1.Comparison of Characteristics of Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis Isolates Causing Repetitive vs Single Infections
Tomohiro FUJITA ; Haruno YOSHIDA ; Shunsuke OSAKA ; Yoneji HIROSE ; Mieko GOTO ; Noriyuki NAGANO ; Takashi TAKAHASHI
Annals of Laboratory Medicine 2019;39(5):488-492
No study has described Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (SDSE) isolates that cause repetitive infections (recurrence and reinfection). We compared the microbiological characteristics of SDSE causing repetitive infections with those causing single infections. Three patients with invasive infections were identified based on their medical records, and multiple SDSE isolates were collected at intervals over three weeks, using a laboratory repository. Isolates from 12 patients with single-episode infections served as controls. Six isolates were collected from three patients with first and second episodes of infection. All isolates causing either repetitive or single-episode infection were subjected to emm typing, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analyses. Amplification of five virulence genes (sicG, prtF1, prtF2, lmb, and cbp), biofilm formation (BF), and cell invasion abilities (CIAs) were measured as virulent phenotypes. We observed close genetic similarities in the data obtained by emm typing, MLST, PFGE, and RAPD in four isolates from two patients, suggesting recurrence, whereas two isolates from one patient indicated genetic differences in these data, suggesting re-infection. The presence of the five virulence genes and the BF and CIA measurements appeared not to contribute to repetitive infections, compared with isolates causing single-episode infection. In conclusion, clinicians encountering patients with repetitive infections should be aware of both possibilities: recurrence with closely related strains and reinfection with different strains.
Biofilms
;
DNA
;
Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field
;
Humans
;
Medical Records
;
Multilocus Sequence Typing
;
Phenotype
;
Recurrence
;
Streptococcus
;
Virulence
2.Screening ability of dental students to detect osteoporosis on dental panoramic radiographs
Hizuru OSANAI ; Hiroko KUROIWA ; Shinichiro YAMADA ; Noriyuki SUGINO ; Takashi NAKAMOTO ; Masahiko OHTSUKA ; Yoshikazu SUEI ; Naoya KAKIMOTO ; Akira TAGUCHI
Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia 2024;10(4):145-150
Objectives:
Postmenopausal women with osteoporosis are frequently underdiagnosed. In Japan, general dental practitioners have begun using the cortical shape of the mandible on dental panoramic radiographs (PRs) to identify and refer women at risk of osteoporosis to medical professionals. It remains unclear whether dental students, after relevant education, possess the ability to identify these at-risk individuals. This study evaluated the ability of dental students to screen for osteoporosis on PRs.
Methods:
A cohort of 113 fifth-year dental students participated in a lecture on osteoporosis screening using PRs.The students then categorized the mandibular inferior cortex on PRs from 30 postmenopausal women (11 with osteoporosis) as normal, mildly to moderately eroded, or severely eroded. Interobserver agreement between the students and an expert oral radiologist using two cortical groups (normal to moderately eroded and severely eroded) was assessed through kappa statistics. Screening ability for osteoporosis detection by identifying severely eroded cortices was calculated and compared with that of the Osteoporosis Self-assessment Tool for Asians (OSTA).
Results:
Twenty-one (18.6%) students demonstrated moderate to substantial agreement with the expert. The mean sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for these students in identifying osteoporosis were 60.2%, 88.0%, 76.3%, and 80.0%, respectively. For the OSTA, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 27.3%, 68.4%, 33.3%, and 61.9%, respectively.
Conclusions
Even with minimal education, approximately one-fourth of dental students may accurately identify postmenopausal women with osteoporosis on PRs, outperforming questionnaire-based screening tools.
3.Screening ability of dental students to detect osteoporosis on dental panoramic radiographs
Hizuru OSANAI ; Hiroko KUROIWA ; Shinichiro YAMADA ; Noriyuki SUGINO ; Takashi NAKAMOTO ; Masahiko OHTSUKA ; Yoshikazu SUEI ; Naoya KAKIMOTO ; Akira TAGUCHI
Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia 2024;10(4):145-150
Objectives:
Postmenopausal women with osteoporosis are frequently underdiagnosed. In Japan, general dental practitioners have begun using the cortical shape of the mandible on dental panoramic radiographs (PRs) to identify and refer women at risk of osteoporosis to medical professionals. It remains unclear whether dental students, after relevant education, possess the ability to identify these at-risk individuals. This study evaluated the ability of dental students to screen for osteoporosis on PRs.
Methods:
A cohort of 113 fifth-year dental students participated in a lecture on osteoporosis screening using PRs.The students then categorized the mandibular inferior cortex on PRs from 30 postmenopausal women (11 with osteoporosis) as normal, mildly to moderately eroded, or severely eroded. Interobserver agreement between the students and an expert oral radiologist using two cortical groups (normal to moderately eroded and severely eroded) was assessed through kappa statistics. Screening ability for osteoporosis detection by identifying severely eroded cortices was calculated and compared with that of the Osteoporosis Self-assessment Tool for Asians (OSTA).
Results:
Twenty-one (18.6%) students demonstrated moderate to substantial agreement with the expert. The mean sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for these students in identifying osteoporosis were 60.2%, 88.0%, 76.3%, and 80.0%, respectively. For the OSTA, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 27.3%, 68.4%, 33.3%, and 61.9%, respectively.
Conclusions
Even with minimal education, approximately one-fourth of dental students may accurately identify postmenopausal women with osteoporosis on PRs, outperforming questionnaire-based screening tools.
