OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship of leptin gene polymorphism with obesity in ethnic minority Hui and Uygur children in China.

METHODSSixty-eight ethnic minority (35 Hui and 33 Uygur) children with obesity and 69 age-matched minority (36 Hui and 33 Uygur) children without obesity were recruited from six primary schools in the sub-urban areas of Urumqi. Venous blood was sampled from all subjects after fasting for 12 hours. Leptin gene C2549A polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. Blood concentrations of lipids, leptin and insulin were measured with biochemical methods and radioimmunoassys, respectively.

RESULTSIn the 137 children tested, the prevalence of AA, AC and CC genotype was 9.5%, 33.6% and 56.9%, respectively. A allele frequency was significantly different between the two ethnic (i.e. Hui and Uygur) groups (P<0.05). A allele frequency and AA+ AC genotype frequency were not significantly different between obese and non-obese children in both ethnic groups (P>0.05). Blood leptin levels were not significantly different between obese and non-obese children with an AA+AC or CC genotype in both ethnic groups (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSLeptin gene polymorphisms exist in Hui and Uygur children. The C2549A polymorphism is not significantly associated with the prevalence of obesity in both Hui and Uygur children.

Child ; China ; ethnology ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Leptin ; blood ; genetics ; Lipids ; blood ; Male ; Obesity ; blood ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic

PURPOSE: To evaluate lipid profiles and liver enzymes as surrogate markers used for recognizing insulin resistance in Korean women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 458 women with PCOS were divided into two groups: non-obese with a body mass index (BMI)<25.0 kg/m2 and obese with a BMI> or =25.0 kg/m2. Anthropometric measures and blood sampling for hormone assay, liver enzymes, lipid profiles and 75 g oral glucose tolerance test were performed. Insulin resistance was defined as homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)> or =2.5. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to compare the power of serum markers. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the contribution of each confounding factor for HOMA-IR. RESULTS: In non-obese and obese groups, the ROC curve analyses demonstrated that the best marker for insulin resistance was triglyceride (TG), with the areas under the ROC curve of 0.617 and 0.837, respectively. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was the significant marker for insulin resistance with areas under the ROC curve of 0.698 in obese group, but not significant in non-obese group. TG and LDL-C were significantly associated with HOMA-IR in both non-obese and obese PCOS women by multiple linear regression analysis. The optimal cut-off points of TG> or =68.5 was a marker for predicting insulin resistance in non-obese PCOS patients and TG> or =100.5 in obese group. CONCLUSION: TG can be used as a useful marker for insulin resistance in Korean women with PCOS, especially for obese patients.
Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group/ethnology ; Biological Markers/blood ; Body Mass Index ; Cholesterol, LDL/blood ; Female ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Humans ; Insulin/blood ; Insulin Resistance/ethnology/*physiology ; Lipids/blood ; Obesity/*blood/ethnology ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/*blood/ethnology ; ROC Curve ; Regression Analysis ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Triglycerides/*blood

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) level and metabolic syndrome (MS) in Uygur children and adolescents with overweight or obesity.

METHODSA total of 173 Uygur children or adolescents who were either overweight or obese and 200 controls with normal body weight were included in the study. Body weight, height, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and SUA were measured.

RESULTSThe overweight and obesity groups had significantly higher SUA levels (235 ± 42 and 285 ± 42 μmol/L respectively) than the control group (199 ± 32 μmol/L; P<0.01). The subjects with SUA levels of 300-349 μmol/L and ≥ 350 μmol/L had significantly higher incidence of MS, overweight/obesity, hypertension and dyslipidemia than those with SUA levels of <250 μmol/L and 250-299 μmol/L (P<0.01). There were significant differences in SUA levels between groups with different MS components. SUA level was significantly increased in groups with more MS components (P<0.01). Every 1 kg/m2 increment in body mass index (BMI) was associated with 5.74 μmol/L increase in SUA level, according to a multivariate regression analysis.

