OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship of internet addiction and depression, and evaluate other possible related factors. METHODS: Data was based on the questionnaires from 300 college students in Seoul. Gender, age, major, family income, academic performance, people they live with, location, and main use of internet were included. We used Young`s Internet Addiction Test and Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) to measure the depression and addiction degree. RESULTS: In logistic regression analysis, it was found that gender, depression degree and main use of internet were significant variables. There were 136 males, 144 females in this study, and the risk of being addicted to internet were 10.9 times(CI:2.67~44.68) higher in male than female. People with moderate depression (Beck`s Depression Inventory(BDI) Score>20) also had higher risk(11.4 times, CI:2.03~63.95) to be addicted in internet than normal group. Lastly, in case of internet use, people who use internet for games and chatting were 6.38(CI:1.38~29.63) and 4.84 times(CI:1.30~18.06) risky compare to the group with web surfing. CONCLUSION: The result of this study suggests that there is noticeable relationship of internet addiction and depression. However we do not have evidence of exact relation between them, therefore more studies should be done.
Depression* ; Female ; Humans ; Internet* ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Seoul ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective To study the distribution of sleep duration in mid－pregnancy women and examine its association with prehypertension ( PHT) ． Methods In the baseline survey of a prospective cohort study，943 women in mid－pregnancy were recruited in Guangzhou，China in 2017－2018． A standardized questionnaire was used to assess demographic characteristics，sleep duration and other lifestyles． We obtained maternal blood pressure values，weights，heights，and medical histories from medical records． Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to examine the association between sleep duration and PHT． Ｒesults The average daily sleep duration of women in mid －pregnancy was ( 10. 41 ± 1. 67 ) hours，and it was negatively related to age and educational level． Overall，98. 33% of pregnant women had a daily sleep duration ≥ 7 h and the distribution was related to passive smoking． The average night time sleep duration was ( 9. 48±1. 21 ) hours，and it was negatively related to age and educational level． The daytime sleep duration was ( 0. 93 ± 0. 69 ) hours，and it was positively associated with physical activity． The average bedtime was( 22 ∶ 42 ± 1．24) ，and it was positively associated with passive smoking． The prevalence of PHT was 9. 61%． We did not observe any significant association between sleep duration and PHT． Conclusions The mid－pregnancy women in Guangzhou had relatively long sleep duration， and it differed by maternal age，educational level，physical activity，and passive smoking． There was no significant association between sleep duration and PHT．

Objective To compare the differences in the hypertension prevalence among children aged 7-12 in Guangzhou based on different references of hypertension. Methods A total of 7698 children aged 7-12 years old in Guangzhou were recruited by stratified cluster random sampling method. Demographic information such as gender and age was collected by questionnaire. Children’s height, weight, and blood pressure were objectively measured. There were five references for diagnosing children’s hypertension: Mi 2010, Mi 2017, Ma 2017, America 2004, and America 2017 reference. Results Based on the references above, the prevalence of hypertension for children aged 7-12 in Guangzhou reached a very high level. The prevalence of hypertension, high systolic blood pressure (SBP) and high diastolic blood pressure (DBP) based on Mi 2017 reference were all higher than those based on Mi 2010 reference, but both of them were distinctly higher than Ma 2017 reference. Compared with Mi 2010 reference, the agreement of diagnosis of high SBP and high DBP were both higher for Mi 2017 than those for Ma 2017. The agreement of high SBP was higher between Mi 2017 and America 2017 than that between Ma 2017 and America 2017 (Kappa: 0.846 vs. 0.727). Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension in children aged 7-12 in Guangzhou reachs a very high level. The prevalence of hypertension based on Mi 2017 reference is the highest and follows with America 2017 reference, and the agreement between them is excellent. Compared with Mi 2010 or America 2017 reference, the agreement for Ma 2017 is lower than that for Mi 2017 reference, respectively.

Objective To investigate the association between maternal food group intakes during pregnancy and the risk of infantile eczema in a Chinese population. Methods A prospective birth cohort study was conducted and 523 women were recruited at 20-28 weeks of pregnancy in Guangzhou from 2017 to 2018. A validated 81-item quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess maternal dietary intakes during the past month. Food items were divided into ten food groups according to the Chinese Dietary Guidelines. Offspring were followed up at 6 months by the symptom questionnaire of eczema. Multivariate Logistic regression model was conducted to evaluate the association between maternal food group intakes during pregnancy and the risk of infantile eczema. Results The cumulative incidence of eczema at 6 months was 51.8%. Maternal consumption of poultry was higher in the eczema group (27.62±25.20 g/d) than the control group (22.03±22.63 g/d, P=0.022). Comparing to the lowest quantile (Q1), higher maternal intake of poultry (Q4) and fish (Q3) were significantly associated with an increased risk of infantile eczema (OR=2.71, 95% CI=1.24-4.81; OR=2.38, 95% CI=1.23-4.59, respectively) after multivariate adjustment. Conclusion Higher intakes of poultry or fish during pregnancy were associated with an increased risk of infantile eczema in Chinese population.

BACKGROUNDCerebral alveolar echinococcosis (CAE) grows infiltratively like a malignant tumor, causing great harm to the human body. It is possible to display mass lesions of CAE using various imaging systems, but regarding the infiltrating proliferation active regions, it is difficult to evaluate its actual range using conventional magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI). This research focused on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)HMRS) techniques to find the mass and infiltration zone of CAE. We explored the marginal zone (MZ) of CAE nearly close to the actual infiltrating scope, to provide reliable images for clinical purposes, to overcome shortcomings of cMRI, to formulate beneficial clinical surgical plans and assess prognosis.

