A new method using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet detection (HPLC–UV) was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of atazanavir, dolutegravir, darunavir, efavirenz, etravirine lopinavir, raltegravir, rilpivirine and tipranavir in human plasma. For the first time we reported here the development and validation of an HPLC–UV assay to quantify the frequently administered 9 antiretroviral compounds including dolutegravir and rilpivirine. A simple solid phase extraction procedure was applied to 500 μL aliquots of plasma. The chromatographic separation of the drugs and internal standard (quinoxaline) was achieved with a gradient of acetonitrile and sodium acetate buffer on a C18 reverse-phase analytical column with a 25 min analytical run time. Calibration curves were optimised according to the therapeutic range of drug concentrations in patients, and the coefficient of determination (r2) was higher than 0.99 for all analytes. Mean intraday and interday precisions (RSD) for all compounds were less than 15.0%, and the mean accuracy (%deviation from nominal concentration) was also found to be less than 15.0%. Extraction recovery range was between 80%and 120%for all drugs analysed. The solid phase extraction and HPLC–UV method enable a specific, sensitive, and reliable simultaneous determination of nine antiretroviral agents in plasma. Good extraction efficiency and low limit of HPLC–UV quantification make this method suitable for use in clinical trials and therapeutic drug monitoring.

In many ways, cancer cells are different from healthy cells. A lot of tactical nano-based drug delivery systems are based on the difference between cancer and healthy cells. Currently, nanotechnology-based delivery systems are the most promising tool to deliver DNA-based products to cancer cells. This review aims to highlight the latest development in the lipids and polymeric nanocarrier for siRNA delivery to the cancer cells. It also provides the necessary information about siRNA development and its mechanism of action. Overall, this review gives us a clear picture of lipid and polymer-based drug delivery systems, which in the future could form the base to translate the basic siRNA biology into siRNA-based cancer therapies.