.

Disease Outbreaks ; Humans ; Obesity ; epidemiology ; genetics

Abdominal obesity (AO) has become a major health problem to most of the Asian communities. The severity and consequences of AO are higher among females. It has virtually become an epidemic in most South Asian countries and the health care systems in this region are likely to be challenged by one of the biggest health issues in the near future. Yet, the recognition of the magnitude of the problem by health authorities is poor. The purpose of this paper is to motivate health care professionals, planners and policy makers towards better control of the epidemic of AO while highlighting the paucity of evidence on clinical management of AO from the South Asian region.
Asia ; epidemiology ; Delivery of Health Care ; Female ; Humans ; Obesity, Abdominal ; epidemiology

Background: many studies showed that obesity rate was significantly higher in women than in men and 60-80% of overweight/obesity caused by diet. Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City were two of 10 provinces that had the highest rates of obesity. Objectives: to determine the actual rate of overweight/obesity and describe some related factors among Hanoians aged 50-59. Subjectives and Method: a cross sectional survey within a case-control study. The study was carried out in 14 wards under 7 districts of urban Hanoi. Body fat percentage was measured by machine Omron (Japan). Overweight/obesity evaluations were based on classification scales of WHO 1998 and IDI&WPRO 2000. Results: the mean rate of overweight/obesity was 23.1% (26.2% in women vs. 21.9% in men). The rate of women with waist to hip ratio >0.85 (39.83%) was higher than that in male (29.38%). Proportions of body fat percentage greater than 30% were 58.40% in female and 40.06% in male. Overweight/obesity was closely related with sedentary lifestyle, such as spending less time for exercise and sports, high food expenditures, etc. It was found that people with overweight or obese family members were 3 times at risk of overweight/obesity higher /than others. That rates of overweight/obese people with elevated level of biomarkers were composed of 48.99% with high blood cholesterol (>5.2mmol/l); 9.69% with blood glucose (\ufffd?.0mmol/l); especially 65.33% with high triglyceride (>1.7mmol/l); 7.22% with low HDL-C (<1.15 mmol/l); and 8.23% with high LDL-C (\ufffd?.00mmol/l). Conclusions: rate of overweight/obesity among Hanoians aged 50-59 was relatively high. Some related factors were described: waist to hip ratio, body fat percentage, sedentary lifestyle, such as spending less time for exercise and sports, high food expenditures, etc.
Overweight/epidemiology ; Obesity/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Middle Aged ;

Objective: To explore the relationship between bisphenol A (BPA) exposure and obesity/overweight in children and adolescents through Dose-response Meta analysis. Methods: Articles published up to September 1st 2021 were systematically searched in PubMed, Web of science, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane library, CNKI, Wanfang databases and VIP Chinese Science and Technology Journal by using "bisphenol A" "BPA" "obesity" "weight" "fat""overweight" "body mass index" "BMI" "waist circumference" (both in English and in Chinese) as keywords. Use Stata 15.1 software to calculate the pooled OR (95%CI), perform heterogeneity test, subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, publication bias and the exposure-response relationship fitting. Results: A total of 9 English articles were included from 1 948 articles retrieved, including 8 articles from American and 1 article from China. 15 614 children/adolescents and 3 446 obese/overweight cases were further used for Meta-analysis of dose-response relationship. Meta-analysis results showed that there was heterogeneity among the highest dose groups in different studies(I²=52.1%, P=0.033). The random effect model-analysis found that compared with those in the lowest group, the OR(95%CI) for those in the highest group of urine BPA was 1.56(1.18-1.94)for the risk of obesity/overweight in children and adolescents, but there was no linear or nonlinear dose-response relationship. Sensitivity analyses showed that the results were robust, Egger's test(P=0.263) and Begg's test(P=0.348) showed that there was no publication bias. Conclusion: Bisphenol A exposure may increase the risk of obesity/overweight epidemics in children and adolescent.
Adolescent ; Benzhydryl Compounds ; Child ; Humans ; Obesity/epidemiology* ; Overweight/epidemiology* ; Phenols

Male hypogonadism associated with obesity is a very prevalent condition and is increasing in parallel with the epidemic prevalence of obesity. Low testosterone levels promote higher fat mass with reduced lean mass. Male hypogonadism is related to an increase in associated cardiometabolic complications, such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, the metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. Its influence as a comorbidity of obesity is becoming more evident and should be evaluated and treated in at-risk patients. Mechanisms involved in this relationship include body composition changes, the presence of adipokines, insulin resistance, and other factors, some of which are still unknown. Weight loss and treatment to replace testosterone levels improve the metabolic profile and quality of life in patients with obesity and hypogonadism; these beneficial effects depend on treatment modality and duration of therapy. The use of testosterone replacement therapy may be indicated, as it has not been shown to increase cardiovascular risk, and retrospective studies suggest a reduction in events in men with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.
Adult ; Humans ; Hypogonadism/epidemiology* ; Male ; Obesity/epidemiology* ; Prevalence

OBJECTIVETo analyze the association between abdominal obesity and blood pressure among 7-10 years old Chinese children.

