OBJECTIVETo study the teratogenicity of new high-energy compounds, 3, 4 two furazan-based oxidation furazan (DNTF) and the impact on human health, occupational exposure limits were provided for the following research.

METHODSPregnant SD rats were randomly divided into five groups by Standard teratogenicity test, including three dose groups (5.0, 15.8, 50.0 mg/kg), the negative control (vegetable oil), and the positive control group (CP 10.0 mg/kg). Each 10 to 15 rats were in one group. Gavage was consecutive for rats during pregnancy 7 ∼ 12 d and then sacrifice after 20 d.

RESULTSThere were no significantly difference between the three dose groups and negative controls in the pregnancy rate, the weight of pregnant rats, fetal weight, fetal growth, fetal malformation rate and internal organs,

CONCLUSIONThere were no maternal toxicity, embryo toxicity and teratogenicity for rats when DNTF in the range 5.0 ∼ 50.0 mg/kg.

Animals ; Female ; Nitrofurazone ; toxicity ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Teratogens

PURPOSE: Tie-over dressing is widely used to secure skin grafting on face, body, or extremities. It can be a rather complicated task and is not easy to make compressive dressing again if performed in a conventional method. So, we hereby introduce an easy reproducible tie over dressing method. METHODS: After completing the skin graft, Cut the silastic drainage longitudinally in half and spread to the grafted skin margin. Drainage is fixed by using the stapes or sutures. A fluffy gauze bolus dressing is placed over a furacin impregnated gauze and wrapped around. After suturing the distal margin of silastics with opposite side using the silk thread either 5-0 or 3-0, knot of suturing, which is pressed down against the dressing while the threads are tightened, is made into center of each sides. RESULTS: It can make dressing again after observing the grafted skin, and it can also make pressure on the grafted area evenly until the grafted skin is taken. CONCLUSION: This dressing method makes the surgeons and patients comfortable. To surgeons, it provides more rapid and easier way to do dressing, and to patients, it eliminates pain caused by redressing.
Bandages ; Dimethylpolysiloxanes ; Drainage ; Extremities ; Humans ; Nitrofurazone ; Silk ; Skin ; Skin Transplantation ; Stapes ; Sutures ; Transplants

Systemic infection by MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) is a risk in immunodeficient patients such as those with severe burn injuries. Hozai, formulations with tonic effects, may enhance the immune system and we treated two severe burn patients with MRSA infections using Juzentaihoto, which is a remedy for kikyo (deficiency of vital energy) and kekkyo (ketsu deficiency). Both patients suffered flame burns [85% body surface area (BSA) and 40% BSA] and inhalation injuries committing self-immolation. They contracted MRSA in due course and antibiotics such as Arbekacin or Teicoplanin did not control MRSA. Therefore, Juzentaihoto was administered through a nasogastric tube and both of them were finally cured without complications. Juzentaihoto may be useful against fatigue, anemia, malaise, ulcer, and purulent wounds due to severe burns.
Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection ; Physical trauma ; Cases ; Infections of musculoskeletal system ; Burn brand of nitrofurazone

AIMTo study the effect of both light and heat on the stability of furacilin aqueous solution and the probability of substituting for isothermal accelerated tests by nonisothermal accelerated tests upon exposure to light at high temperatures.

METHODSThe isothermal and nonisothermal accelerated tests were employed. The accelerated tests were proceeded in the dark and exposed to light at high temperature. Tungsten, ultraviolet and fluorescent lamps were employed in exposure tests.

RESULTSThe degradation of furacilin aqueous solution in isothermal heating experiments or the exposure experiments to light at high temperatures obeys zero-order kinetics. The total degradation rate constant k caused by both light and heat can be divided into two parts: k = kdark + klight, where kdark and klight are the degradation rate constant caused by heat and light, respectively. The klight can be expressed as klight = Alight.exp(-Ea,light/RT).E, where E is the illuminance of light; Alight and Ea,light are both experimental constants. The parameters obtained in nonisothermal accelerated tests were comparable to those obtained in classic isothermal accelerated tests.

