Inflammation reaction and immune response are in-separable in the levels of system, tissue, cell and molecule. In-flammatory immune responses ( IIR) is proposed in this paper, which is defined a moderate or abnormal system responses of in-flammatory immune related cells in responding to the internal and external environment changes of body. It is described briefly that the research progresses of inflammatory immune cells ( e. g. , macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells and B cells, etc. ) and non-inflammatory immune cells ( e. g. , glial cells, endothe-lial cells, epithelial cells, fibroblasts, synovial cells and liver cells, etc. ) , and cytokines/receptor signal transduction in-volved in IIR. Moreover, the existing problems about regulating IIR drugs clinically are summarized. It is firstly put forward that soft regulation of inflammatory immune responses ( SRIIR) is a new direction of discovery and development of new drugs for the treatment of IIR related diseases.

The state of scale management,structure of hierarchy,professional institutions,educational system and degree,situation of academy and cost of medical education in developed countries was summarized in this article respectively to provide reference for our medical education reform.

Recent studies demonstrate that autistic spectrum disprders children have deficits in executive functiony, particularly the function referred response inhibition. The antisaccade task provides a new tool for direct evaluation of inhibitory function and a new way to explore the character of response inhibition in children with cognitive impairment. Researchers have used the technologies of eye movement to reveal the ability of oculomotor inhibition in children with autistic spectrum disprders, which is poorer than that of normal children.

Objective To compare the spray characteristics of domestic and foreign nasal spray delivery devices for live attenuated influenza vaccine(LAIV). Methods The particle size distribution(DV10,DV50 and DV90),the proportion of droplets smaller than 10 μm and Span of atomized particles of two brands of nasal spray delivery devices at home and abroad were measured by laser diffraction method,the spray pattern[maximum diameter(D_(max)),shortest diameter(D_(min))and ovality(D_(max)/D_(min))]and spray geometry(spray angle and width)were detected by Spray view,and the comparative analysis was performed. Results There was no significant difference in DV10,DV50,DV90 particle size distribution,proportion of droplets smaller than 10 μm and Span of atomized particles between the two kinds of domestic and foreign nasal spray delivery devices[F-values of Levene's test for equality of variances were 0. 622,0. 135,3. 067,0. 212 and 0. 058,P-values were0. 434,0. 714,0. 085,0. 647 and 0. 810,and significance(two-tailed)values of equal variances assumed were 0. 439,0. 228,0. 281,0. 539 and 0. 910,respectively];D_(max),D_(min)and ovality of the spray patterns showed no significant difference[F-values of Levene's test for equality of variances were 2. 102,2. 666 and 0. 514,P-values were 0. 158,0. 114 and0. 479,and significance(two-tailed)values of equal variances assumed were 0. 651,0. 407,and 0. 160,respectively];The geometric mean ratios of spray angle and width were 0. 92 and 0. 91,respectively,which ranged from 0. 90 to 1. 11.Conclusion Both the domestic and foreign nasal spray delivery devices meet the delivery requirement of the nasal spray LAIV,which can be used for the delivery of nasal spray vaccines and drugs.

Objective To explore the relevant factors influencing the prognosis of progressive cerebral infarction,in order to provide basis for clinical trentment and improve the prognosis of patients.Methods Clinical data of 163 patients admitted as progressive cerebral infarction and 355 patients admitted as non-progressive cerebral infarction were retrospectively analyzed.All patients were followed up by interview or telephone at the time of 30 and 90days,the clinical data were recorded.The relevant factors influencing the prognosis of progressive cerebral infarction were analyzed.Results Multiple linear regression analysis of patients with progressive cerebral infarction showed that total anterior circulation infarcts,respiratory infection,coronary heart disease history,imbalance of water and electrolyte,white blood cell increasing were leading influence risk factors for the higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS) in hospitalized patients.Analysis of patients with progressive cerebral infarction showed that total anterior circulation infarcts,lack of physical activity,NIHSS at admitting,the elderly and respiratory infection were leading influence risk factors of the higher Activities of Daily Living(ADL) and modify Rankin Scale(mRS) scores at 30d and 90d of following up.The scores of ADL and mRS at 30d and 90d were significantly higher in progressive cerebral infarction than those of non-progressive cerebral infarction patients (t =6.6179,P =0.000,t =5.2788,P =0.000,t =5.0608,P =0.000,t =4.0725,P =0.000,respectively).The recurrence of cerebral infarction in progressive cerebral infarction group and death events at 30d were also significantly higher than that of non-progressive cerebral infarction(x2 =8.423,P =0.004 and x2 =5.135,P =0.023,respectively).But the recurrence of progressive cerebral infarction and death events at 90d,there were no significant differences between progressive cerebral infarction and non-progressive cerebral infarction (x2 =1.938,P =0.159 and x2 =3.518,P =0.061,respectively).Conclusion The relevant factors influencing the prognosis of progressive cerebral infarction are common effect of various factors.In the treatment of progressive cerebral infarction should be actively considered as much as possible to improve the prognosis of patients.

