Fatty Liver ; etiology ; pathology ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; etiology ; pathology ; Obesity ; complications ; pathology ; therapy ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo investigate the impact of obesity and hypertension on the size of the left atrium.

METHODSA total of 383 subjects were divided into normal group (NS, n = 95), hypertension group (HT, n = 97), obesity group (OB, n = 98) and hypertension with obesity group (HT + OB, n = 93). Clinical information, echocardiographic parameters and left atrial size in the four groups were compared.

RESULTS(1) The left atrial volume index (LAVI) was arranged in the order: HT + OB > OB > HT > NS (28.07 ± 6.63 > 24.61 ± 4.89 > 22.73 ± 5.16 > 19.18 ± 4.82 ml/m, P < 0.05); Difference on LAVI was significant in four groups after adjusting for age, gender, HR, FPG, TC, TG and HDL (P < 0.05). (2) Pearson correlation analysis showed closer correlation between BMI with LAVI compared to SBP and DBP with LAVI (r values: 0.505, 0.240, 0.209, P < 0.001). After adjusting for other factors, the correlation between BMI and LAVI remains significant (β = 0.411, P < 0.001) while no significant relationship between SBP, DBP and LAVI was found. One unit BMI increase is associated with 0.052 cm enlargement of left atrial diameter (LAD), 1.053 ml increase of left atrial volume (LAV) and 0.710 ml/m increase of LAVI.

CONCLUSIONThe impact of obesity on the size of left atrium is greater than that of hypertension. Obesity and hypertension have synergistic effects on enlarging left atria.

Adult ; Anthropometry ; Female ; Heart Atria ; pathology ; Humans ; Hypertension ; complications ; pathology ; Hypertrophy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity ; complications ; pathology

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to synthesis the results of research on relationships of cognitive impairment with multi-dimensional correlates of rheumatic disease through a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. METHODS: For the study purpose, 23 studies were selected through a systematic process of searching the literature. RESULTS: The study results showed that among general characteristics, age and education were the variables having a significant relationship with cognitive impairment. Among health risk factors, obesity appeared to have a significant positive relationship with cognitive impairment. For past history, diabetes and hypertension were shown to have a significant positive relationship with cognitive impairment. It was noted also that aPL, one of the physiological factor, had significant association with cognitive impairment. None of the medication related factors had a significant relationship with cognitive impairment. Results showed that among disease related factors, disease activity had the highest relationship with cognitive impairment. Depression, among psychological factors, was the only variable having a significant relationship with cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that the variables strongly impacting on cognitive impairment in rheumatic disease are depression and disease activity.
Anxiety ; Cognition ; Cognition Disorders/complications/*pathology ; Databases, Factual ; Depression/complications ; Humans ; Hypertension/complications ; Obesity/complications ; Rheumatic Diseases/complications/*pathology ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical characteristics of endometrial carcinoma in patients below 45 years of age.

METHODSThe clinical data were collected from 53 patients with endometrial carcinoma below 45 years of age, who were divided into less than 40 year group (group A, 28 cases) and 40 to 45 year group (group B, 25 cases) and their clinical data were compared.

RESULTSA rate of 57.1% (16/28) of the patients in group A were infertile, and 78.5% (22/28) reported irregular menstruation. In group B, the infertility rate was 28.0% (7/25), and 48% (12/25) of the patients were obese, 56% (14/25) had abnormal vaginal bleeding, and 32% (8/25) had diabetes and hypertension. The two groups differed significantly in the infertility rate, number of pregnancies and deliveries and the incidences of obesity, hypertension and diabetes. The pathological classification, grade of differentiation, pathological staging, depth of myometrial invasion, and cervical infiltration status were comparable between the two groups (P>0.05). All the 53 patients received surgical interventions and follow. up for two years, during which 1 patients in group B had relapse.

CONCLUSIONPatients with endometrial carcinoma at 40 years of age or below often have infertility, and those over 40 years are exposed to such high-risk factors as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. Its major clinical symptom of endometrial carcinoma is menstrual disorders. The differentiation, pathological staging, pathological classification of the malignancy are not associated with age in patients below 45 years of age. Early diagnosis often warrants more favorable prognosis.