CONCLUSIONSUygur children and adolescents who are either overweight or obese have higher SUA levels than those with normal body weight. The incidence of MS and its components rises with increasing SUA level. BMI has a positive relationship with SUA.

Adolescent ; Body Mass Index ; Child ; China ; ethnology ; Female ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome ; blood ; Obesity ; blood ; Overweight ; blood ; Uric Acid ; blood

OBJECTIVETo investigate the -3826A/G polymorphism in the promoter of the uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) gene and its relations to obesity in Chinese population.

METHODSThree hundred and eighty-four subjects (257 non-obese and 127 obese individuals) from a population of Chinese Han nationality in Chengdu area were studied using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLPs). Serum lipids were measured by enzymatic kits and apolipoproteins A I, A II, B100, C II, C III and E were measured by the RID kits.

RESULTSThe frequencies of A and G alleles at -3826A/G site in obese and non-obese groups were 0.508 and 0.492, and 0.467 and 0.533, respectively. It showed no significant difference in allele frequencies between non-obese and obese groups (P > 0.05). In the obese group, subjects with genotype GG had higher serum apo B100 concentrations, and those with genotype AG had higher apo C II and apo C III levels, than those with genotype AA, respectively (P < 0.05). In non-obese male subgroup, subjects with genotype GG had lower serum HDL-C and apo A I levels than those with genotype AA, respectively (P < 0.05), whereas those with genotype AG had lower apo A II levels than those with genotype AA. In addition, in obese males with genotype GG had elevated apo B100 levels compared with those with genotype AA, whereas in obese females with genotype GG had decreased apo AI levels and genotype AG had increased apo C II and apo C III levels compared with those with genotype AG and AA, respectively (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION-3826A/G polymorphism in the promoter of the uncoupling protein-1 gene was not associated with obesity in Chinese Han population of Chengdu area. It may be associated with serum HDL-C, apo A I and apo B100 levels in non-obese and/or obese subjects of certain genders.

Adult ; Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; ethnology ; genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Ion Channels ; genetics ; Lipids ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mitochondrial Proteins ; genetics ; Obesity ; blood ; ethnology ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Uncoupling Protein 1

OBJECTIVETo study blood pressure levels, the prevalence of hypertension and factors associated with the development of hypertension in Hasakh children in the Yili region of Xinjiang Province.

METHODSA total of 2438 Hasakh school children from the Yili region of Xinjiang Province were sampled by stratified random cluster sampling method between May and June 2009. Height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, skinfold thickness and blood pressure were measured. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated.

RESULTSMean systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were 94±13 mm Hg and 60±9 mm Hg respectively in the 2438 children, and both averages were lower than in the Han children. Hypertension was noted in 138 children (5.66%). The prevalence of hypertension in girls (6.97%, 84/1206) was higher than in boys (4.38%, 54/1232) (P<0.05). The prevalence of hypertension and blood pressone were positively correlated with BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, skinfold thickness circumference, gender and age.

CONCLUSIONSAverage blood pressure levels in Hasakh children in the Yili region of Xinjiang Province are lower than in domestic age-matched Han children. The prevalence of hypertension in girls is higher than in boys. Obesity is highly correlated with the development of hypertension.

Adolescent ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; ethnology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Male ; Obesity ; physiopathology ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Skinfold Thickness ; Waist Circumference

