The mixed gangliocytoma-pituitary adenoma is a very rare intracranial neoplasm, and it is frequently associated with endocrine symptoms; acromegaly, Cushing's disease, galactorrhea and amenorrhea. Morphologically it shows a mixture of gangliocytoma and pituitary adenoma in various proportions. In the area of gangliocytoma, there is no neoplastic glial component. The portion of pituitary adenoma consists mainly of chromophobe cells. There are three hypotheses in its histogenesis. We report a case of a 41 year-old lady presented with acromegaly and amenorrhea existing for 3 years. On magnetic resonance image, there is a dumbell-shaped mass in the sellar region. Histologically it showed typical features of mixed gangliocytoma-pituitary adenoma. This case is presented in the view of its rarity and interesting possible histogeneses.
Acromegaly ; Adenoma* ; Adult ; Amenorrhea ; Brain ; Brain Neoplasms ; Female ; Galactorrhea ; Ganglioneuroma ; Humans ; Pituitary Neoplasms ; Pregnancy

A 14-year old boy was admitted with stuporous mentality. CT scan, MRI and cerebral angiogram revealed SAH and a giant aneurysm of right middle cerebral artery(4x5x5.3cm). To minimize surgical risk, endovascular treatment was done with MDS(mechanical detachable system)-spiral coil. Follow up MRI showed intraluminal thrombus formation of the aneurysm.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Facial nerve stimulation (FNS) as a complication of cochlear implantation can produce significant discomfort, limit effective use of cochlear implant, and require extensive reprogramming in some patients. The purpose of this study is to review the clinical features of children with FNS after cochlear implantation and to discuss its possible solutions. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Thirteen children who had FNS after cochlear implantation were included. Their medical records were reviewed retrospectively regarding the presence of inner ear anomaly (IEA), the programming techniques for cochlear implant, timing and progression of FNS, and the management of it. RESULTS: Ten out of 13 children (76.9%) with FNS had IEA. In those 10 patients with IEA, FNS appeared within 6 months from the operation and showed a tendency of being relevant to all electrodes. Authors used four methods to eliminate FNS. They included (a) turning off the specific electrodes when FNS seems related to some specific electrodes, (b) changing the coding strategy or the programming mode, which proved not to be effective, (c) reducing the C-level, which resulted in severe narrowing of dynamic range as well as a relative control of FNS, and (d) surgical exploration in specific cases. CONCLUSION: FNS after CI is at greater risk for IEA. FNS in those cases can interfere with the progression of speech development. This should be sufficiently informed of the parents of CI candidates with IEA preoperatively. Surgical exploration can be reserved for elimination of FNS in specific cases.
Child* ; Clinical Coding ; Cochlear Implantation* ; Cochlear Implants* ; Ear, Inner ; Electrodes ; Facial Nerve* ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Parents ; Retrospective Studies