METHODSBetween September 2005 and May 2011, 15 patients who were suffering from CAE (36 effective lesions altogether) were examined by (1)HMRS at the first affiliated hospital of Xinjiang Medical University. Multi-voxel (1)HMRS was acquired with a 1.5T MRI scanner. Concentrations and the ratios of the metabolites of CAE were calculated. Furthermore, changes in the concentrations of the metabolites containing N-acetyl-aspartic-acid (NAA), choline (Cho), creatine (Cr), lipids and lactate (Lip + Lac) and the ratios of Cho/Cr, NAA/Cr, (Lip + Lac) /Cr were compared in the substantial region, 0 - 10 mm MZ, and 11 - 20 mm MZ of the infiltration zone, as well as the corresponding contralateral part of the normal brain parenchyma area (control group).

RESULTSIn this study, the ratios of Cho/Cr in the substantial region, 0 - 10 mm MZ of infiltration zone and the control group were 1.78 ± 0.70, 1.90 ± 0.54, and 0.78 ± 0.15, respectively; the ratios of NAA/Cr were 1.60 ± 0.20, 1.80 ± 0.42, 2.24 ± 0.86, respectively; the ratios of (Lip + Lac)/Cr were 25.69 ± 13.84, 25.18 ± 16.03, and 0.61 ± 0.15, respectively. From the control group, 11 - 20 mm MZ to 0 - 10 mm MZ and the substantial region of CAE, the concentrations of the metabolites showed that NAA and Cho decreased gradually and markedly. But (Lip + Lac) increased gradually and markedly. The ratios of Cho/Cr and NAA/Cr, (Lip + Lac)/Cr were statistically significant (P < 0.0083) between the substantial region and the control group, as well as between the 0 - 10 mm MZ and the control group. The ratios of Cho/Cr and NAA/Cr, (Lip + Lac)/Cr displayed no statistically significant differences (P > 0.0083) between the substantial region and the 0 - 10 mm MZ.

CONCLUSIONSThere was a pathological spectrum surrounding the infiltration zone of CAE. Multi-voxel 1HMRS has great clinical value for discerning the main lesion and the infiltration zone of CAE.

Adult ; Central Nervous System Infections ; pathology ; Echinococcosis ; pathology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

With the development and change of Uygur medicine, The sources,medicinal parts and producing area of some Uygur Medicine have changed. It is more important to master the classification, distribution and change of Uygur medicinal materials. These were more than 1 200 kinds Uygur medicine in history were resaerched by field investigation, philological research, and textual research, which main source of original plant were 140 families, 510 genera, 840 species; and source of original animal were 76 families, 107 genera, the original animal 141 species; 55 kinds of original mineral, which main producer were Xinjiang and Central Asia, West Asia, the Mediterranean, and North Africa, Southeast Asia and other provinces in China, there are individual medicinal materials from the Americas, Europe and other places. Through this study the classification, distribution, source and evolution of specific families and genera of Uygur medicine resources have mastered.It is hoped to provide theoretical basis for further research and development of Uygur medicinal materials.

Ziziphora bungeana is a kind of medicinal plants belongs to Labiatae,and it also a kind of geoherbs in Xinjiang. The main active ingredient linarin has a higher content in inflorescence than in other parts. In this study,high-throughput sequencing technology was used to reveal the transcriptome of the inflorescence of Z. bungeana,77 366 unigenes were acquired,of which 56 375 unigenes were annotated based on search of the database and classification. Through the analysis of metabolic pathways,sixty unigenes were probably encoding some enzymes involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathways. The contents of linarin in different parts were determined and the key genes were verified by qRT-PCR. The discovery provides the research basis for further analysis of the enzyme genes involved in the biosynthesis of the major flavonoid components in Z. bungeana.
Flavonoids ; biosynthesis ; Gene Expression Profiling ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Lamiaceae ; chemistry ; Transcriptome

This study was purposed to investigate the inhibitory effect of macrocalin A (MA) on proteasome of multiple myeloma U266 cells in vitro and molecular mechanism of MA-inducing apoptosis. U266 cells in vitro were incubated with different concentrations (2, 4, 8 µg/mL) of MA, the Hochest staining and Annexin-V/PI double staining were used to detect the apoptosis of U266 cells. The expressions of protein β1, β1i, β2, β2i, β5, β5i, ubiquitous, 19S subunit S6', and BAD,BCL-2, FAS, FAS-L,MAPK, PARP, Pro-caspase 3, cleaved-caspase 3 were detected by Western blot technique. The results showed that along with time prolonging and dose increasing of MA, the small and compact fluorescent particles were observed in cytoplasm and nucleus of U266 cells stained with Hoechst 33258, the Annexin V(+)/PI(-) cells and the total apoptosis cells (Annexin V(+)/PI(-) and Annexin V(+)/PI(+)) increased. MA could elevate the ubiquitylation level in U266 cells, suppress the expression of β1i,β2, β5i and 19S subunit S6', meanwhile the expression of BCJ-2, MAPK, PARP and pro-caspase 3 were down-regulated along with increasing of drug concentrations, but the expressions of BAD, FAS, FAS-L cleaved-caspase 3 were enhanced. It is concluded that MA can inhibit the effect of proteasome, and the mitochondrial pathway and death receptor pathway may play important roles in apoptosis of U266 cells induced by MA.
Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Diterpenes ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Multiple Myeloma ; pathology ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; metabolism ; Proteasome Inhibitors ; pharmacology