The results of this study which had been investigated for the purpose of analyzing heavy metal concentrations in women's blood and urine, their correlation degree and significance of cadmium as indicator of accumulated heavy metals are as follows. 1) In blood, concentrations of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn are respectively 0.0110+/-0.14 ug/ml, 0.208+/-138 ug/ml, 0.899+/-0.153 ug/ml and 5.432+/-1.020 ug/ml. 2) In urine, concentrations of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn are respectively 0.003+/-0.12 ug/ml, 0.025+/-0.18 ug/ml, 0.013+/-0.12 ug/ml and 0.277+/-0.192 ug/ml. 3) Correlation coefficients between blood and urine are only significant in Zn (r=0.363, p<0.01). 4) In blood, correlation coefficients of Cd concentration and Pb, Zn are respectively 0.518 (p<0.01). 5) Correlation coefficients between Cd concentration in blood and Pb, Cu and Zn in urine are respectively r=-0.012, r=0.027, r=0.241 (p<0.05), and only Cd concentration and Zn is significant.
Cadmium ; Metals, Heavy

Of 2,740 industries in Jeonbug area which are covered by industrial insurance policy, 462 facilities which the accidents related to industry occurred during the year of 1979 were studied, and the results are summarized as follows; 1. The accidents related to industry occurred in 462 industries of the total 2,740 industrial facilities in Jeonbug area as of 1979. 2. The incidence rate accident per 1,000 workers was 34.3(49.2 in male workers and 12.8% in female workers), the frequency rate of the total industries in Jeonbug area was 13.36, and severity rate was 1.3. 3. The frequency rates and severity rates by type of industry in study area were quit different to compare with those of national rates. 4. The incidence rate of construction industry was 223.6 per 1,000 workers, and that of transportation-communication industries were 78.6. 5. The proportion of industrial accidents of 20-24 age group was 22.1 percent of the total accidents, and the proportions decreased according to age increase. 6. The incidence rate in the industry having less than 49 workers was 20.6 per 1,000 workers, that of industry with 50-99% workers was 26.7, that of industry with100-199 was 51.9, that of industry with 200-499 was 80.2 and that of with more than 500 workers was 40.7. 7. The accidents which occurred in the workers with experience of less than one year was 69.4 percent of the total accidents, otherwise, the longer the workers have worked the less accident they have. 8.The most accidents occurred in the shift between 10 to12 o'clock, and 16 to 18 hour. 9. The primary causes of the industrial accidents were found to be collisions, machinery, falling objects and falls. 10. The site of injury by type of industry were quit different, and the major site of injury was finger. 11. The laceration and open injuries of the accidents related to industry were 37.2 percent of the total ceases, and fractures or dislocations were 28.5 percent, and contusions were 6.5% percent. 12. Death rate of industrial accident was 5.0 per 1,000 workers, and those of industry were 47.6 in transportation, 42.8 in construction industry, 24.4 in mine industry, and 2.0 in manufacturing industry.
Accidents, Occupational* ; Construction Industry ; Contusions ; Dislocations ; Female ; Fingers ; Humans ; Incidence ; Insurance ; Jeollabuk-do* ; Lacerations ; Male ; Mortality ; Transportation

No abstract available.
Adenoma* ; Colorectal Neoplasms*

Sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) observed by means of bromodeoxyuridine substitution and fluorescence plus Giemsa (FPG) technique were proposed as a sensitive and quantitative assay for mutagenicity and cytotoxicity in short-term cultures of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated human lymphocytes. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the relation between anticancer agents and cytotoxic effects. Chromosomal analysis was performed on metaphase cells that had divided one, two, or three or more times after treatment for SCEs, mitotic indices (MI) and cell cycle kinetics by FPG technique. The results indicate that anticancer agents led to a dose dependent increase in SCE frequency except methotrexate. But, highly inhibited mitotic indices and delayed cell cycle kinetics were observed except for cyclophosphamide. The author suggest that the difference of SCE frequency is due to the differences in the cytotoxic action of anticancer agents, but although the induction of SCEs has a correlation with cell cycle delay, in some cases the induction of SCEs is not always related to cell cycle delay because of different cytotoxic action of anticancer agents.
Antineoplastic Agents* ; Bromodeoxyuridine ; Cell Cycle* ; Cyclophosphamide ; Fluorescence ; Humans ; Humans* ; Kinetics* ; Lymphocytes* ; Metaphase ; Methotrexate ; Mitotic Index ; Siblings* ; Sister Chromatid Exchange*

BACKGROUND: Health illiteracy is a problem often unrecognized by health care providers. It influences medical costs and the health status of adults. The purposes of this study were to determine the level of health literacy in community-dwelling adults and to identify the factors influencing it. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Seoul, Gyeonggi and Chungcheong province. A total of 420 adults aged 18 or older were interviewed by trained nursing students between November 1 to December 30, 2011. Health literacy was measured using the Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults. Data were analyzed using the PASW 18.0 program. RESULTS: The mean score of health literacy was 50.64+/-19.18. In the multiple linear regression analysis, health literacy was significantly associated with education (beta=0.17, P=0.001), alcohol use (beta=-0.12, P=0.010), and perceived health status (beta=0.11, P=0.029). These factors accounted for about 7% of health literacy. CONCLUSIONS: Health literacy is a very important public health issue. Our findings showed that educational level, alcohol use and perceived health status should be considered when assessing this issue in patients. Furthermore, the development of a standardized Korean assessment tool for health literacy and specified interventions for enhancing health literacy are needed to improve health outcomes.
Adult* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Education ; Gyeonggi-do ; Health Literacy* ; Health Personnel ; Health Status ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Literacy ; Primary Prevention ; Public Health ; Seoul ; Students, Nursing

