Norfloxacin is a new broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram. negative bacteria. After oral administration of Norfloxacin, it produces high concentrations in the urine, so it has the excellent effect for the treatment of urinary tract infection. Norfloxacin was studied with respect to clinical effect in 115 patients with the urinary tract infection and the following results were obtained. 1. Excellent efficacy was 53% and efficacy rate was 90% in upper urinary tract infection(UTI). Efficacy rate for 20 patients with upper UTI without the underlying disease was 100%, and in 29 patients with underlying disease efficacy rate was 83%. 2. In upper UTI resistant for other antibiotics, efficacy rate was 78%. 3. In lower UTI excellent efficacy rate was 36% and efficacy rate was 71%. In gonococcal urethritis excellent efficacy rate was 76% and efficacy rate was 88%. 4. Eliminated rate of bacteria on culture findings were E. coli 93%, pseudononas 89%, proteus 100%, klebsiella 80%, gonococcus 88% and staphylococcus 80%. 5. Mild side effects such as epigastric pain, nausea, dizziness and itching sensation were seen in 5 cases. We consider Neutam-400 is one of the most effective agents in urinary tract infection.
Administration, Oral ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteria ; Dizziness ; Humans ; Klebsiella ; Nausea ; Neisseria gonorrhoeae ; Norfloxacin ; Proteus ; Pruritus ; Sensation ; Staphylococcus ; Urethritis ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*

The pharmacokinetics and dosage regimen of norfloxacin-glycine acetate (NFLXGA) was investigated in pigs after a single intravenous (i.v.) or oral (p.o.) administration at a dosage of 7.2 mg/kg body weight. After both i.v. and p.o. administration, plasma drug concentrations were best fitted to an open two-compartment model with a rapid distribution phase. After i.v. administration of NFLXGA, the distribution (t1/2alpha) and elimination half-life (t1/2beta) were 0.36 +/- 0.07 h and 7.42 +/- 3.55 h, respectively. The volume of distribution of NFLXGA at steady state (Vdss) was 4.66 +/- 1.39 l/kg. After p.o. administration of NFLXGA, the maximal absorption concentration (Cmax) was 0.43 +/- 0.06 microgram/ ml at 1.36 +/- 0.39 h (Tmax). The mean absorption (t1/2ka) and elimination half-life (t1/2beta) of NFLXGA were 0.78 +/- 0.27 h and 7.13 +/- 1.41 h, respectively. The mean systemic bioavailability (F) after p.o. administration was 31.10 +/- 15.16%. We suggest that the optimal dosage calculated from the pharmacokinetic parameters is 5.01 mg/kg per day i.v. or 16.12 mg/kg per day p.o.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage/blood/*pharmacokinetics ; Biological Availability ; Cross-Over Studies ; Glycine/administration & dosage/*analogs & derivatives/blood/pharmacokinetics ; Half-Life ; Injections, Intravenous/veterinary ; Male ; Norfloxacin/administration & dosage/*analogs & derivatives/blood/pharmacokinetics ; Swine/*metabolism ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo investigate the efficiency, safety, and possible mechanisms of Qingre Buyi Decoction (QBD) in the treatment of acute radiation proctitis (ARP).

METHODSThis study was a single center, prospective, single blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled clinical trial. A total of 60 patients with ARP was equally and randomly distributed into the control group (conventional treatment) and the combination group (conventional treatment plus QBD). The changes of main Chinese medicine clinical symptoms and signs, including stomachache, diarrhea, mucous or bloody stool before and after treatment, and their adverse reactions were observed after the two-week treatment. Also, D-lactate and diamine oxidase (DAO) levels, hepatic and renal function were measured. Cure rates, effective rates, and recurrence rates were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSThe blood levels of both DAO and D-lactate were significantly decreased in the combination group as compared with those in the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). All main clinical symptoms and signs were alleviated more significantly in the combination group (P<0.01). The main symptom scores also were significantly decreased after treatment in the control group (P<0.01), except those for mucous or bloody stool (P>0.05). Compared to the control group, the improvements of stomachache, diarrhea, defecation dysfunction, and stool blood in the combination group were significantly better (P<0.05 or P<0.01). For the combination group, the curative rate, effective rate, and recurrence rate was 76.67%, 16.67%, and 6.67%, respectively. On the other hand, for the control group, the rate was 53.33%, 16.67%, and 30.00%, respectively. The total curative effect was significantly better in the combination group than in the control group (P<0.05). However, the recurrence rate was similar between the two groups (P>0.05). The hepatic and renal function remained normal in both groups (P>0.05). In addition, no severe adverse event was found in both groups.

CONCLUSIONSAddition of QBD to the conventional treatment can effectively alleviate the damage of intestinal mucosal barrier function and improve all main clinical symptoms and signs of the ARP. The combination of conventional treatment with Chinese herbal medicine QBD is effective and safe for ARP.

Acute Disease ; Adult ; Aged ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; administration & dosage ; Azulenes ; administration & dosage ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Agents ; administration & dosage ; Glutamine ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Integrative Medicine ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Norfloxacin ; administration & dosage ; Pain ; complications ; Proctitis ; complications ; drug therapy ; Sesquiterpenes ; administration & dosage ; Silicates ; administration & dosage ; Single-Blind Method ; Treatment Outcome

The complications and the patients' attitude after transrectal systematic sextant biopsy of the prostate were evaluated by the questionnaire retrospectively. One hundred and sixty one of 211 men over 50 years old responded to the questionnaire. Transrectal sextant biopsy of the prostate under the finger guidance was performed by two doctors using Biopty Gun. The first 85 men (group A) received glycerin enema and oral administration of norfloxacin 30 minutes before the biopsy and norfloxacin was administered once again two to three hours after the biopsy. The other 126 men (group B) received the same procedures but the enema was performed using mixture of glycerin & betadine solution and the norfloxacin was administered 30 minutes before and for 3 days after the biopsy. Benign prostatic hyperplasia was diagnosed pathologically in 190 cases(90.1%) and prostate cancer in 8 cases(3.8%). No complication was less found in group A(23.4%) than in group B(40.5%)(P<0.05). Reported complications were perineal tenderness (group A: 42.9%,group B: 31.0%), hematuria (group A: 32.5%, group B: 34.5%), hemospermia (group A: 29.99%, group B: 19.0%), rectal bleeding (group A: 11.7%, group B: 11.9%), fever (group A: 15.69%, group B: 6.0%) and scrotal tenderness (group A: 2.6%, group B: 3.6%). In group A sepsis was developed in one case. Perineal tenderness lasted for 6.7 days in group A 5.1 days in group B. Hematuria was observed for 9.7 days in group A, 7.5 days in group B. Hemospermia was seen for 28.1 days in group A, 13.7 days in group B. Average duration of complications was shorter in group B (P<0.05). The better they understand the procedure of the biopsy, the less pain and the more satisfaction they experience. the rate of failure in obtaining tissue cores was 6.2%. If the doctor experiences more than about 120 cores of the tissue, the learning curve of success rate to obtain the proper specimens arrives to its plateau. In conclusion, the incidence of complications may be decreased by using appropriate pretreatment, especially adequate amount of antibiotics. Patient education is one of the most important steps to reduce the complications of this invasive technique.
Administration, Oral ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Biopsy* ; Enema ; Fever ; Fingers* ; Glycerol ; Hematuria ; Hemorrhage ; Hemospermia ; Humans ; Incidence ; Learning Curve ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Norfloxacin ; Patient Education as Topic ; Povidone-Iodine ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Retrospective Studies ; Sepsis