No abstract available.
Esophagus* ; Numismatics*

For pharmacometricians, probability theory is the very first obstacle towards the statistics since it is solely founded on mathematics. The purpose of this tutorial is to provide a simple version of introduction to a univariate random variable, its mean, variance, and the correlation coefficient of two random variables using as simple mathematics as possible. The definitions and theorems in this tutorial appear in most of the statistics books in common. Most examples are small and free of subjects like coins, dice, and binary signals so that the readers can intuitively understand them.
Mathematics ; Numismatics ; Probability Theory

Tumor of follicular infundibulum is the term coined by Mehregan and Butler in 1961 for a benign hyperplastic lesion that extends from the follicular infundibulum as an epithelial plate with underlying elastic fiber network. This tumor appears as a slightly elevated keratotic lesion and is characterized histologically by proliferation of follicular sheath epithelium in the form of a thin subepidermal plate. We present a typical case of tumor of follicular infundibulum in the left shoulder area of 74 year-old-man. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a solitary tumor of follicular infundibulum in Korea.
Elastic Tissue ; Epithelium ; Korea ; Numismatics ; Shoulder

We report a case of a morphologic variant of dermatofibroma. A coin sized, brownish, shinny, somewhat fibrotic pedunculated tumor in a 39-year-old male was diagnosed as a sclerosing hemangioma, a type of dermatofibroma histopathologically. Its dome shape morphology was unusual in comparison with the typical morphology of dermatofibroma that we know.
Adult ; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous* ; Humans ; Male ; Numismatics

The term 'isotopic response' was coined by Wolf to describe the emergence of a new skin disease at the site of another, unrelated, and already healed skin disease; most commonly herpes zoster. In the dermatologic literature, although a number of cutaneous lesions have been observed to develop at the site of healed herpes zoster, chronic cutaneous graft-versus-host reaction has been rarely reported. We herein report two cases of chronic cutaneous graftversus-host reaction which clinically presented as an isotopic response.
Herpes Zoster ; Numismatics ; Skin ; Skin Diseases ; Wolves

Aneurysmal bone cyst is a rare, non-neoplastic condition, which was first coined by Jaffe and Lichtenstein in 1942. Clavicle is an unusual site for aneurysmal bone cyst. Authors present a case of aneurysmal bone cyst which was found in the right clavicle of a 5 years old boy, because of its rarity of site of predilection.
Aneurysm ; Bone Cysts ; Clavicle ; Humans ; Male ; Numismatics

Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid ; Numismatics ; Palate ; Prognosis ; Recurrence

Seborrheic keratosis is a common skin disease in the elderly, and when multiple lesions are present, scattered distribution is the rule. Herein, we report an interesting case of agminated form seborrheic keratosis distributed as an agminated form. A 56-year-old female presented with 2-3mm sized multiple brownish papules on the left-cheek. The small papules were scattered in a small area as a shape of coin. To the best of our knowledge, this type of distribution of seborrheic keratosis has not so far been reported.
Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Keratosis, Seborrheic* ; Middle Aged ; Numismatics ; Skin Diseases

A 17-year-old male had a coin sized, follicular plaque on the glabella for 3 months. Histopathologic examination revealed reticular degeneration in the pilosebaceous follicles and amorphous homogenous materials between the degenerated cells. Alcian blue and toluidine blue stained the material as blue and metachromatically purple, respectively. The material was subsequently confirmed as acid mucopolysaccharide. Two months after the initial visit, the lesion showed a tendancy to heal spontaneously. According to the data obtained, the case was considered as an acute benign form of follicular mucinosis.
Adolescent ; Alcian Blue ; Humans ; Male ; Mucinosis, Follicular* ; Numismatics ; Tolonium Chloride

OBJECTIVES: The relationship between substance dependence and poor decision making has received much attention in recent years. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that alcohol dependent subjects would demonstrate a more perseverative decision-making pattern, during ambiguous situations. METHODS: 15 alcohol dependent patients and 15 healthy normal controls performed a novel computerized decision-making task, which presented figures of coins. The subjects were instructed to guess whether the total number of coins was 'odd' or 'even'. Besides these two response, one could select a third alternative - 'pass' - in case the chances were assumed to be low. RESULTS: There was significant difference in performance between the two groups (F=4.339, p=0.008). The control group gained 15.4+/-14.4 points, whereas the alcohol dependent group lost 0.6+/-5.3 points. The normal control group demonstrated a tendency to make more pass responses as the trials were repeated. In contrast, the alcohol dependent group didn't make use of the alternative, but kept challenging between 'odd' and 'even', although they sensed that the chances were low. CONCLUSION: The alcohol dependent patients demonstrated a more rigid and perseverative response pattern and showed deficits in making use of compromise alternatives.
Alcoholism ; Decision Making ; Humans ; Numismatics ; Substance-Related Disorders