Tong Nibong is a Bidayuh village located at Sarawak Kalimantan border. Since the year 2004 to 2009, a total of 537 cases of malaria were recorded in Serian District of which 14 cases were reported from Kampung Tong Nibong. Community empowerment programme for malaria infection prevention showed tremendous improvement in implementation. This intervention study aims to gauge the effectiveness of community empowerment approach in malaria elimination programme in Kampung Tong Nibong Serian. An intervention study was conducted with pre and post data collection. Data was collected using validated questionnaire by face to face interview. Universal sampling method was used to select respondents from head of household and post data was collected after intervention activities were carried out within a year of study period. The study showed significant difference on level of knowledge of respondents on vector of malaria between pre and post data with a P < 0.05. There was significant difference between pre and post data on practices on control and prevention of malaria with a P < 0.05. The same goes to level of positive attitude of respondents towards malaria control. In conclusion, the study can be considered successful because there is significant difference in knowledge, attitude and practice among the respondents between pre and post data. This indicates that community empowerment (voluntary participation) measures can be implemented in high risk or endemic areas where malaria is a persistent problem to the community and health institutions faces many limiting factors.​

Introduction: Milk and dairy products are good sources of high-quality protein. Protein is important during weight loss and subsequent weight maintenance due to the high satiating effect which helps to prevent over-consumption of energy and thereby reduces body fat stores. Furthermore, dairy protein is a good source of essential amino acids for muscle protein synthesis and thus helps to maintain metabolically active muscle mass during weight loss. Regarding milk consumption, it is important to find the association between personal, environmental, and behaviour factors with consuming milk. Objective: The aim of the study is to identify factors influencing milk consumption behaviour among adults. Methods : This study is based on the literature review and on different case studies from different parts of the world to try to fulfill the main scope of factors influencing milk consumption. Results: Based on this review, environmental factors were found to be the main influences on milk consumption behaviour, followed by personal factors and behaviour factors. Conclusion This review is also expected to enrich the documentation on the influencing of milk consumption behaviour among adults

Introduction: Dengue fever is one of the world’s most severe mosquito-borne diseases, with high morbidity and mortality rate. Poor dengue prevention practices are one of the factors contributing to dengue outbreak. National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) have collected lots of population data on the prevalence of various non-communicable and communicable diseases, including dengue. NHMS 2020 however, focus on communicable diseases i.e., Dengue, Malaria, HIV & Covid-19. Notwithstanding, data on Cognitive, Affective and Behaviour (CAB) domains are scarce. Thus, this study was aimed to develop and validate CAB questionnaire on dengue in Malaysia. Material and Methods: The questionnaire was developed by adapting and improvising similar previous questionnaires used during NHMS 2015, selected published questionnaires, expert panel and literature review. A sample of 200 respondents was used to evaluate the internal consistency of the final instrument. Results: 5 experts reviewed the content validity of the CAB questionnaire while 20 respondents tested its face validity. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients scores were within the acceptable range from 0.661 to 0.677. Various adjustments were made by deleting items with low Cronbach alpha values in attempt to attain the highest possible alpha values, but further deduction could not be made due to the retention of several important domain-measurement items. Conclusions: The validity and reliability of the CAB-IHBR-Dengue-A-01 questionnaire were of ‘acceptable’ ranges and can be used to assess CAB. The questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool for assessing the CAB’s ability to influence dengue prevention among Malaysians.