It was suggested by most researchers that train drivers’ workload and alertness levels attribute to train accidents. The main objective of this study is to determine the significant patterns of mental workload and alertness levels of train drivers with respect to the conditions. The data are collected from simulation experiments on 15 professional train drivers. The simulation experiments are performed under three driving conditions (i.e. daytime, rainy daytime and rainy night) using a train driving simulator set. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are collected from six significant points on the body of the subjects. It is found that the mental workload of the train drivers tends to be high during rainy night driving condition and sleepiness occurs which is indicative of low vigilance. The beta amplitude increases under rainy night driving condition which may be attributed to viewing difficulties while driving in the dark. The results reveal that there is a significant different between each session (p = 0.042) especially with the pattern for rainy night driving. It is also observed that there is lower mental workload among the train drivers, which indicates that the train drivers are detached from their work.

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer among women in Malaysia with an estimation of 1,682 new cases and 944 deaths as reported in the year 2018, and these statistics are expected to increase by the year 2025. Early detection of cervical cancer through Pap smear screening may prevent an increase in incidence. Hence, this study was aimed to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) towards Pap smear screening in the urban community. Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Pap smear screening and association with KAP among 246 randomly selected women. Primary data was collected by using a self-administered online questionnaire and analysed using SPSS version 23. Results: Prevalence of Pap smear screening was recorded at 46.6%. Mean score for knowledge was 0.858±0.247, the attitude was 0.847±0.156 and practice was 0.423±0.426. There is a significant difference in KAP towards Pap smear screening (p<0.001) whereby practice was lower compared to knowledge and attitude. Although women have good knowledge and attitude towards the topic of Pap smear screening, it does not associate in promoting good practice (V=0.732). Conclusion: KAP analysis revealed that practice is highly correlated with prevalence. Socio-culture factors and fatalistic attitude may play a role in the low results of practice. Conducting more Pap smear awareness campaign with relation to socio-culture may help improve the practice of Pap smear.