The researchers built targets and way to handle skin and built quantitative method notroglucerin by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and quantitative method total nitroglucerin content in sticking-plaster Discotrin 36mg with area of 13,3cm2. The study was carried out in 6 samples and average with RSD = 0,47%, from there find out exactly nitroglycerin level on 1cm2 to evaluate permeation of nitroglycerin through skin in different temperatures ( 41oC, 37oC, 25oC). The result showed that the higher temperature, the more Nitroglycerin is permeated. The permeation of nitroglycerin through skin is defferent in each animal
Nitroglycerin ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Skin

Nitroglycerin, a vasoactive substance, has been used in the treatment of vagina for more than 100 years. To sustain the pharmaceutical effect, doses were administered every 2 hours. Recently the transdermal delivery systems have became popular. Based on eudragit E 100, we combined it with plasticizer (dibutyl sebacate/triethyl citrate), crosslinker (succinic acid), active ingredient (nitroglycerin) and further excipients (e.g. permation enhances: ethyl alcohol) to form a self adhesive matrix system for use in nitroglycerin patch. The concentration of nitroglycerin in the patch was determined by HPLC assay
Nitroglycerin ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic

In 35 heart failure patients (20 male, 15 female with average age 48±6) in the Hospital 103 from November 2001 to May 2002 the study was carried out. Doppler ultrasound on the heart identified high systolic pressure of pulmonary artery (SPPA). One sublingual capsule of nitroglycerin (0.5 mg) exested a decrease of SPPA in heart failure patient with high SPPA within 5, 10, 15 , 30 and 1 hour. The preparation was well tolerable, with no significant side effects
Heart Failure, Congestive ; Pulmonary Artery ; Patients ; Nitroglycerin ; pressure

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of nitroglycerin on the production of nitric oxide and its related pathway in cultured human trabecular meshwork cells (HTMC). METHODS: Primarily cultured HTMC were exposed to 10 nM nitroglycerin using 1% serum-containing media for 30 minutes. The production of nitric oxide was assessed with the Griess assay and expressions of eNOS mRNA was assessed with RT-PCR. Additionally, the cells were exposed to wortmanin and Akt1/2 kinase inhibitor to investigate the mechanism related to the production of nitric oxide. RESULTS: Nitroglycerin increased the production of nitric oxide (p < 0.05) accompanied with increased expression of eNOS mRNA. The increased production of nitric oxide and eNOS mRNA was inhibited by wortmanin and Akt1/2 kinase inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS: Low-dose nitroglycerin increased the production of nitric oxide accompanied by increased eNOS activity. Nitroglycerin drives eNOS activation via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway.
Humans ; Nitric Oxide ; Nitroglycerin ; Phosphatidylinositols ; Phosphotransferases ; RNA, Messenger ; Trabecular Meshwork

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Flow-mediated brachial artery vasoactivity has been proposed as a noninvasive means for assessing endothelial function. The present study is designed to assess the influence of aging on endothelial function and when vasoactivity developed initially, peaked. MATERIALS AND METHOD: We measured brachial artery diameter for 60 seconds continuously using 7.5 MHz ultrasound following 5 minutes of lower arm occlusion in 22 normal volun-teers (young group: 10 volunteers, 26.5+/-1.9 years; old group: 12 volunteers, 55.9+/-3.3 years). After sublingual administration of 0.6 mg nitroglycerine, 240 seconds continuously. And then we measure vasoactivity every 3 seconds. RESULTS: Flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) was started earlier in young group (24.3+/-2.8 sec; old group 28.8+/-3.6 sec, p=0.017). After release of occlusion, peak vasoacitivity time was at 35.5+/-4.7 seconds and peak vasoactivity was 8.4+/-1.7% in young group (old group 6.9+/-1.5%, p=0.099). Endothelial independent vasodilation (EID) was started at 80.7+/-13.3 seconds after sublingual nitroglycerine in young group (vs 80.0+/-19.0 sec), peaked at 177.5+/-16.9 seconds (vs 171.3+/-13.8 sec). Peak vasoactivity was higher in young group (19.1+/-3.1%; old group 15.9+/-2.5%, p=0.033). CONCLUSION: We conclude that 1) Aging has influence on endothelial function about initiating time of vasoactivity as well as peak vaso- activity. 2) FMD can be measured around 50 seconds after release of brachial artery occlusion and EID at 180 seconds after application of sublingual nitroglycerine. 3) The initiating time of vasoactivity (under 30 seconds) can be used for evaluation of endothelial function.
Administration, Sublingual ; Aging* ; Arm ; Brachial Artery ; Nitroglycerin ; Ultrasonography* ; Vasodilation ; Volunteers

