Coma ; chemically induced ; Humans ; Nitriles ; adverse effects ; Pyrethrins ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVESTo study the effects of fenvalerate exposure on the semen quality of occupational workers in order to find out the early effective biomarkers.

METHODSThirty-two male workers who exposed to fenvalerate and 46 male administrators in the office in a pesticide factory were selected as the exposure group and internal control group, respectively, and 22 male administrators in a center for disease control were served as the external control group. In order to evaluate the exposed levels, the concentration of fenvalerate, toluene and xylene in the ambient air of working place in these three groups were monitored simultaneously for three consecutive days. After the semen were collected according to the standard method, the workers' semen qualities were analysed with University of California at Davis (UCDavis) method and the sperm motility were evaluated using computer assisted sperm analysis(CASA).

RESULTSIn the exposure group, the concentrations of fenvalerate were significantly higher than those in the internal and external control group (P < 0.01), while no significant difference of the concentration on toluene or xylene was found (P > 0.05). Sperm motion parameters in the exposure group such as linearity(LIN), straightness(STR), and the sperm count were decreased significantly, and the abnormality rate of viscidity, coagulation and sperm count were increased significantly as compared with the internal and the external control groups(P < 0.05). Furthermore, the sperm progression and beat cross frequency (BCF) in the exposure group were also lower significantly than those in the external control group(P < 0.05), while the abnormality rate of sperm progression was increased significantly.

CONCLUSIONSIn such a low concentration, occupational exposure to fenvalerate can affect workers' semen quality, especially the sperm count and sperm movement ability.

Adult ; Humans ; Insecticides ; toxicity ; Male ; Nitriles ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects ; Pyrethrins ; toxicity ; Semen ; drug effects ; Sperm Count ; Sperm Motility ; drug effects

The aim of the present study was to determine whether oncologic outcomes and adverse events associated with active on/off intermittent antiandrogen monotherapy (daily bicalutamide, 50 mg per day) are comparable with those of standard external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) or combined androgen blockade (CAB) therapy in prostate cancers with positive surgical margins after radical prostatectomy. Two hundred twenty-three patients with positive surgical margins post-radical prostatectomy who underwent active surveillance (AS, n = 32), EBRT without hormone therapy (n = 55), intermittent antiandrogen monotherapy without EBRT (IAAM, n = 50), or CAB without EBRT (n = 86), between 2007 and 2014, were reviewed retrospectively. Pathologic outcomes, biochemical recurrence rates, radiological disease progression, and adverse events were collected from medical records. Biochemical recurrence rates, biochemical recurrence-free survival rates, and radiological recurrence were not different between the groups (P = 0.225, 0.896, and 0.284, respectively). Adverse event rates and severities were lower for IAAM compared with EBRT or CAB (both P < 0.05), but were comparable to those for AS (P = 0.591 and 0.990, respectively). Grade ≥3 adverse events were not reported in the IAAM or AS groups. Erectile dysfunction and loss of libido rates were lower in the IAAM group compared with the EBRT and CAB groups (P = 0.032). Gastrointestinal complications were more frequently reported in the EBRT group (P = 0.008). Active on/off IAAM treatment might be an appropriate treatment option for patients with positive surgical margins after radical prostatectomy. Furthermore, regarding oncologic outcomes, IAAM was comparable to standard EBRT but had a milder adverse event profile.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Androgen Antagonists/adverse effects* ; Anilides/adverse effects* ; Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects* ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use* ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant/adverse effects* ; Disease-Free Survival ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/blood* ; Neoplasm, Residual ; Nitriles/adverse effects* ; Prostate-Specific Antigen/blood* ; Prostatectomy ; Prostatic Neoplasms/therapy* ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant/adverse effects* ; Retrospective Studies ; Tosyl Compounds/adverse effects*

AIMTo evaluate the long-term effectiveness, side effects and compliance rates of two types of drugs (luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone [LHRH] agonist and antiandrogen) that were used individually to treat patients with localized prostate cancer (T1-2) at our institution.

METHODSNinety-seven patients who were diagnosed in the period from April 1997 to January 2000 as having clinically localized prostate cancer (T1-2) received either LHRH agonist (leuprolide acetate 7.5 mg/month) monotherapy (group 1, n = 62) or antiandrogen monotherapy (group 2, n = 35; 18 received bicalutamide 50 mg q.d., 13 received nilutamide 150 mg t.i.d. and 4 received flutamide 250 mg t.i.d.). The mean age in both groups was 76 years.