CONCLUSIONNonisothermal accelerated tests may substitute for isothermal accelerated tests during the study of the effects of both light and heat on the stability of drugs, in order to save time, labor and drugs.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local ; chemistry ; Drug Stability ; Hot Temperature ; Light ; Mathematics ; Nitrofurazone ; chemistry ; Solutions

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of nitofurazone-coated urinary catheter in inhibitory activity of catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI). METHODS: From March to September 2001, 177 patients in five university hospitals who were expected to use urinary catheters and be satisfied with the inclusion, exclusion criteria were analyzed. Through urine culture, we compared the incidence rate and onset of CAUTI after catheterization of standard silicone urinary catheters (control group) and nitofurazone-coated catheters (experimental group). CAUTI was defined as over 103 CFU/mL of bacteria in urine culture. The catheter surface was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to analyze the bacteial biofilms. RESULTS: The incidence rate of CAUTI was lower in experimental group than in control group but there was no statistical significancy. However, in the patients who had indwelling urinary catheters for 5~7 days, the incidence rate of CAUTI was significantly low in experimental group. Depending on catheter insertion period, the incidence onset of CAUTI was analyzed. It was found that the longer the insertion period was, the lower the incidence rate of CAUTI in experimental group was than in control group, but there was no statistical significancy. In the patients who had indwelling urinary catheters for 5~7 days, the incidence rate of CAUTI was significantly low in experimental group. According to the result of this study, patient who was older and had longer insertion- period, had higher incidence rate of CAUTI. SEM showed the formation of bacterial biofilm in silicone catheters throughout the 5~7 days, but deterioration of the bacterial biofilm was visible on the surface of nitofurazone-coated catheters. There was no side-effect in any groups. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that nitofurazone-coated catheters can be useful for inhibition of urinary tract infection, with systemic and local safety, in patients who have indwelling urinary catheter more than 5 days and old-age paitents.
Bacteria ; Biofilms ; Catheterization ; Catheters* ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Nitrofurazone ; Silicones* ; Urinary Catheters* ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*

Nitrofurazone is a well known sensitizer and is widely used particularly in surgical department for the treatment of secondary infection, but the reports of all ergic contact dermatitis to nitrofurazone are rare in Korean literature. We experienced a case of allergic eontact dermatitis to 0.2% nitrofurazone in 31-year-old female after dressing the grafted wound on the left index finger with the gauze embedded with 0.2% nitrofurazone olintmnt. The patch test results revealed a strong positve reaction to 0.2% nitrofurazone ointment after 48 hours.
Adult ; Bandages ; Coinfection ; Dermatitis ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact* ; Dermatitis, Contact ; Female ; Fingers ; Humans ; Nitrofurazone* ; Patch Tests ; Transplants ; Wounds and Injuries

OBJECTIVETo study the 3, 4- dinitro-furazan-based oxidation furazan (DNTF) of sub-acute toxicity and chronic toxicity, to determine the acute toxicity classification DNTF, the nature of toxic effects and major target organ for the development provide the basis for occupational exposure limits.

METHODS( 1) Acute toxicity: The oral gavage method once infected, symptoms of poisoning of animals observed to calculate the LD50DNTF and 95% confidence limits. ( 2) sub-chronic experiment: selection of 96 healthy SD rats were randomly divided into four groups, doses of 25, 56.2, 125 mg/kg and the negative control group, Exposure for ninety days,five days a week, once a day, The rats were killed at end of Exposure, heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, brain,testis, uterus were taken to observe the pathological changes.

RESULTS( 1) Acute oral toxicity test results indicate that DNTF rat oral LD50 greater than 5000 mg/kg, DNTF mice treated by oral LD50 4589 mg/kg, 95%confidence limit for the 4026-5230 mg/kg, Acute toxicity grade level is low toxicity compounds. (2) Sub-chronic toxicity experiment, the high-dose male rats, high, medium and low-dose group female rats weight gain than the negative control group, compared with the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).125 mg/kg of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase was significantly higher. 125 mg/kg dose groups, liver, kidney, lung, testicular factor was significantly higher. Liver, kidney, lung histological examination showed obvious morphological changes.

CONCLUSIONAcute toxicity grade DNTF low toxicity level compounds, target organ toxicity of liver, kidney and lung.