Graded infusion and bolus injection methods of vasoactive drugs have both been used to measure baroreflex sensitivity. To determine whether the two methods produce the same values of baroreceptor sensitivity, phenylephrine and nitroglycerin was administered intravenously by both graded infusion and bolus injection methods to 11 rabbits. To evaluate the baroreflex control of heart rate(HR), a logistic sigmoid function model was used. The range of HR and baroreflex gain by the bolus method(100.53+/-0.62, 0.113+/-0.011) were significantly(p<0.05) larger than those measured by the graded infusion method(108.49+/-1.66, 0.126+/-0.013). However, there were no significant changes in the pressure at the midrange of the baroreflex curve. Thus my results indicate that baroreflex control of HR by the graded infusion and bolus injection methods is not equivalent and that baroreflex-induced HR response to a gradual change in pressure is less than that seen with a repid change.
Baroreflex* ; Colon, Sigmoid ; Heart ; Heart Rate ; Nitroglycerin ; Phenylephrine ; Pressoreceptors ; Rabbits*

BACKGROUND: To overcome the limitation of angiography, intravascular ultrasound(IVUS) is widely used to guide coronary stent implantation. We compared the quantitative measurements of IVUS and quantitaitve coronary angiographic(QVA) analysis after stent implantation. METHODS: Thirty nine patients with 39 coronary lesions underwent coronary stent implantation. The implanted stents were CrossFlex stent in 17, NIR stent in 13, Palmaz-Schatz stent in 6, Multilink stent in 2 patients, and Divysio stent in 1 patient. Post-stent IVUS procedure with automatic pullback device was performed successfully in all patients after angiographic optimization. IVUS and QCA measurements included the minimum lumen diameter at proximal and distal reference artery, and stented site after intracoronary administration of 0.2mg nitroglycerin. RESULTS: IVUS and QCA measurement of minimal luminal diameter(MLD) at proximal and distal reference artery, and stented site correlated reliably each other(r=0.62, p<0.01 ; r=0.77, p<0.01 ; r=0.73, p<0.01 respectively). Event if insignificant statistical difference, there was a tendency of larger MLD at proximal and distal reference artery by IVUS measurement than by QCA measurement(3.2+/-0.5mm vs. 3.1+/-0.4mm, p=0.2 : 3.1+/-0.6mm vs. 3.0+/-0.7mm, p=0.2, respectively). The MLD at stented site was significantly larger by QCA measurement than by IVUS measurement(3.2+/-0.6mm vs. 2.9+/-0.5mm, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We concluded 1) the correlation between IVUS and QCA measurements of reference vessel and stented site was reliable. 2) There was a tendency of larger luminal diameter at reference vessel by IVUS than by QCA. 3) The minimal luminal diameter was measured significantly larger at stented site by QCA than by IVUS.
Angiography ; Arteries ; Coronary Vessels* ; Humans ; Nitroglycerin ; Phenobarbital ; Stents* ; Ultrasonography*

No abstract available.
Arterial Pressure* ; Arteriovenous Malformations* ; Embolization, Therapeutic* ; Ethanol* ; Extremities* ; Nitroglycerin*

No abstract available.
Arterial Pressure* ; Arteriovenous Malformations* ; Embolization, Therapeutic* ; Ethanol* ; Extremities* ; Nitroglycerin*

To evaluate the coronary vasomotor tone in vasospasic angina, we compared the diameters of non-spastic segments of vasospastic group with those of control group. The internal diameters of each segment of three major coronary arteries were measured on the basal coronary angiogram, and nitroglycerin administration after provocation with ergonovine or acetylcholine. The vasospastic angina group consisted of 26 patients(20 males, 6 females, mean age of 54 years) and control group consisted of 25 patients (7 males, 18 females, mean age of 55 years). The basal coronary arterial diameters in vasospastic angina group were smaller than those in control group(p<0.05) except the distal segment of right coronary artery. The percent dilation ratio in vasospastic angina group was greater than that in control group(p<0.05). In vasospastic angina group there was no significant difference in the degree of constriction after provocation with ergonovine or acetylcholine between proximal and distal segment. These observations suggest that in vasospastic angina, basal coronary arterial tone is increased in the entire coronary arterial tree and the localized spasm may reflect local hyperrespon siveness.
Acetylcholine ; Constriction ; Coronary Vessels ; Ergonovine ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nitroglycerin ; Spasm