RESULTSThe mean follow-up time was (50.8 +/- 8.5) months in group 1 and (43.1 +/- 2.2) months in group 2. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels rose in only 1 of the 62 patients (1.6%) in group 1, and in 20 of the 35 patients (57.1%) in group 2. In group 2, 10 of the 20 patients (50%) with increasing PSA levels were treated with LHRH salvage therapy, and eight (80%) responded. Hot flashes (54.8%) and lethargy (41.9%) were the most common side effects in group 1. In contrast, nipple-tenderness (40%) and light-dark adaptation (17.1%) were more often seen in group 2. Only 1 of the 62 patients (1.6%) in group 1 switched to another medication because of adverse side effects; whereas 8 of the 35 patients (22.9%) in group 2 did so.

CONCLUSIONUnlike antiandrogen monotherapy, LHRH agonist monotherapy provided long-term durable control of localized prostate cancer (T1-2). It can also be an effective treatment option for patients whose disease failed to respond to antiandrogen monotherapy. The limitations of our study are the lack of health outcomes analysis and a small sample size.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Androgen Antagonists ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Anilides ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Flutamide ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; agonists ; Humans ; Imidazolidines ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Leuprolide ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Nitriles ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; blood ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Tosyl Compounds ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo investigate the efficacy of letrozole for delaying bone maturation and increasing predicted adult height in boys with idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) who have a bone age above 13 years and a short stature, and its adverse effects.

METHODSTwenty ICPP boys with a bone age above 13 years and a short stature were randomly divided into letrozole treatment (n=10) and control groups (n=10). The letrozole treatment group received oral letrozole [2.5 mg/(m(2)·d), Qd] for 6 months, while the control group received no treatment and was observed periodically. Bone age, growth rate, height standard deviation (SD) score, predicted adult height SD score, sexual maturity, and levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), progesterone (P), and androstenedione (ASD) were measured. The letrozole-related adverse reactions were evaluated.

RESULTSAfter 6 months of treatment, both groups had a significantly increased bone age, but the letrozole group had a significantly slowed increase in bone age compared with the control group (13.82 ± 0.23 years vs 14.47 ± 0.30 years; P<0.05); compared with the control group, the letrozole group had a significantly increased predicted adult height SD score (-1.69 ± 0.26 vs -1.91 ± 0.35; P<0.05) and a significantly increased T level (4.9 ± 0.9 nmol/L vs 4.4 ± 0.8 nmol/L; P<0.05). There was no significant difference in testicular volume between the two groups. The treatment led to no significant changes in growth rate, Tanner stage, and levels of FSH, LH, P, E2 and ASD in the two groups, and there was no significant difference in these indices between the two groups. No adverse reactions were observed during letrozole treatment.

CONCLUSIONSLetrozole delays bone maturation and increases predicted adult height in ICPP boys with a bone age above 13 years and a short stature, and it causes no obvious adverse reactions.

Adolescent ; Aromatase Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Body Height ; drug effects ; Bone Development ; drug effects ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones ; blood ; Humans ; Male ; Nitriles ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Puberty, Precocious ; blood ; drug therapy ; Testis ; drug effects ; pathology ; Triazoles ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use

Antineoplastic Agents ; adverse effects ; Arterial Occlusive Diseases ; chemically induced ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Carotid Artery Diseases ; chemically induced ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Nitriles ; adverse effects ; Postmenopause ; Triazoles ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively analyze the efficacy and safety of ruxolitinib therapy for children with thalassemia after unrelated or haploidentical stem cell transplantation. METHODS: From March 2020 to March 2021, 22 patients received successfully allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, from +30 to 100 days,those patients received ruxolitinib therapy (2.5 mg, twice daily) and all adverse reactions were observed, include aGVHD, cGVHD, CMV and EBV infection. RESULTS: 22 patients underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation, 5 patients were diagnosed as aGVHD, 3 patients had grade I－II skin GVHD and 2 patients had grade II intestinal GVHD, those patients were cured. All patients were followed up for more than 21 weeks, 4 cases developed cGVHD, including 3 cases of localized liver GVHD and 1 case of pulmonary GVHD, those were relieved after active treatment. 8 patients had elevated EBV copies (>3×10³/ml), and 3 patients had increased CMV copies, the patients recovered after immunosuppressant and antiviral treatment. There was no CMV infection and EBV related post-transplantant lymphoproliferative disorders(PTLD), and no transplant related deaths. CONCLUSION Ruxolitinib can effectively reduce the incidence and severity of GVHD without affecting the hematopoietic recovery, and improve the survival status of thalassemia children after transplantation.
Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use* ; Child ; Graft vs Host Disease/prevention & control* ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects* ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use* ; Nitriles ; Pyrazoles ; Pyrimidines ; Retrospective Studies ; Thalassemia