Parathyroid hormone(PTH), a major bone hormone, inhihits DNA and collagen syntheses in osteohlast-like cells in vitro, but increase the proliferation of osteoblast in vivo as secn in hyperparathyroidism. On the other hand, insulin is known to increase DNA and collagen syntheses and modify the effects of PTH in osteoblast-like cells. We have examined the effects of PTH and insulin in rat osteosarcoma UMR-l06-01 cells and whether PTH plays a role in the insulin-mediated bone formation. When 1 nM PTH and 10 nM insulin were administered to VMR-l06-01 ceils, the rates of DNA synthesis were 124% and 136% of the untreated control, respectively. When the two hormones were administered serially by exposing to 1 nM PTH for 7 days followed by 10 nM insulin lor 24h, the largest increase was observed. The protein synthesis was also increased remarkahly when the two hormones were aclministered serially: the[3H]-leucine incorporation rates, compared to the control group, were 75% and l62% with PTH ancl insulin administration, respectively, but the rate was 297% with the serial administration of the two. The collaeen synthesis, as measured by the (3H)-proline incorporation rates were 60% and l64% with PTH and insulin administration, respectively, but 351% with serial administration, again showing a dramatic effect. These results showed that 1 nM PTH decreased DNA and collagen syntheses in UMR-l06-01 cells after both a 24h and a more prolonged exposure. Similar exposures to insulin tended to increase the syntheses. The comhination of PTH and insulin tended to increase the syntheses. hut not beyond the effect of insulin alone. However, the sequential administration of PTH and insulin markedly increases ihose rales relative to the simultaneous adminstration of these two hormones. Thus, it is possihle that sequential stimulation of PTH and insulin in hone matrix exerts an synergistic effect on hone formation in vivo.
Animals ; Collagen ; DNA ; Hand ; Hyperparathyroidism ; Insulin* ; Osteoblasts ; Osteogenesis ; Osteosarcoma* ; Parathyroid Hormone* ; Rats ; Respiratory Sounds

No abstract available.
Animals ; Epidermal Growth Factor* ; Mesangial Cells* ; Rats*

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of systemic diseases and medications in patients older than 65 years of age who visited the hospital for implant treatment, as well as to investigate basic information about surgical complications that may occur after insured implant treatment. METHODS: A total of 126 patients over 65 years of age were treated for implant surgery from October 1, 2013 to October 30, 2016. Electronic chart review was conducted to obtain medical records, which included sex, age, systemic diseases, medication(s) being taken, and control of the medications. Five patients were excluded due to lack of medical records giving information about systemic disease. RESULTS: Of the 126 patients, 112 (88.9%) were taking medication due to systemic disease and 9 patients (7.1%) were not. The sex distribution was 71 women and 55 men and the highest proportion of patients were between 65 and 69 years old. The most common diseases were, from most to least frequent, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and osteoporosis. The drug groups that can cause major complications after dental treatment were classified as hemorrhagic, osteoporotic, and immunosuppressive agents, and were taken by 45 (35.7%), 22 (17.5%) and 4 (3.2%) patients, respectively. CONCLUSION: Given that 88.9% of the elderly patients who were eligible for insurance implant treatment had systemic disease, it is necessary to carefully evaluate patients' medical histories and their general conditions in order to prevent emergencies during implant surgery.
Aged* ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Delivery of Health Care* ; Dental Implants* ; Emergencies ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Insurance* ; Korea* ; Male ; Medical History Taking ; Medical Records ; National Health Programs ; Osteoporosis ; Postoperative Complications ; Sex Distribution

Whereas mesangial and epithelial cells from glomeruli are commonly grown in vitro, there has been major difficulties in developing homogenous cultures of human glomerular endothelial cells. This study defines the conditions for the reproducible isolation and growth of homogenous monolayers of human glomerular endothelial cells based on the method of Green DF et al published in 1992. Using the selective media and the sieving method, fibronectin was required as a surface matrix after adequate collagenase treatment, and endothelial cell growth factor and heparin was needed for the continuous growth of endothelial cells. The endothelial cell growth factor was isolated from the bovine hypothalamic extracts. Glomerular capillary endothelial cells exhibited a cobblestone morphology at confluence and stained homogenously with von Willebrand factor(factor VIII). The cytokeratin and the actin were not stained. This study might be helpful for in vitro study to know the biological characteristics of human glomerular endothelial cells under the predetermined condition.
Actins ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Collagenases ; Endothelial Cells* ; Epithelial Cells ; Fibronectins ; Heparin ; Humans* ; Keratins ; Population Characteristics

Sciatic nerve can be injured by various mechanism such as compression, traction during surgery, and direct trauma. This case reports a sciatic neuropathy caused by compression due to hematoma occurring after intramuscular injection in the gluteus medius muscle far from the nerve. In order to avoid occurrence of sciatic neuropathy after buttock injection, the injection was made in the upper outer quadrant of the buttock, but sciatic neuropathy occurred. Sciatic neuropathy can be confused with lumbar radiculopathy, so differential diagnosis is important.