Objective]The main summary of academic thought of Professor Qu Nini in treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. [Method]Through reading the tutor on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease works and clinically following up study, summarize the tutor in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and through medical records. [Result]Professor Qu thinks that the lung, spleen and kidney three organs weakness, phlegm and blood stasis resistance are the main pathogenesis of this disease, in the treatment of tonic dispel, often with Bufei decoction, Suzi Jiangqi decoction as the basic decoction treatment, at the same time, more with the treatment based on syndrome differentiation, Yang phlegm, real tonic diarrhea. As a case, the effect is better. [Conclusion]Mentor in treatment of this disease, to pay attention to viscera weakness, also remove reality, internal and external treatment, reduce the acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease frequency, improve the patient's symptoms, improve the quality of life of patients, is worthy of our generations to inherit and carry forward.

Objective To align the mapping points from the locations of catheter electrodes with CT/MR image three-dimension data of the cardiac chamber. Methods Most of existing algorithms assumed that two spaces spanned respectively by mapping points and by CT/MR data were orthogonal, and thus modulated only 9 free-degrees of three-dimension translations, rotations and scaling for registration. However, our research showed that the above two spaces might be not always orthogonal. So we introduced affine transformation model based on 12 free-degrees and the corresponding iterative closest point algorithm to realize the registration and further incorporate the registration algorithm with the clinical operations. Combining with OpenGL, we realized the proposed algorithm via Visual C]+]+ 6.0 software. Results Simulation results showed that the residual registration errors on average were decreased from 40 pixels before registration to 1.5 pixels after registration. This algorithm was further validated in animal experiments. Conclusion This proposed three-dimension mapping registration algorithm well realizes the registration in three-dimension cardiac mapping and has practical application values.

Imaging examination results of 50 breast cancer patients undergoing surgical treatment between January 2006 and December 2007 were retrospectively analyzed. Our data showed that 32 patients (64%) had positive results in contrast-enhanced CT, and metastases to lung, mediastinal lymph node, axillary lymph node, or chest wall were found in 22 (44.0%), 11 (22.0%), 10 (20.0%), and 3 patients (6.0% ), respectively. Only 10 patients (20%) had abnormal image manifestation in X-ray, 8 of which showed metastases to lung. In summary, contrast-enhanced CT examinations may be more useful in the detection of metastases in post-operative follow up of breast cancer.

The imaging of X-ray, CT and MRI of 25 cases of limb bone contusion were analyzed retrospectively. Twenty five cases of limb bone confusion were diagnosed by MRI imaging, including 18 cases(72% ) in knee joint,4 cases(16%) in anklebone,2 cases(8%) in wrist and 1 case(4%) in elbow joint. But only 3 cases (12%)presented partial positive results in CT imaging and there was no bone contusion diagnosed. No abnormal manifestation in X-ray imaging for all 25 cases. The results suggest that MRI examination is valuable for diagnose of limb bone contusion.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the clinical rational application and preventing the adverse reactions of hy-droxyethyl starch(HES). METHODS:The HES application of inpatients in a hospital in Jul. 2014 were retrospectively analyzed, the usage and dosage,indications,and the changes of renal functions and blood coagulation function before and after HES treat-ment were detected,and the application rationality was evaluated. RESULTS:The usage of HES in the hospital was hydroxyethyl starch 200/0.5 and Sodium chloride injection,which was the second generation of HES. In the 347 patients,295 patients had moni-tored the renal functions before the HES treatment,the result was normal;and 21 patients had monitored the renal functions after HES treatment,the result was normal. Meanwhile,326 patients had monitored the blood coagulation functions before and after HES treatment,the results were normal. HES was not used for the patient of severe sepsis,renal dysfunctions and coagulopathy in this hospital. CONCLUSIONS:The application of HES can induce renal damage and coagulation disorder,so relevant indicators should be closely monitored before and after treatment to prevent the incidence of adverse reactions;further more,clinicians should strictly handle indications,usage and dosage and precautions during the clinical application;in addition,it is suggested to replace the second generation of HES by the third generation,which is more safer.