Animals ; Female ; Lethal Dose 50 ; Male ; Mice ; Nitrofurazone ; analogs & derivatives ; toxicity ; Oxadiazoles ; toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Toxicity Tests

Povidone-iodine is one of the most widely used antiseptics and rarely has been reported to produce allergic contact dermatitis. Nitrofurazone has beeo widely used for the prevention and the treatment of the superficial bacterial infection and infrequently causes allergic contact dermatitis. A 48-year-old man was present with a 3-week history of pruritic skin lesion on the right forearm. He had treated the right forearm with antiseptics including Betadine and nitrofurazone and thereafter suffered from the skin lesion. Patch tests with Korean standard antigens, antiseptics and topical antibacterial agents revealed positive reactions to povidone-iodine and nitrofurazone.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Anti-Infective Agents, Local* ; Bacterial Infections ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact* ; Forearm ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Nitrofurazone ; Patch Tests ; Povidone-Iodine ; Skin

PURPOSE: Catheter-associated urinary tract infections are inevitable in patients with a long-term indwelling catheter. The antibacterial activity of nitrofurazone-impregnating compounds has recently been employed in urinary catheter, and may be effective in blocking infections. The aims of this study were to evaluate the bacterial isolation, antibiotic sensitivity test and the efficacy of a nitrofurazone-coated urinary catheter. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 41 patients that required an indwelling urinary catheter for longer than 4 weeks were assigned to receive either a silicone (n=24), or nitrofurazone, coated catheter (n=17). Urine and catheter tip samples were cultured for bacteriological assessment. The results of the bacterial culture and antibiotic sensitivity test, rate of infection from urine and proximal tip were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The bacterial cultures from the tips of the silicone and nitrofurazone catheters were in 95.8 and 82.4%, respectively, but were statistically insignificant (p=0.064). Bacteriuria developed in 79.2 and 64.7% of the silicone-coated and nitrofurazone-coated catheter groups (p=0.476). Gram negative bacteria were found in 65 (69.8%), with the most three frequent species being Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia in 23 (24.7%), 20 (21.5%) and 16 (17.2%), respectively. All the organisms were more susceptible to amikacin, aztreonam and ceftriaxone, but were relatively resistant to ampicillin, gentamycin and ciprofloxacin. CONCLUSIONS: Many of the patients with a long-term indwelling catheter had bacterial infections or colonization in the urine and proximal catheter-tip samples, despite the preventive administration of antibiotics. This study failed to demonstrate any efficacy of a nitrofurazone-coated catheter.
Amikacin ; Ampicillin ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Aztreonam ; Bacterial Infections ; Bacteriuria ; Catheterization ; Catheters* ; Catheters, Indwelling ; Ceftriaxone ; Ciprofloxacin ; Colon ; Escherichia coli ; Gentamicins ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; Humans ; Klebsiella ; Nitrofurazone ; Pneumonia ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Silicones* ; Urinary Catheters ; Urinary Tract Infections

We made fusion protein of fastatin and FIII 9-10, termed tetra-cell adhesion molecule (T-CAM) that can interact simultaneously with alphavbeta3 and alpha5beta1 integrins, both playing important roles in tumor angiogenesis. T-CAM can serve as a cell adhesion substrate mediating adhesion and migration of endothelial cells in alphavbeta3 and alpha5beta1 integrin-dependent manner. T-CAM showed pronounced anti-angiogenic activities such as inhibition of endothelial cell tube formation, endothelial cell proliferation, and induction of endothelial cell apoptosis. T-CAM also inhibited angiogenesis and tumor growth in mouse xenograft model. The anti-angiogenic and anti-tumoral activity of molecule like fastatin could be improved by fusing it with integrin-recognizing cell adhesion domain from other distinct proteins. The strategy of combining two distinct anti-angiogenic molecules or cell adhesion domains could facilitate designing improved anticancer agent of therapeutic value.
Angiogenesis Inhibitors/chemistry/*pharmacology ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry/*pharmacology ; Base Sequence ; Benzocaine/chemistry/*pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Chloramphenicol/chemistry/*pharmacology ; DNA Primers ; Drug Combinations ; Factor VIII/chemistry/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Integrin alpha5beta1/*physiology ; Integrin alphaVbeta3/*physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Nitrofurazone/chemistry/*pharmacology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/*pharmacology