Cyclooxygenase 2 ; metabolism ; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Nitrobenzenes ; pharmacology ; Radiation Tolerance ; drug effects ; Sulfonamides ; pharmacology

This experiment pursued the time course of contact hypersensitivity to 2,4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene (DNFB) and histologic changes of the cutaneous reaction in mice. The contact hypersensitivity reached a maximum 4 days after sensitization (96.9 +/- 6.7% vs. 22.7 +/- 1.3% in control) and persisted for 3 weeks. The cutaneous hypersensitivity reaction showed peak reactivity at 24 hr after challenge (96.2 +/- 4.7% vs. 11.5 +/- 1.7% in control), and persisted up to 96 hr (13.2 +/- 2.1%). Prime histologic changes observed in this experiment were the exocytosis of lymphoid cells and epidermal thickening which appeared at 20 hr after challenge. Edema, vasodilatation and increased mast cells were observed within the dermis at 4-8 hr. However, edema and vasodilatation disappeared gradually, but numbers of mast cell increased up to 96 hr. The dermal infiltrates were maximum at the 28-72 hr after challenge.
Animals ; Dermatitis, Contact/immunology/*pathology ; Dinitrofluorobenzene/*pharmacology ; Ear ; Female ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Nitrobenzenes/*pharmacology ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo investigate anticancer effect and molecular mechanism of N-[(Cyclohexyloxy)-4-nitrophenyl] methanesulfonamide on HepG2 cells in vitro.

METHODSHepG2 cells were treated with various concentrations (100, 200, 300, 400 micromol/L) of NS-398 [selective for cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibition]. Cell growth was measured by MTT method, DNA fragmentation gel analysis was used to analyze the apoptosis cells, DNA ploidy and apoptotic cell percentage were examined by flow cytometry (FCM). PGE2 concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay method. The expressions of COX-2 were also examined by Western blot analysis.

RESULTSNS-398 inhibited HepG2 cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. DNA ploidy analysis showed that S phase cells were significantly decreased and quiescent G1 phase was accumulated with NS-398 concentration increasing. The IC50 of 24 hours was 300 micromol/L. The release of PGE2 was significantly reduced in HepG2 cells with the values of NS-398 being (0.70 +/- 0.02), (0.48 +/- 0.02), (0.29 +/- 0.01) and (0.18 +/- 0.01) respectively, as compared with control group (0.03 +/- 0.01). NS-398 could inhibit the activity and expression of COX-2, with higher concentration, it can significantly down-regulate the expression of COX-2 (t = 3.736, 1.623, 1.810, 2.587, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONNS-398 might significantly inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells and induce apoptosis. The mechanisms were related with the accumulation of quiescent G1 phase and the inhibition of COX-2 activity.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; biosynthesis ; Humans ; Nitrobenzenes ; pharmacology ; Sulfonamides ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect and mechanism of the selective COX-2 inhibitor NS-398 and carboplatin on the human cervical carcinoma cell line Hela. METHODS: The effect of NS-398, carboplatin, and both on the proliferation of Hela cells was assessed by methyl-thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method, and the apoptosis assay and cell cycle distribution were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: NS-398, and carboplatin inhibited the growth of Hela cells in a dose and time-dependent manner. When combining carboplatin with NS-398, the combined inhibition rate was increased, which nearly equaled the inhibition rate of the double concentrations of carboplatin. Flow cytometry demonstrated that the cell cycle was redistributed: the G(1)-phase cell fraction was increased while the S-phase cell fraction was significantly decreased after the cells were treated with NS-398 (P<0.05), However,the result was just the opposite after being treated with carboplatin. The apoptotic rate was 1.48%+/-0.03% and 3.43%+/-0.02% for pre-treatment and post-treatment with NS-398 respectively (P>0.05) while the apoptotic rate was 9.32%+/-0.02% after the treatment with carboplatin (P<0.05). CONCLUSION NS-398 can inhibit the growth of Hela cells. The effect of NS-398 on Hela cells may not be related to the apoptosis. NS-398 and carboplatin can bring about synergistic effect in chemotherapy on Hela cells.
Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Carboplatin ; pharmacology ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Drug Synergism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Nitrobenzenes ; pharmacology ; Sulfonamides ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of NS398, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, on the transcription and translation of BCL-3 and its regulatory gene cyclin D1 in colon cancer cell line SW480.

METHODSHuman colon cancer cells SW480 were divided into two groups: SW480 cells in experimental group were treated with NS398 in different concentrations(25 micromol/L, 50 micromol/L, 100 micromol/L and 200 micromol/L) for 48 h or 72 h. SW480 cells in control group were treated with media which did not contain NS398. Then the expressions of BCL-3 and cyclin D1 were detected by RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunocytochemistry.

RESULTSAt 48 hours RT-PCR showed that BCL-3 mRNA and cyclin D1 mRNA decreased in a dose-dependent manner in the experimental group. However, there were no significant differences in the levels of BCL-3 protein and cyclin D1 protein between two groups (P>0.05). At 72 hours, BCL-3 protein and cyclin D1 protein also decreased in a dose-dependent manner in the experimental group. When the concentration of NS398 reached 100 micromol/L, the differences between the two groups in the expression of BCL-3 mRNA and protein became statistically significant (P<0.01). When the concentration of NS398 reached 50 micromol/L, the differences in the expression of cyclin D1 mRNA and protein were statistically significant (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSBCL-3 is expressed in colon cancer cell line SW480. COX-2 inhibitor can inhibit the expression of BCL-3 and cyclin D1 in a dose-dependent manner. NS398 may down-regulate the expression of cyclin D1 through BCL-3.