PURPOSE: This study determined which obesity measurement correlates the best with diabetes and prediabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study enrolled 1603 subjects (611 men, 992 women; age 30-64 years) at the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center. Body mass index, waist circumference, waist-height ratio, waist-hip ratio, waist-thigh ratio, and visceral fat were used as measures of obesity. Visceral fat was acquired using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The prevalences of diabetes and prediabetes were defined using the criteria in the American Diabetes Association 2015 guidelines. RESULTS: After adjusting for age and other potential confounding factors, participants with a visceral fat mass in the upper 10th percentile had a higher odds ratio (OR) for diabetes and prediabetes than the upper 10th percentile of other adiposity indices [men, OR=15.9, 95% confidence interval (CI)=6.4-39.2; women, OR=6.9, 95% CI=3.5-13.7]. Visceral fat mass also had the highest area under the curve with diabetes and prediabetes in both men (0.69, 95% CI=0.64-0.73) and women (0.70, 95% CI=0.67-0.74) compared to other anthropometric measurements of obesity. CONCLUSION: Visceral fat mass measured using DXA is an indicator of diabetes or prediabetes, due to its ability to differentiate between abdominal visceral and subcutaneous fat.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; *Adiposity ; Adult ; Anthropometry ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group/*statistics & numerical data ; Biomarkers/blood ; Body Mass Index ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus/*ethnology ; Female ; Humans ; *Intra-Abdominal Fat ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity/complications/*ethnology ; Odds Ratio ; Prediabetic State/*ethnology ; Prevalence ; Prospective Studies ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Waist Circumference

INTRODUCTIONObesity is a major modifiable risk factor associated with most chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of obesity, and its associated risk factors, among apparently healthy Chinese adults in a Malaysian suburban village.

METHODSThis was a cross-sectional study conducted among the Chinese residents in Seri Kembangan New Village, Klang Valley, Selangor, Malaysia. Convenience sampling was used for the selection of participants. Body weight, height, waist and hip circumferences, and blood pressure were measured. Fasting venous plasma was drawn for the measurement of fasting glucose level and lipid profile. Data on sociodemographic factors, dietary habits, physical activity, perceived stress level and sleep duration were collected using interviewer-administered, pretested and validated questionnaires.

RESULTSAmong the 258 Chinese residents (mean age 41.4 ± 10.0 years) recruited, the prevalence of obesity was 40%. The obese participants had significantly higher mean blood pressure, and triglyceride and fasting plasma glucose levels than the non-obese participants (p < 0.05). The obese participants also had a significantly lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level than the non-obese participants. Logistic regression analysis showed that drinking soy milk (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.447; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.253-0.787; p < 0.05) and the perception that a balanced diet consists mainly of vegetables (adjusted OR 0.440; 95% CI 0.215-0.900; p < 0.05) were associated with a reduced risk of obesity. The risk of obesity was higher in younger participants (adjusted OR 2.714; 95% CI 1.225-6.011; p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe prevalence of obesity was high among the apparently healthy suburban Chinese. Our findings suggest that soy milk consumption and the perception that a balanced diet consists mainly of vegetables are associated with a lower risk of developing obesity in this population.

Adult ; Anthropometry ; Blood Glucose ; analysis ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; diagnosis ; China ; ethnology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Malaysia ; epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Motor Activity ; Obesity ; epidemiology ; ethnology ; Odds Ratio ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Soy Milk ; Suburban Population ; Triglycerides ; blood ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To explore the risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) of Dong nationality in Western Hunan, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of T2DM in the district. METHODS: In the case-control study, the subjects were divided into a T2DM group, an impaired glucose regulation (IGR) group and a normal glucose tolerance (NGT) group through oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). A questionnaire survey was conducted, and physical measurements and the detection of blood glucose, blood lipids and serum insulin were done. RESULTS: Univariate analysis found significant difference in age, fasting insulin (FINS), HOMA insulin resistance index (HOMA-IRI), HOMA β-cell function index (HOMA-βC), trigalloyl glycerol (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure in the glucose metabolism among different groups (P<0.05). Body mass index (BMI), waist/hip ratio (WHR), family history of diabetes, number of physical activities per week, dinner taste, fat and protein-rich foods, fresh vegetables and fruits intake were associated with T2DM. Multifactor non-conditional ordinal logistic regression indicated that age was the risk factor of T2DM and IGR. Compared with the group whose age was≤50, the odds ratios of the groups of 5070 were 1.85, 2.83 and 2.64 respectively, P<0.05. The risk of suffering from diabetes of the overweighted or obese people was 2.13 times that of a normal BMI group, P<0.01. The other influencing factors included WHR (OR=2.06), family history of diabetes (OR=11.36), and fat and protein-rich foods (OR=1.90). CONCLUSION The main influencing factors of T2DM of Dong nationality in Western Hunan include age, BMI, WHR, family history of diabetes, fat and protein-rich foods. We must strengthen the health eduation of T2DM of Dong nationality in Western Hunan to reduce the risk of T2DM.
Blood Glucose ; Body Mass Index ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; epidemiology ; ethnology ; Ethnic Groups ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Humans ; Insulin ; Insulin Resistance ; Insulin-Secreting Cells ; Lipids ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Risk Factors ; Socioeconomic Factors