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of compound malt pills (CMP) on polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) rat model induced by letrozole and the underlying mechanisms.
 METHODS: To establish a PCOS rat model, 48 female SD rats aged 6 weeks were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=8): A normal group, a model control group, a positive control group, a low-dose CMP group, a middle-dose CMP group, and a high-dose CMP group. Rats were treated for 21 days after the PCOS model was successfully established. Ovarian morphology changes were observed, and the expressions of ERα and ERβ was examined by immunohistochemistry, Western blot and RT-PCR, respectively.
 RESULTS: Compared with the normal group, the number of follicular cystic dilatation in the model control group was increased and the granulosa cells were decreased. After the treatment, the number of follicular cystic dilatation was reduced compared with the model control group, but the primordial follicles, corpus luteum and granulosa cells were increased. The expressions of ERα and ERβ in the model control group were significantly decreased (P<0.01), which were increased in the intervention groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01).
 CONCLUSION CMP may play a role in the treatment of PCOS by regulating the expressions of ERα and ERβ.
Animals ; Corpus Luteum ; drug effects ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Estrogen Receptor alpha ; metabolism ; Estrogen Receptor beta ; metabolism ; Female ; Granulosa Cells ; drug effects ; Letrozole ; Nitriles ; adverse effects ; Ovarian Follicle ; drug effects ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Triazoles ; adverse effects

The effects of diclazuril on the bursa of Fabricius (BF) structure and secretory IgA (SIgA) expression in chickens infected with Eimeria tenella were examined. The morphology of the BF was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, while ultrastructural changes were monitored by transmission electron microscopy. E. tenella infection caused the BF cell volumes to decrease, irregularly arranged, as well as, enlargement of the intercellular space. Diclazuril treatment alleviated the physical signs of damages associated with E. tenella infection. The SIgA expression in BF was analyzed by immunohistochemistry technique. The SIgA expression increased significantly by 350.4% (P<0.01) after E. tenella infection compared to the normal control group. With the treatment of diclazuril, the SIgA was relatively fewer in the cortex, and the expression level was significantly decreased by 46.7% (P<0.01) compared with the infected and untreated group. In conclusion, E. tenella infection in chickens induced obvious harmful changes in BF morphological structure and stimulated the expression of SIgA in the BF. Diclazuril treatment effectively alleviated the morphological changes. This result demonstrates a method to develop an immunological strategy in coccidiosis control.
Animals ; Bursa of Fabricius/anatomy & histology/*parasitology ; Chickens ; Coccidiosis/drug therapy/metabolism/parasitology/*veterinary ; Coccidiostats/administration & dosage/*adverse effects ; Eimeria tenella/*physiology ; Female ; Immunoglobulin A, Secretory/*genetics/metabolism ; Male ; Nitriles/administration & dosage/*adverse effects ; Poultry Diseases/*drug therapy/genetics/metabolism/parasitology ; Triazines/administration & dosage/*adverse effects

BACKGROUND: Cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) testing is a strong tool that enables objective determination of balance functions in humans. However, it remains unknown whether cVEMP correctly expresses vestibular disorder in mice. OBJECTIVE: In this study, correlations of cVEMP with scores for balance-related behavior tests including rotarod, beam, and air-righting reflex tests were determined in ICR mice with vestibular disorder induced by 3,3'-iminodipropiontrile (IDPN) as a mouse model of vestibular disorder. METHODS: Male ICR mice at 4 weeks of age were orally administered IDPN in saline (28 mmol/kg body weight) once. Rotarod, beam crossing, and air-righting reflex tests were performed before and 3-4 days after oral exposure one time to IDPN to determine balance functions. The saccule and utricles were labeled with fluorescein phalloidin. cVEMP measurements were performed for mice in the control and IDPN groups. Finally, the correlations between the scores of behavior tests and the amplitude or latency of cVEMP were determined with Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Two-tailed Student's t test and Welch's t test were used to determine a significant difference between the two groups. A difference with p < 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. RESULTS: After oral administration of IDPN at 28 mmol/kg, scores of the rotarod, beam, and air-righting reflex tests in the IDPN group were significantly lower than those in the control group. The numbers of hair cells in the saccule, utricle, and cupula were decreased in the IDPN group. cVEMP in the IDPN group was significantly decreased in amplitude and increased in latency compared to those in the control group. cVEMP amplitude had significant correlations with the numbers of hair cells as well as scores for all of the behavior tests in mice. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated impaired cVEMP and correlations of cVEMP with imbalance determined by behavior tests in a mouse model of vestibular disorder.
Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; drug effects ; physiology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hair Cells, Vestibular ; pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Nitriles ; adverse effects ; Postural Balance ; drug effects ; physiology ; Saccule and Utricle ; pathology ; Sensation Disorders ; chemically induced ; physiopathology ; Vestibular Diseases ; chemically induced ; diagnosis ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials ; drug effects ; physiology ; Vestibular Function Tests