1.Evaluation of Trunk Stability in the Sitting Position Using a New Device
Kimio Saito ; Yoichi Shimada ; Naohisa Miyakoshi ; Toshiki Matsunaga ; Takehiro Iwami ; Michio Hongo ; Yuji Kasukawa ; Hidetomo Saito ; Norimitsu Masutani ; Yasuhiro Takahashi ; Satoaki Chida ; Kazutoshi Hatakeyama ; Motoyuki Watanabe ; Junki Ishikawa ; Yusuke Takahashi ; Masamichi Suzuki ; Shu Murata
The Japanese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2017;54(1):31-35
2.Reconstruction of human exposure to heavy metals using synchrotron radiation microbeams in prehistoric and modern humans.
Akio KOIZUMI ; Miki AZECHI ; Koyo SHIRASAWA ; Norimitsu SAITO ; Kiyohide SAITO ; Nobuo SHIGEHARA ; Kazuhiro SAKAUE ; Yoshihiro SHIMIZU ; Hisao BABA ; Akira YASUTAKE ; Kouji H HARADA ; Takeo YOSHINAGA ; Ari IDE-EKTESSABI
Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine 2009;14(1):52-59
OBJECTIVETeeth can serve as records of environmental exposure to heavy metals during their formation. We applied a new technology - synchrotron radiation microbeams (SRXRF) - for analysis of heavy metals in human permanent teeth in modern and historical samples.
METHODSEach tooth was cut in half. A longitudinal section 200 mum in thickness was subjected to the determination of the heavy metal content by SRXRF or conventional analytical methods (ICP-MS analysis or reduction-aeration atomic absorption spectrometry). The relative concentrations of Pb, Hg, Cu and Zn measured by SRXRF were translated in concentrations (in g of heavy metal/g of enamel) using calibration curves by the two analytical methods.
RESULTSConcentrations in teeth in the modern females (n = 5) were 1.2 +/- 0.5 mug/g (n = 5) for Pb; 1.7 +/- 0.2 ng/g for Hg; 0.9 +/- 1.1 mug/g for Cu; 150 +/- 24.6 mug/g for Zn. The levels of Pb were highest in the teeth samples obtained from the humans of the Edo era (1603-1868 AD: ) (0.5-4.0 mug/g, n = 4). No trend was observed in this study in the Hg content in teeth during 3,000 years. The concentrations of Cu were highest in teeth of two medieval craftsmen (57.0 and 220 mug/g). The levels of Zn were higher in modern subjects (P < 0.05) than those in the Jomon (~1000 BC: ) to Edo periods [113.2 +/- 27.4 (mug/g, n = 11)]. Reconstruction of developmental exposure history to lead in a famous court painter of the Edo period (18th century) revealed high levels of Pb (7.1-22.0 mug/g) in his childhood.
CONCLUSIONSSRXRF is useful a method for reconstructing human exposures in very long trends.
3.Paradoxical increases in serum levels of highly chlorinated PCBs in aged women in clear contrast to robust decreases in dietary intakes from 1980 to 2003 in Japan.
Akio KOIZUMI ; Kouji H HARADA ; Bita ESLAMI ; Yoshinori FUJIMINE ; Noriyuki HACHIYA ; Iwao HIROSAWA ; Kayoko INOUE ; Sumiko INOUE ; Shigeki KODA ; Yukinori KUSAKA ; Katsuyuki MURATA ; Kazuyuki OMAE ; Norimitsu SAITO ; Shinichiro SHIMBO ; Katsunobu TAKENAKA ; Tatsuya TAKESHITA ; Hidemi TODORIKI ; Yasuhiko WADA ; Takao WATANABE ; Masayuki IKEDA
Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine 2009;14(4):235-246
OBJECTIVEExposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is considered to have culminated between 1950 and 1970 in Japan, and exposure through diet, the major exposure route, has decreased significantly over the last 10 years. The primary goal of the present study was to investigate the long-term trends and congener profiles of serum and dietary levels of PCBs using historical samples.
METHODSUsing banked samples collected in 1980, 1995, and 2003 surveys, we determined the daily intakes and serum concentrations of 13 PCB congeners (#74, #99, #118, #138, #146, #153, #156, #163, #164, #170, #180, #182, and #187) in women.
RESULTSThe total daily PCB intake [ng/day, geometric mean (geometric standard deviation)] decreased significantly from 523 (2.5) in 1980 to 63 (3.2) in 2003. The serum total PCB level (ng/g lipid) in women <40 years of age decreased significantly from 185 (1.8) in 1980 to 68 (1.8) in 2003. In contrast, the level in women >50 years of age increased significantly from 125 (1.7) in 1980 to 242 (1.7) in 2003. Specifically, the serum concentrations of hexa (#138, #146, #153, #156, #163, and #164) and hepta (#170, #180, #182, and #187) congeners increased significantly. A comparison of the serum PCB levels of women born from 1940 to 1953 revealed that their serum total PCB level was significantly higher in the 2003 survey [242 (1.7), n = 9] than in the 1995 [128 (2.0), n = 17] surveys. This increase in the total PCB level was attributable to increases in the hepta congener groups.
CONCLUSIONPresent results suggest a decreased rate of elimination of hepta congeners with aging in females, rather than a birth-generation phenomenon.