METHODSA total of 40 495 children aged 7-10 years with complete height, weight, waist circumference and blood pressure data were chosen from the data of 2010 Chinese National Survey on Students Constitution and Health. Based on the "Reference Norms for Screening Overweight and Obesity in Chinese Children and Adolescents" developed by Working Group Obesity in China (WGOC) and the waist to height ratio reference value for children (WHtR ≤ 0.46) , the children were divided into 4 body types (normal weight, simple abdominal obesity, combined obesity and other types). High blood pressure was defined as the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) higher than the P 95 blood pressure value of 2010 national student of the same gender and age. The prevalence of simple abdominal obesity, combined obesity and high blood pressure were described. Three groups (with 2165 children in each) of children with normal weight, simple abdominal obesity, combined obesity respectively were selected from the chosen ones matched by gender, age (within ± 0.5 years old) and height (within ± 0.3 cm) at the ratio of 1: 1: 1. The value of blood pressure and prevalence of high blood pressure were described.χ(2) test, analysis of variance and multilevel models were used to analyze the relationship between obesity and blood pressure.

RESULTSA total of 40 475 children were selected from the database, including 20 175 boys and 20 320 girls. The prevalence of simple abdominal obesity was 6.36% (2576/40 495), the prevalence of boys and girls was 7.41% (1494/20 175) and 5.32% (1082/20 320) respectively. The prevalence of combined obesity was 16.33% (6611/40 495), the prevalence of boys and girls was 21.30% (4298/20 175) and 11.38% (2313/20 320) respectively. There were statistical differences in the body type distribution of both boys and girls (χ(2) = 869.01, P < 0.01). The prevalence of high blood pressure was 9.62% (3896/40 495), the prevalence of boys (10.05% (2028/20 175)) was higher than girls (9.19% (1868/20 320)) (χ(2) = 8.59, P < 0.01). The value of SBP and DBP among combined obesity group (boys: (103.8 ± 11.3), (64.7 ± 10.1) mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa); girls: (102.9 ± 12.1), (64.5 ± 10.0) mm Hg) > simple abdominal obesity group (boys: (99.5 ± 11.2), (61.6 ± 9.9) mm Hg; girls: (99.6 ± 11.4), (62.6 ± 9.3) mm Hg)> normal weight group (boys: (97.4 ± 10.8), (60.5 ± 9.4) mm Hg; girls: (97.2 ± 10.8), (60.8 ± 9.4) mm Hg), and the differences were statistical significant (Fboys: 113.22, 62.05; Fgirls: 54.19, 32.31, P < 0.01). According to the results of multilevel model, among boys, compared with the normal weight group, the SBP of combined obesity group and simple abdominal obesity group was 6.0 and 1.8 mm Hg higher respectively (Wald χ(2): 17.55, 204.94, P < 0.01); the DBP was 4.0 and 0.9 mm Hg higher respectively (Wald χ(2): 6.37, 114.05, P < 0.05). Among girls, the SBP was 5.0 and 2.1 mm Hg higher respectively (Wald χ(2):16.47, 92.52, P < 0.01); the DBP was 3.5 and 1.6 mm Hg higher respectively (Wald χ(2): 12.29, 57.52, P < 0.01). Comparing with normal group, the risk of high SBP among boys with simple abdominal obesity was higher (OR = 1.48; 95%CI: 1.06-2.06), and both the boys (SBP: OR = 3.06; 95%CI: 2.28-4.11) ; DBP: OR = 2.72; 95%CI: 1.99-3.72) and girls (SBP: OR = 2.48; 95%CI: 1.75-3.53; DBP: OR = 2.64; 95%CI: 1.82-3.93) in combined obesity group had a higher risk of high SBP and high DBP.

CONCLUSIONSimple abdominal obesity is associated with the increasing of blood pressure in children, and combined obesity has a closer ties than simple abdominal obesity.

Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; epidemiology ; Male ; Obesity, Abdominal ; epidemiology ; Pediatric Obesity ; epidemiology