Adult ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; complications ; Endometrial Neoplasms ; complications ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; complications ; Infertility, Female ; complications ; Menstruation Disturbances ; complications ; Obesity ; complications ; Risk Factors

Objective: To investigate the effect of visceral fat area (VFA) on the surgical efficacy and early postoperative complications of radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Methods: A retrospective cohort study method was used. Clinicopathological data and preoperative imaging data of 195 patients who underwent D2 radical gastric cancer surgery at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from January 2014 to December 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. Inclusion criteria: (1) complete clinicopathological and imaging data; (2) malignant gastric tumor diagnosed by preoperative pathology, and gastric cancer confirmed by postoperative pathology; (3) no preoperative complications such as bleeding, obstruction or perforation, and no distant metastasis. Those who had a history of abdominal surgery, concurrent malignant tumors, poor basic conditions, emergency surgery, palliative resection, and preoperative neoadjuvant therapy were excluded. The VFA was calculated by software and VFA ≥ 100 cm² was defined as visceral obesity according to the Japan Obesity Association criteria . The patients were divided into high VFA (VFA-H, VFA≥100 cm², n=96) group and low VFA (VFA-L, VFA<100 cm², n=99) group . The clinicopathological characteristics, surgical outcomes and early postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression models were used to analyze the risk factors of early complications. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze predictive values of VFA for early complications. Pearson's χ² test was used to analyze the correlation between BMI and VFA. Results: There were no significant differences in terms of gender, age, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification, preoperative comorbidities, preoperative anemia, tumor TNM staging, N staging, T staging and tumor differentiation, surgical method, extent of resection, and tumor location between the VFA-L group and the VFA-H group (all P>0.05). However, patients in the VFA-H group had higher BMI, larger tumor, lower rate of hypoalbuminemia and greater subcutaneous fat area (SFA) (all P<0.05). The VFA-H group presented significantly longer operation time and significantly less number of harvested lymph nodes as compared to the VFA-L group (both P<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in intraoperative blood loss, conversion to laparotomy and postoperative hospital stay (all P>0.05). Complications of Clavien-Dindo grade II and above within 30 days after operation were mainly anastomosis-related complications (leakage, bleeding, infection and stricture), intestinal obstruction and incision infection. The VFA-H group had a higher morbidity of early complications compared to the VFA-L group [24.0% (23/96) vs 10.1% (10/99), χ²=6.657, P=0.010], and the rates of anastomotic complications and incision infection were also higher in the VFA group [10.4% (10/96) vs. 3.0% (3/99), χ²=4.274, P=0.039; 7.3% (7/96) vs. 1.0% (1/99), P=0.033]. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that high BMI (OR=3.688, 95%CI: 1.685-8.072, P=0.001) and high VFA (OR=2.526, 95%CI: 1.148-5.559,P=0.021) were independent risk factors for early complications. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of VFA for predicting early complications was 0.645, which was higher than that of body weight (0.591), BMI (0.624) and SFA (0.626). Correlation analysis indicated that there was a significantly positive correlation between BMI and VFA (r=0.640, P<0.001). Conclusion: VFA ≥ 100 cm² is an independent risk factor for early complications after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer.It can better predict the occurrence of above early postoperative complications.
Gastrectomy/methods* ; Humans ; Laparoscopy/methods* ; Lipids ; Obesity/surgery* ; Obesity, Abdominal/surgery* ; Postoperative Complications/epidemiology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms/pathology*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of MetS on the prognosis of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). METHODS: Clinical and pathological data and the laboratory test of ccRCC 342 patients with diverticular stones who underwent ccRCC who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy were retrospectively collected and analyzed.The patients were divided into MetS group and non-MetS group, and the subgroups were defined according to the tumor size. The overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and progression-free survival (PFS) of the two groups were analyzed by univariate Cox analysis, and the subgroup analyses were also performed. Kaplan-Meier survival curve and survival analysis for OS, CSS, and PFS of the two groups and the subgroups were conducted. RESULTS: Univariate Cox analysis showed that MetS was a protective factor of postoperative OS [hazard ratio (HR)=0.551, 95%CI: 0.321-0.949, P=0.031], CSS (HR=0.460, 95%CI: 0.234-0.905, P=0.025), and PFS (HR 0.585, 95%CI: 0.343-0.998, P=0.049) in the patients with ccRCC. In the subgroup with tumor size≤4 cm, MetS was not associated with postoperative OS (HR=0.857, 95%CI: 0.389-1.890, P=0.702), CSS (HR=1.129, 95%CI: 0.364-3.502, P=0.833), and PFS (HR=1.554, 95%CI: 0.625-3.864, P=0.343). In the subgroup with tumor size>4 cm, Mets was a protective factor of postoperative OS (HR=0.377, 95%CI: 0.175-0.812, P=0.013), CSS (HR=0.280, 95%CI: 0.113-0.690, P=0.006), and PFS (HR=0.332, 95%CI: 0.157-0.659, P=0.002); Obesity was a protective factor of postoperative CSS (HR=0.464, 95%CI: 0.219-0.981, P=0.044), and PFS (HR=0.445, 95%CI: 0.238-0.833, P=0.011). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the long-term survival of patients with MetS was better than those without MetS in OS (P=0.029), CSS (P=0.021), and PFS (P=0.046); for the subgroup with tumor size≤4 cm, there was no significant difference in postoperative OS (P=0.702), CSS (P=0.833), and PFS (P=0.339) between patients with and without MetS; For the subgroup with tumor size>4 cm, the OS (P=0.010), CSS (P=0.003), and PFS (P=0.001) of patients with MetS were better than those without MetS. CONCLUSION MetS was a protective factor of postoperative OS, CSS, and PFS in the patients with ccRCC, which was more obvious in subgroup with tumor size>4 cm. And obesity, the component of MetS, was correlated with postoperative OS and CSS.
Carcinoma ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell/surgery* ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms/pathology* ; Metabolic Syndrome/complications* ; Obesity ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Colorectal adenoma and cancer are known to be associated with obesity. Leptin, an adipocyte-derived hormone that plays a crucial role in obesity has been suggested as a growth factor in colon cancer. However, the association between adenoma and leptin remains controversial. We evaluated the leptin expression in human colorectal adenoma and its correlation to clinicopathologic factors. METHODS: Leptin expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 91 samples of colorectal adenoma larger than 5 mm, which were removed by endoscopic polypectomy. All patients underwent colonoscopy for cancer screening at Seoul Paik Hospital from 2007 to 2008 and we only included the patients less than 50 years of age. Leptin expression and its relationship with clinicopathologic features were analyzed. RESULTS: Eighty samples were available for the interpretation of leptin expression and showed positive in 42 (52.5%) cases and negative in 38 (47.5%) cases. As body mass index (BMI) increased based on World Health Organization (WHO) classification the positivity of leptin expression also increased (p(trend)=0.02). In leptin positive group, the correlation of leptin expression with adenoma size and histological showed positive tendency without statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Leptin expression of colorectal adenoma was associated with BMI. The question of whether leptin contributes to colorectal adenoma development is unresolved and will require additional studies.
Adenoma/complications/metabolism/*pathology ; Adult ; Body Mass Index ; Colonoscopy ; Colorectal Neoplasms/complications/metabolism/*pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Leptin/*metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity/complications