4.Screening ability of dental students to detect osteoporosis on dental panoramic radiographs
Hizuru OSANAI ; Hiroko KUROIWA ; Shinichiro YAMADA ; Noriyuki SUGINO ; Takashi NAKAMOTO ; Masahiko OHTSUKA ; Yoshikazu SUEI ; Naoya KAKIMOTO ; Akira TAGUCHI
Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia 2024;10(4):145-150
Objectives:
Postmenopausal women with osteoporosis are frequently underdiagnosed. In Japan, general dental practitioners have begun using the cortical shape of the mandible on dental panoramic radiographs (PRs) to identify and refer women at risk of osteoporosis to medical professionals. It remains unclear whether dental students, after relevant education, possess the ability to identify these at-risk individuals. This study evaluated the ability of dental students to screen for osteoporosis on PRs.
Methods:
A cohort of 113 fifth-year dental students participated in a lecture on osteoporosis screening using PRs.The students then categorized the mandibular inferior cortex on PRs from 30 postmenopausal women (11 with osteoporosis) as normal, mildly to moderately eroded, or severely eroded. Interobserver agreement between the students and an expert oral radiologist using two cortical groups (normal to moderately eroded and severely eroded) was assessed through kappa statistics. Screening ability for osteoporosis detection by identifying severely eroded cortices was calculated and compared with that of the Osteoporosis Self-assessment Tool for Asians (OSTA).
Results:
Twenty-one (18.6%) students demonstrated moderate to substantial agreement with the expert. The mean sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for these students in identifying osteoporosis were 60.2%, 88.0%, 76.3%, and 80.0%, respectively. For the OSTA, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 27.3%, 68.4%, 33.3%, and 61.9%, respectively.
Conclusions
Even with minimal education, approximately one-fourth of dental students may accurately identify postmenopausal women with osteoporosis on PRs, outperforming questionnaire-based screening tools.
5.Screening ability of dental students to detect osteoporosis on dental panoramic radiographs
Hizuru OSANAI ; Hiroko KUROIWA ; Shinichiro YAMADA ; Noriyuki SUGINO ; Takashi NAKAMOTO ; Masahiko OHTSUKA ; Yoshikazu SUEI ; Naoya KAKIMOTO ; Akira TAGUCHI
Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia 2024;10(4):145-150
Objectives:
Postmenopausal women with osteoporosis are frequently underdiagnosed. In Japan, general dental practitioners have begun using the cortical shape of the mandible on dental panoramic radiographs (PRs) to identify and refer women at risk of osteoporosis to medical professionals. It remains unclear whether dental students, after relevant education, possess the ability to identify these at-risk individuals. This study evaluated the ability of dental students to screen for osteoporosis on PRs.
Methods:
A cohort of 113 fifth-year dental students participated in a lecture on osteoporosis screening using PRs.The students then categorized the mandibular inferior cortex on PRs from 30 postmenopausal women (11 with osteoporosis) as normal, mildly to moderately eroded, or severely eroded. Interobserver agreement between the students and an expert oral radiologist using two cortical groups (normal to moderately eroded and severely eroded) was assessed through kappa statistics. Screening ability for osteoporosis detection by identifying severely eroded cortices was calculated and compared with that of the Osteoporosis Self-assessment Tool for Asians (OSTA).
Results:
Twenty-one (18.6%) students demonstrated moderate to substantial agreement with the expert. The mean sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for these students in identifying osteoporosis were 60.2%, 88.0%, 76.3%, and 80.0%, respectively. For the OSTA, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 27.3%, 68.4%, 33.3%, and 61.9%, respectively.
Conclusions
Even with minimal education, approximately one-fourth of dental students may accurately identify postmenopausal women with osteoporosis on PRs, outperforming questionnaire-based screening tools.
6.Screening ability of dental students to detect osteoporosis on dental panoramic radiographs
Hizuru OSANAI ; Hiroko KUROIWA ; Shinichiro YAMADA ; Noriyuki SUGINO ; Takashi NAKAMOTO ; Masahiko OHTSUKA ; Yoshikazu SUEI ; Naoya KAKIMOTO ; Akira TAGUCHI
Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia 2024;10(4):145-150
Objectives:
Postmenopausal women with osteoporosis are frequently underdiagnosed. In Japan, general dental practitioners have begun using the cortical shape of the mandible on dental panoramic radiographs (PRs) to identify and refer women at risk of osteoporosis to medical professionals. It remains unclear whether dental students, after relevant education, possess the ability to identify these at-risk individuals. This study evaluated the ability of dental students to screen for osteoporosis on PRs.
Methods:
A cohort of 113 fifth-year dental students participated in a lecture on osteoporosis screening using PRs.The students then categorized the mandibular inferior cortex on PRs from 30 postmenopausal women (11 with osteoporosis) as normal, mildly to moderately eroded, or severely eroded. Interobserver agreement between the students and an expert oral radiologist using two cortical groups (normal to moderately eroded and severely eroded) was assessed through kappa statistics. Screening ability for osteoporosis detection by identifying severely eroded cortices was calculated and compared with that of the Osteoporosis Self-assessment Tool for Asians (OSTA).
Results:
Twenty-one (18.6%) students demonstrated moderate to substantial agreement with the expert. The mean sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for these students in identifying osteoporosis were 60.2%, 88.0%, 76.3%, and 80.0%, respectively. For the OSTA, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 27.3%, 68.4%, 33.3%, and 61.9%, respectively.
Conclusions
Even with minimal education, approximately one-fourth of dental students may accurately identify postmenopausal women with osteoporosis on PRs, outperforming questionnaire-based screening tools.