Objective To evaluate acoustic effects of laryngeal microsurgery on vocal polyp, vocal cyst and vocal leuko- plakia. Methods 300 cases in vocal fold diseases were measured acoustically pre - and post - microsurgery. Results After openation, jitter, shimmer and NNE decreased statistically in vocal polyp and vocal cyst patients, and did not improve in vocal leukoplakia patients. Whether or not the surgery was done, F0 of all patients did not change Conclusion Laryngeal microsurgery had definite effect on clearing benign focus. After surgery, vocal functioin improved in vocal polyp and cyst patients, and in vocal leukoplakia, there was no improvement in such a short time as one week.

Dignity is the idea that a being has the innate right to be valued, respected, and treated ethically. It reflects the value of life.Dignity therapymainly discusses thedignity during the period of death and dying.It involves symptom control, body integrity, au-tonomy, privacy boundaries, respect, and proper handling of personal affairs and death in peace. Dignity therapy is a unique, individu-alized, and brief psychotherapy that was developed for the purpose of relieving distress, enhancing end-of-life experience, reducing psychological and mental burden, and improving the quality of life for dying patients.

Palmer-foot hyperhidrosis is one kind of focal hyperhidrosis, with symptoms of sweating hands or feet. Some people even have sweat dripping off their hands or feet. This article studied the views of TCM on palmer-foot hyperhidrosis, expounded the pathological and physiological relationship between palmer-foot hyperhidrosis and spleen and stomach, and proposed that clinical treatment should be based on the syndrome differentiation and treatment of spleen and stomach, which can achieve certain efficacy.

Objective To evaluate the role of PI3K-Akt-HIF-1α signaling pathway in dexmedetomidine-induced reduction of damage to the unventilated lung during one-lung ventilation (OLV) in rats.Methods Forty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 250-350 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10 each) using a random number table:two-lung ventilation TLV) group,OLV + normal saline group (group OLV),OLV + dexmedetomidine group (group D),and OLV + dexmedetomidine +LY294002 group (group DL).Bilateral lungs were ventilated for 2.5 h in group TLV,and the right lung was ventilated for 2 h followed by 0.5 h TLV in the other groups.The rats were sacrificed,the left lung was removed for determination of wet to dry lung weight ratio (W/D ratio),and expression of phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) (by Western blot).Results Compared with group TLV,W/D ratio was significantly increased,the expression of p-Akt was down-regulated,and the expression of HIF-1α was up-regulated in the other three groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group OLV,W/D ratio was significantly decreased,and the expression of p-Akt and HIF-lα was up-regulated in D and DL groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group DL,W/D ratio was significantly decreased,and the expression of p-Akt and HIF-1α was up-regulated in group D (P＜0.05).Conclusion PI3K-Akt-HIF-1α signaling pathway is involved in dexmedetomidine-induced reduction of damage to the unventilated lung during OLV in rats.

As a member of GTPase Rab family,Rab10 protein is not only involved in vesicle formation,transport,anchoring and fusion process,but also affects the occurrence and development of tumors.Research about the mechanisms of Rab10 in intracellular vesicle transport and tumor may provide a potential target and new idea for the anti-cancer therapy.