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in children with obesity.

METHODSTwo hundred and thirty-one obese children and 24 non-obese children as control were enrolled. Body mass index (BMI), serum triglyceride, blood pressure, liver function, and carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) were examined. The obese children were classified into two subgroups according to the diagnosis criteria: group 1 without liver disorder (OCWLD group, n=75) and group 2 with NAFLD (NAFLD group, n=156). The incidences of hyperlipidemia and hypertension, carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and biochemical indicators were compared in the three groups.

RESULTSThe NAFLD group showed significantly greater carotid IMT (0.066+/-0.021 cm) than the OCWLD (0.060+/-0.011 cm) and control groups (0.037+/-0.007 cm) (P<0.05). The OCWLD group had also thicker IMT than the control group (P<0.05). The incidences of hyperlipidemia and hypertension were 39.7% and 40.4%, respectively in the NAFLD group, which were significantly higher than those in the OCWLD (22.7% and 29.3% respectively)and control groups (4.2% and 12.6% respectively) (P<0.05). The liner stepwise regression analysis showed that the IMT was positively correlated with BMI, NAFLD and ALT (adjusted R2=0.316, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSNAFLD may be not only an early marker but also an early state of CVD in obese children. Early diagnosis and treatment of NAFLD is crucial for the prevention of the occurrence and development of CVD.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; etiology ; Carotid Arteries ; pathology ; Child ; Fatty Liver ; complications ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; epidemiology ; Male ; Obesity ; complications

Abnormalities, Multiple ; diagnosis ; Child ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; complications ; Female ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; complications ; Humans ; Obesity ; complications ; Prognosis ; Retinitis Pigmentosa ; complications ; Skin ; pathology ; Syndrome

Börjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome (BFLS) is a rare X-linked intellectual disability. The main features of the patients include intellectual disability/global developmental delay, characteristic face, anomalies of fingers and toes, hypogonadism, linear skin hyperpigmentation, and tooth abnormalities in female patients, and obesity in male patients. A case of BFLS caused by a novel mutation of PHF6 gene who was treated in the Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University was reported. The 11 months old girl presented the following symptons: Global developmental delay, characteristic face, sparse hair, ocular hypertelorism, flat nasal bridge, hairy anterior to the tragus, thin upper lip, dental anomalies, ankyloglossia, simian line, tapering fingers, camptodactylia, and linear skin hyperpigmentation. The gene results of the second-generation sequencing technology showed that there was a novel heterozygous mutation site c.346C>T (p.Arg116*) of the PHF6 (NM032458.3), variation rating as pathogenic variation. During the follow-up, the patient developed astigmatism, strabismus, awake bruxism, and stereotyped behavior, and the linear skin hyperpigmentation became gradually more evident. The disease is lack of effective therapy so far.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Child ; Infant ; Intellectual Disability/genetics* ; Mental Retardation, X-Linked/pathology* ; Obesity/complications* ; Hypogonadism/pathology*