No abstract available.
Esophagus* ; Numismatics*

For pharmacometricians, probability theory is the very first obstacle towards the statistics since it is solely founded on mathematics. The purpose of this tutorial is to provide a simple version of introduction to a univariate random variable, its mean, variance, and the correlation coefficient of two random variables using as simple mathematics as possible. The definitions and theorems in this tutorial appear in most of the statistics books in common. Most examples are small and free of subjects like coins, dice, and binary signals so that the readers can intuitively understand them.
Mathematics ; Numismatics ; Probability Theory

Tumor of follicular infundibulum is the term coined by Mehregan and Butler in 1961 for a benign hyperplastic lesion that extends from the follicular infundibulum as an epithelial plate with underlying elastic fiber network. This tumor appears as a slightly elevated keratotic lesion and is characterized histologically by proliferation of follicular sheath epithelium in the form of a thin subepidermal plate. We present a typical case of tumor of follicular infundibulum in the left shoulder area of 74 year-old-man. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a solitary tumor of follicular infundibulum in Korea.
Elastic Tissue ; Epithelium ; Korea ; Numismatics ; Shoulder

We report a case of a morphologic variant of dermatofibroma. A coin sized, brownish, shinny, somewhat fibrotic pedunculated tumor in a 39-year-old male was diagnosed as a sclerosing hemangioma, a type of dermatofibroma histopathologically. Its dome shape morphology was unusual in comparison with the typical morphology of dermatofibroma that we know.
Adult ; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous* ; Humans ; Male ; Numismatics

The term 'isotopic response' was coined by Wolf to describe the emergence of a new skin disease at the site of another, unrelated, and already healed skin disease; most commonly herpes zoster. In the dermatologic literature, although a number of cutaneous lesions have been observed to develop at the site of healed herpes zoster, chronic cutaneous graft-versus-host reaction has been rarely reported. We herein report two cases of chronic cutaneous graftversus-host reaction which clinically presented as an isotopic response.
Herpes Zoster ; Numismatics ; Skin ; Skin Diseases ; Wolves

Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid ; Numismatics ; Palate ; Prognosis ; Recurrence

Aneurysmal bone cyst is a rare, non-neoplastic condition, which was first coined by Jaffe and Lichtenstein in 1942. Clavicle is an unusual site for aneurysmal bone cyst. Authors present a case of aneurysmal bone cyst which was found in the right clavicle of a 5 years old boy, because of its rarity of site of predilection.
Aneurysm ; Bone Cysts ; Clavicle ; Humans ; Male ; Numismatics

The most common causes of tracheobronchial foreign bodies are peanuts in children, and meat and dentures in adults. The most common causes of esophageal foreign bodies are coins in children and meat in adults. It is possible to diagnose a foreign body by visualization on a chest radiograph, if the foreign bodies are radioopaque. However, if the foreign bodies are radiolucent and the patients do not remember the history of aspiration, it is important to evaluate CT findings for foreign bodies and their complications. We describe the CT findings of various thoracic foreign bodies in children and adults.
Adult ; Arachis ; Child ; Dentures ; Foreign Bodies ; Humans ; Meat ; Numismatics ; Thorax

INTRODUCTION: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was a newly coined term for a disease that existed prior to its naming in the mid 20th century. The issue about whether ADHD is a new disorder or merely a new name for an existing disorder is still controversial. The authors tried to find the clues to the answer for this question through reviewing historical documents for traces of ADHD. CONTENTS: We could find literatures and medical records that contain possible ADHD symptoms. In particular, in 1845, Heinrich Hoffmann's 'fidgety Philip' or 'Johnny Look-in-the-air' nearly satisfies today's criteria for ADHD. Methylphenidate was approved as a promising chemical for inattention in 1957 before the establishment of the concept of ADHD. In 1968, ADHD was first officially introduced as "Hyperactivity Reaction of Childhood" by DSM-II. In 1980, DSM-III, 'Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD)' was adopted as an official diagnostic term and changed to 'ADHD' since the creation of DSM-III-R in 1987. CONCLUSION: As stated above, ADHD has existed since long ago and became familiar via an advanced diagnostic system and therapeutic options.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Medical Records ; Methylphenidate ; Numismatics

Morning glory syndrome is a rare congenital clinical entity that results from abnormal optic nerve development. In 1970, Kindler reported on ten patients having this anomaly and coined the term "morning glory syndrome" because of its similarity to the flower. The ophthalmoscopic picture is characterized by an enlarged pink excavated optic disk containing a mass of white tissue at its center, surrounding the disk is a wide, grey, elevated annulus of chorioretinal pigment disturbance. The retinal vessels appear as multiple radially oriented branches near the edge of the disk. Vision is usually markedly reduced. We experienced four cases of morning glory syndrome demonstrating various ophthalmoscopic and fluorescein angiographic features.
Flowers ; Fluorescein ; Humans ; Numismatics ; Optic Disk ; Optic Nerve ; Retinal Vessels