OBJECTIVETo study the association of rs9939609 polymorphism of the fat mass and obesity associated gene (FTO) with overweight or obesity in Hazakh children.

METHODSPCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to determine the rs9939609 polymorphism in 141 patients with overweight or obesity and 138 healthy controls. Height and weight were measured for body mass index (BMI). Serum lipid levels including total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood pressure, plasma glucose levels, and plasma insulin were also determined.

RESULTSThe genotype distributions of both groups were in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The frequencies of AA, AT and TT were 0.071, 0.511 and 0.418 in the overweight or obesity group, and 0.029, 0.428 and 0.543 in the controls (Chi-square = 5.74, P= 0.057). However, the frequency of AA+ AT genotype in case group (0.582, 82/141) was higher than that in the controls (0.457, 63/138)(Chi-square = 4.368, P= 0.037). The A allele frequency in the case group (0.326) was higher than that in the controls (0.243) (Chi-square = 4.772, P= 0.029). In both groups, the plasma glucose levels of individuals with AA+ AT genotype (4.88± 0.51 mol/L) was higher than those with TT genotypes (4.68± 0.56 mol/L)(P= 0.026). Logistic regression analysis showed that the A allele of the FTO gene was an independent risk factor for overweight or obesity (OR= 0.527; 95%CI: 0.319-0.869).

CONCLUSIONThe A allele of the fat mass and obesity associated gene might be a risk factor of overweight or obesity in Hazakh children in Xinjiang.

Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO ; Analysis of Variance ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; China ; ethnology ; Ethnic Groups ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity ; blood ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; genetics ; Proteins ; genetics

INTRODUCTIONWe assessed the predictors of poor glycaemic control among older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Malaysia.

METHODSThis cross-sectional study used the data of 21,336 patients aged ≥ 60 years with T2DM from the Adult Diabetes Control and Management Registry 2008-2009.

RESULTSPredictors of poor glycaemic control were: age groups 60-69 years (odds ratio [OR] 1.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.66-2.33) and 70-79 years (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.20-1.71); Malay (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.41-1.66) and Indian (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.19-1.46) ethnicities; T2DM durations of 5-10 years (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.35-1.58) and > 10 years (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.59-1.91); the use of oral antidiabetic agents only (OR 5.86, 95% CI 3.32-10.34), insulin only (OR 17.93, 95% CI 9.91-32.43), and oral antidiabetic agents and insulin (OR 29.42, 95% CI 16.47-52.53); and elevated blood pressure (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.01-1.20), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.38-1.59) and triglycerides (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.51-1.73). Hypertension (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.64-0.80), hypertension and dyslipidaemia (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.61-0.75), pre-obesity (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.82-0.98) and obesity (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.70-0.84) were less likely to be associated with poor glycaemic control.

CONCLUSIONYoung-old and middle-old age groups (i.e. < 80 years), Malay and Indian ethnicities, longer T2DM duration, the use of pharmacological agents, and elevated blood pressure and lipid levels were associated with poor glycaemic control. The presence of comorbidities, pre-obesity and obesity were less likely to be associated with poor glycaemic control.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Blood Pressure ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Comorbidity ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; blood ; complications ; ethnology ; Female ; Glycated Hemoglobin A ; metabolism ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; blood ; Hypertension ; complications ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Insulin ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity ; complications ; Registries ; Sex Factors ; Singapore ; Triglycerides ; blood