Cell Line, Tumor ; drug effects ; Colonic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Cyclin D1 ; metabolism ; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Nitrobenzenes ; pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; metabolism ; Sulfonamides ; pharmacology ; Transcription Factors ; metabolism

BACKGROUNDCyclooxygenase (COX) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the production of prostanoids from arachidonic acid. COX-2 is the inducible enzyme in the COX family, together with the prostanoids forms the COX-2/prostanoid pathway. Research showed that the COX-2/prostanoid pathway is activated in hepatic diseases and liver stress reaction, such as fibrogenesis, portal hypertension, carcinogenesis, and ischemic/reperfusion injury. But there was no report on visceral pain induced liver stress. This study was to investigate the role of the COX-2/prostanoid pathway in liver stress response in rat acute colitis visceral pain liver stress model.

METHODSFifty-three male SD rats were randomly divided into Naive, Model, NS398 treatment, and Morphine treatment groups. The rat acute colitis visceral pain liver stress model was established under anesthesia by the colonic administration of 0.5 ml of 6% acetic acid using a urethral catheter. NS398 and morphine were administrated 30 minutes prior to model establishment in NS398 and Morphine treatment groups respectively. Spontaneous activities and pain behavior were counted and the extent of colonic inflammation was assessed histologically. Liver tissue levels of Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) activity, COX-2 mRNA, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and 6-Ketone-prostaglandin F1alpha (6-K-PGF1alpha) contents were assessed.

RESULTSThirty minutes after the colonic administration of acetic acid, a significant decrease in spontaneous activities and an increase in pain behaviors were observed in Model group (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05 respectively), accompanied by colonic inflammation. Liver GST activity levels significantly dropped (P < 0.05). Liver COX-2 mRNA expression significantly increased, accompanied by an increase in liver concentrations of PGE2 and TXB2, but no obvious change in 6-K-PGF1alpha concentrations. NS398 and morphine both ameliorated post-stress liver GST activity (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 respectively), decreased stress-induced COX-2 expression, decreased PGE2 and TXB2 production, but increased liver 6-K-PGF1alpha levels. Morphine attenuation in colonic tissue inflammation was apparent at 24 hours (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSAcute colitis visceral pain liver stress can induce liver injury. Liver injury might have occurred through the activation of the COX-2/prostanoid pathway and increased production of PGE2 and TXB2. Effective analgesia might offer protective effect during visceral pain stress.

Acute Disease ; Animals ; Colitis ; physiopathology ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; physiology ; Hyperalgesia ; physiopathology ; Liver ; metabolism ; Liver Diseases ; physiopathology ; Male ; Morphine ; pharmacology ; Nitrobenzenes ; pharmacology ; Prostaglandins ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sulfonamides ; pharmacology

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; pathology ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; Nitrobenzenes ; pharmacology ; Sulfonamides ; pharmacology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/enzymology/*metabolism/pathology ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors/*pharmacology ; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms/enzymology/*metabolism/pathology ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Neoplasm Proteins/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Nitrobenzenes/pharmacology ; Sulfonamides/pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the regulatory effect of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug NS398 on the expression of the RECK gene in the animal model of prostate cancer.

METHODSNude mouse models of prostate cancer were divided into an experimental and a control group, the former fed with NS398 at 0.1 mg/g per day for 10, 20 and 30 days, while latter left without medication. All the mice were killed at 30 days, the mRNA expressions of RECK and MMP-9 in the tumor tissues measured by RT-PCR, and the protein level of RECK evaluated by Western blot.

RESULTSBoth the mRNA and protein expressions of RECK were increased, while the level of MMP-9 decreased, in an obviously time-dependent manner in the experimental group as compared with the control.

CONCLUSIONNS398 obviously inhibits the pathogenesis and metastasis of prostate cancer, which may be attributed to its induction of the expression of the RECK gene and suppression of the expression of MMP-9.

Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; pharmacology ; GPI-Linked Proteins ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Humans ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Nitrobenzenes ; pharmacology ; Sulfonamides ; pharmacology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of the selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor NS398 on the growth of human pancreatic tumor BxPC-3 cell strain and its possible mechanisms.

METHODSThe effect of NS398 on cell growth was assessed by 3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2, 5-diphenyl thiazolyl blue (MTT) assay. Apoptosis was determined by fluorescence-activated cell scanning (FACS) analysis and assessment of the floating cell/attached cell ratio. Caspase-3 activation was evaluated by Active Caspase-3 Apoptosis Kit with flow cytometry. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis (RT-PCR) and Western blot were used to demonstrate expression levels of COX-1, COX-2 mRNA, and protein, as well as Caspase-3 protein in pancreatic tumor BxPC-3 cell strain.

RESULTSSelective COX-2 inhibitor NS398 significantly decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis in pancreatic tumor BxPC-3 cell strain. The protein expression of Caspase-3 was induced by high-concentration NS398. Caspase-3 activity was strongly activated by NS398.

CONCLUSIONSSelective COX-2 inhibitor NS398 has antiproliferative and proapoptotic potential in pancreatic tumor BxPC-3 cells. Such effect is independent of COX-2, but correlates with Caspase-3 activation.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspase 3 ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Cyclooxygenase 1 ; metabolism ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; metabolism ; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Nitrobenzenes ; pharmacology ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; enzymology ; pathology ; Sulfonamides ; pharmacology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured