Objective : We performed a systematic review to investigate improvements in body function and structure, activity, and health-related quality of life from exercise programs of >150 days' duration in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods : We collected data on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effects of exercise intervention with those of either nonintervention or psychoeducational intervention in patients with knee OA. Data were collected on pain, stiffness, muscle strength, range of motion, flexibility, maximal oxygen uptake, proprioception, time to climb a flight of stairs, disability as assessed by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC), walking distance (e.g., 6-min walking-distance test), walking time (e.g., time to walk arbitrary distances), walking velocity, and health-related quality of life assessed using the SF-36^® Health Survey (SF-36). The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system was used to determine the quality of the evidence. Results: Forty-one RCTs were identified. Outcomes that were significantly affected by exercise programs of >150 days were knee flexion muscle strength at a functional level, time to climb a flight of stairs and walking distance at activity level, and SF-36 General Health, Physical Functioning, Role-Physical, and Bodily Pain scales. The quality of evidence for these outcomes was moderate to high. Conclusion : In patients with knee OA, improvements in body function, activity, and health-related quality of life can be maintained with exercise programs of >150 days' duration, and these findings are supported by a moderate to high level of evidence.

A 28-year-old woman with patent foramen ovale who developed tricuspid valve infective endocarditis with complications of multiple infarctions and abscesses was treated surgically. The patient was transferred to our institution because of fever and joint pain. Echocardiography revealed a large vegetation (25 mm) on the tricuspid valve and a patent foramen ovale. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed cerebral infarctions, multiple lung abscesses, and vertebral osteomyelitis. Staphylococcus epidermidis was identified in blood cultures. After treatment with adequate antibiotics for 5 weeks, the patient underwent surgical resection of the vegetation followed by tricuspid valve repair and direct closure of the patent foramen ovale. Antibiotic therapy was continued postoperatively, and the patient was discharged 7 weeks after the operation. No further endocarditis or embolism has occurred. In cases of right-sided endocarditis with systemic embolism and abscesses, the presence of a patent foramen ovale should be considered, and appropriate timing of the operation should be determined to prevent further systemic embolization of the vegetation.

Background :There have been only a few comparative observational studies on the safety and effectiveness of drugs in Japan. Comparative observational studies would provide important information to address these issues and thus we need to establish a means to facilitate such studies. In comparative studies, it is important to prevent the distortion of results due to selection bias. Though we do not yet have a claims database for use in pharmacoepidemiological studies, recently many hospitals and pharmacies have computerized prescription data which may be used to minimize selection bias. Good standardized procedures for the identification of patients prescribed one of two or more drugs to compare in a study using computerized prescription data would serve as a basis for a variety of pharmacoepidemiological studies in Japan.
Methods :We carried out a questionnaire survey in 2753 hospitals and 909 community pharmacies to estimate the fraction of hospitals where computerized data can be used to identify all eligible patients who used a specific drug.
Results :Questionnaires were returned by 1942 (71%) of 2753 hospitals and 632 (70%) of 909 pharmacies. From among those which responded, patients were identified, the patient list was printed, and the electronic file of the patient list was generated in 75%, 64% and 36% of the 1942 hospitals and in 100%, 93% and 49% of the 632 pharmacies respectively.
Conclusion :With procedures using computerized prescription data, the cohort for observational comparative studies may be identified with a minimal selection bias in a majority of hospitals and pharmacies.

Background: No study has compared flat and elevated-rim polyethylene liners in terms of stress distribution on the bearing surface. The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in stress distribution between flat and elevated-rim polyethylene liners. Methods: A stress analysis was performed by using the 3-dimensional finite element method. The cup was placed at an open angle of 20°, the flat liner and the liner with a 10° elevation was placed at inclination angles of 80°, 70°, and 60°. Results: Compared with the 60° flat liner, the 80° and 70° flat liners showed higher stress at the liner edge. In the elevated-rim liner, the stress was high at the liner edge along the cup edge. When the von Mises equivalent stress was applied to each element of the liner, the high stress area (volume) was the largest for the 80° flat liner, second largest for the 80° elevated-rim liner, and third largest for the 70° flat liner. The average contact pressure also followed the same order. Conclusions Elevated-rim liners affect the stress distribution by increasing the area of contact. However, since elevated-rim liners exhibit high stress at the cup edge, they are likely to result in new problems including liner failure. These findings could aid surgeons in the selection of liners and determination of revision methods such as isolated liner exchange vs. acetabular cup revision for a well-fixed metal cup with a higher inclination angle in revision total hip arthroplasty.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Plasma D-dimer levels are elevated during the acute phase of cerebral infarction (CI). We investigated whether the D-dimer level on admission and other clinical characteristics could be used to predict the poor outcome of patients with acute CI. METHODS: The clinical characteristics and plasma D-dimer levels measured within 3 days of onset were compared according to outcome among patients with acute CI. RESULTS: In total, 359 consecutive patients (mean age, 71.8 years) were examined, of which 174 had a poor outcome [score on the modified Rankin scale (mRS) > or =3] at 30 days after hospitalization. The mean mRS score was higher and a poor outcome was observed more frequently among women than among men (p<0.001 for each). The proportions of women, cardioembolism, atrial fibrillation, advanced age (> or =75 years), prior history of CI or transient ischemic attack, and elevated D-dimer level (> or =1.0 microg/mL) were significantly higher among patients with a poor outcome than among those with a good outcome. A multivariate analysis showed that elevated D-dimer level [> or =1.0 microg/mL; odds ratio (OR), 2.45; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.52-3.89; p<0.01], advanced age (OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.21-3.07; p<0.01), and female gender (OR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.08-2.83; p=0.02) were independent predictors of a poor outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Certain clinical characteristics (gender and advanced age) and an elevated D-dimer level upon admission can be used to predict the outcome of patients with acute CI at 30 days after hospitalization.
Atrial Fibrillation ; Cerebral Infarction ; Female ; Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Ischemic Attack, Transient ; Male ; Multivariate Analysis ; Odds Ratio ; Plasma ; Stroke

