OBJECTIVES: To study the urinary metabolic profile in rats with deep venous thrombosis （DVT） based on metabolomics and to screen out small molecular biomarkers for the diagnosis and forensic identification of DVT. METHODS: Inferior vena cava of rats was ligated to construct DVT models. The rats were randomly divided into three groups： DVT, sham, and control groups, 10 in each group. The urine of DVT and sham rats was collected during 24 hours in the metabolic cage at 48 hours after operating, meanwhile, 24 hours urine was collected in control group. The metabolic profile was analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance. SIMCA-P 14.1 software was used for pattern recognition. The variable importance in projection （VIP） value from orthogonal PLS-DA （OPLS-DA） model combined with Mann-Whitney U test were used to search the different metabolites in the urine. RESULTS: The metabolic profiles of urine from DVT, sham, and control groups had significant differences. The DVT, sham, and control groups could be distinguished by the partial least squares method-discriminant analysis （PLS-DA） model. Compared with the urine of the rats in control groups, the levels of leucine, glutamine, creatine, creatinine and sucrose in the urine of DVT rats were up-regulated, and the levels of 3-hydroxybutyrate, lactate, acetone, α-oxoglutarate, citrate and hippurate were down-regulated. CONCLUSIONS The different metabolites in the urine of DVT rats are expected to become its candidate biomarkers. The results can provide a research basis for the diagnosis, treatment and forensic identification of DVT.
Animals ; Biomarkers/blood* ; Discriminant Analysis ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods* ; Metabolome ; Metabolomics/methods* ; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular/methods* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Urine/chemistry* ; Venous Thrombosis/urine*

In the process of preparing and analyzing the metabonomics samples, there are lots of influential factors such as sample individual differences, environmental factors and human factors. Here we report a study on 3 healthy male SD rats of different samples carried out by different operators (n=4). It was a two-way experiment designed to explore the impact factors and lay the foundation for future experiments. The cluster analysis was employed in comparing 12 samples. The results showed that the differences of rats between the sample groups had a certain influence on the metabonomics data, and there was relatively little variability between the 4 operators. That is to say, whilst the sample are rather different from one another, a given sample is generally quite similar to itself in metabonomics study.
Animals ; Blood Chemical Analysis ; methods ; Cluster Analysis ; Humans ; Male ; Metabolomics ; methods ; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular ; methods ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reproducibility of Results

Escherichia coli ; chemistry ; cytology ; Fluorine Radioisotopes ; MAP Kinase Kinase 5 ; chemistry ; metabolism ; MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 3 ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular ; Protein Binding ; Protein Interaction Mapping ; methods ; Protein Interaction Maps