STUDY DESIGN: Prospective observational study. PURPOSE: This prospective analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and bone-bonding rate of hybrid hydroxyapatite (HA) spacers in expansive laminoplasty. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Various types of spacers or plates have been developed for expansive laminoplasty. METHODS: Expansive open-door laminoplasty was performed in 146 patients with cervical myelopathy; 450 hybrid HA spacers and 41 autogenous bone spacers harvested from the spinous processes were grafted into the opened side of each lamina. The patients were followed up using computed tomography (CT), and their bone-bonding rates for hybrid HA and autogenous spacers, bone-fusion rates of the hinges of the laminae, and complications associated with the implants were then examined. RESULTS: Clinical symptoms significantly improved in all patients, and no major complications related to the procedure were noted. The hybrid HA spacers exhibited sufficient bone bonding on postoperative CT. The hinges completely fused in over 95% patients within 1 year of the procedure. Only 4 spacers (0.9%) developed lamina sinking, and most expanded laminae maintained their positions without sinking or floating throughout the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Hybrid HA spacers contributed to high bone-fusion rates of the spacers and hinges of the laminae, and no complications were associated with their use. Cervical laminoplasty with these spacers is safe and simple, and it yields sufficient fixation strength while ensuring sufficient bone bonding during the immediate postoperative period.
Cervical Vertebrae ; Durapatite ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Laminoplasty ; Observational Study ; Postoperative Period ; Prospective Studies ; Spinal Cord Diseases ; Transplants

Methods: We enrolled patients who underwent microscopic FMD with outer dural layer resection for CMI. The distance from the tip of the cerebellar tonsil to the C2 vertebral endplate on sagittal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was defined as the tonsillar distance (TD). Patients who showed a >20% syrinx diameter reduction on the 1-year follow-up MRI were defined as the syrinx reduction group while the others were categorized in the syrinx nonreduction group. Patients with syringomyelia were categorized into the clinically improved and unimproved groups using the Chicago Chiari Outcome Scale. The imaging and clinical parameters were evaluated pre- and postoperatively. Results: This study included 25 patients of whom 19 (76.0%) had syringomyelia. At the 1-year follow-up, the syrinx diameter had decreased in 11 patients (57.8%). The increased TD significantly differed between the syrinx reduction and nonreduction groups. At the 1-year follow-up, 12 and seven patients with syringomyelia were categorized into the clinically improved and unimproved groups, respectively. The clinically improved and unimproved groups showed significant differences in the mean age and increased TD. Conclusions Postoperative syrinx reduction was significantly correlated with the upward shifting of the cerebellar tonsil in patients with CMI. Our quantitative evaluation of the alterations in hindbrain position after FMD was easily performed and reflects the clinical outcomes.

Methods: We evaluated 100 consecutive surgical patients with CM and divided them into the following groups: 80s (34 patients; mean age, 83.9 years), 70s (33 patients; mean age, 73.9 years), and 69 or younger (33 patients; mean age, 60.9 years). The clinical symptoms and physical signs were evaluated and recorded. Results: Although the recovery rate decreased with increasing age, all groups demonstrated a significant improvement in clinical symptoms relative to preoperative values. The Hoffman sign and hyperreflexia of the triceps tendon were, respectively, present in 82% and 88% of patients in the 80s group, 74% and 64% of those in the 70s group, and 69% and 82% of those in the 69 or younger group, with no significant difference among the groups. In contrast, the rates of hyperreflexia of the patellar and Achilles tendons were, respectively, 59% and 32% in the 80s group, 85% and 48% in the 70s group, and 91% and 70% in the 69 or younger group, with significant differences. Conclusions The positivity rate of the lower extremity hyperreflexia decreased significantly with increasing age in patients with CM. The absence of hyperreflexia, particularly lower extremity, is not uncommon in elderly patients with suspected CM.

Background: Common regional anesthesia approaches for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) include paravertebral block (PVB) and erector spinae plane block (ESPB). PVB is considered a deep nerve block which is contraindicated in antithrombotic therapy. ESPB is effective when administered as a bolus, as well as continuously. However, the recently proposed intertransverse process block (ITPB) ensures more effective diffusion of the local anesthetic into the paravertebral space.Case: We report cases of three patients who received bolus ITPB (costotransverse foramen block and mid-point transverse process-to-pleura block in one and two cases, respectively) combined with continuous ESPB when a deep nerve block could not be administered. Opioids were not required postoperatively, and all postoperative numerical rating scale scores (0–10) at rest were maintained below 4. Conclusions The combination of bolus ITPB and continuous ESPB may be an alternative analgesic method when deep nerve blocks are contraindicated in VATS.