Introduction: Adolescents below the age of majority require parental consent for treatment or else the treating doctor may be liable for trespass and assault. This creates a dilemma for frontline doctors, as involving parents in the discussion could add yet another barrier to the existing barriers for adolescents in terms of access to healthcare services.

The paper proposed a concept to build a management system for operating room hidden costs in an effort to better hospital management and alleviate patients' economic burden.The authors analyzed the root of such costs from the levels of operating room's design and construction,as well as management and operations,proposing a framework of such hidden costs.Based on diversified cost characteristics,they come up with a number of estimating methods,and control methods against different hidden costs by using management theories systematically.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of serum tumor makers CA15-3,19 fragments of cellular keratin antigen(CYFRA21-1)combined with the color Doppler ultrasound and mammography X-ray in diagnosis of early breast cancer.Methods According to the postoperative pathologic diagnosis,collected 106 cases of patients with breast cancer (breast cancer group) and 50 cases of patients with benign breast lesions (control group),the serum tumor makers CA15-3,CYFRA21-1,the color Doppler ultrasound and mammography X-ray were compared with postoperative pathology and statistical analyzed retrospectively.Results The sensitivity of CA15-3 was 63.2%(67/106),specificity was 94.O% (47/50);the sensitivity of CYFRA21-1 was 73.6%(78/106),specificity was 88.0%(44/50);the sensitivity of color Doppler ultrasound was 77.4%(82/106),specificity was 90.0%(45/50);the sensitivity of mammography X-ray was 75.5%(80/106),specificity was 92.0%(46/50);the sensitivity of the four combined detections was 96.2%(102/106),specificity was 80.0%(40/50).The sensitivity of combined detection was higher than any of them individually,there was statistical significance (P<0.05).Conclusions Combined diagnosis is an effective way of early breast cancer detection.It has high positive rate of diagnosis and reliable guidance significance for diagnosis and treatment.

Currently,medical ethics education is well popularized,yet not popular among medical students,interns or clinical doctors,for which its formalistic teaching content and mode are to blame.To realize its real educative effects,infiltrating medical ethics into the ideological perception among medical students,interns and clinical doctors,besides horizontal expansion in education popularity,more emphasis should be put to grasping and instructing the essence of medical ethics on a vertical level in order to make the recognition of medical ethics education as common sense among medical professionals.

BACKGROUND: An important initial step in developing a tissue engineering artificial salivary gland organoid is to find an ideal scaffold. To find other new biomaterials should to be further studied.OBJECTIVE: To obtain an acellular matrix from tracheae of rabbits and SD rats, and to investigate its biocompatibility as a primary step toward developing a tissue engineering artificial salivary gland organoid.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A randomized controlled animal study, which was performed at the Key Laboratory of Transplantation Engineering and Immunology of Ministry of Health, West China Hospital of Sichuan University from February 2003 to May 2005.MATERIALS: A modified detergent and enzyme link extraction procedure was performed to remove cells from SD rats and rabbits tracheae. The histology, topography of inner-surface and biocompatibility were studied on both acellular tracheae.METHODS: Eighteen SD rats were randomly divided into 2 groups. One group was planted acellular trachea of SD rats. Other group consisted of acellular trachea of rabbits. On the third generations, submandibular gland cells were inoculated on two acellular tracheae and cultured on PGA membrane; while, cells in the control group were inoculated on 12-well culture plate, and cell/scaffold complex was cultured at the same time.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The structure and topography of inner-surface of the acellular tracheae matrixes were observed both by light and scanning electron microscopy. The inflammatory response of the tissue around acellular tracheae implanted under the skin of cheek was evaluated at 1, 4, 12 weeks. The numbers of cells grown on the acellular tracheae and PGA film were counted at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 days. At 1, 3, 5, 7 days, the mean values of metabolic activity test and the amylase activities of supernatants of the cells/scaffold complexes were examined.RESULTS: The cells were completely removed from both tracheae. No evident inflammatory response was found in tissues around two kinds of acellular tracheae implanted under the skin of cheek. The number of submandibular gland cells (SSG) grown on the two kinds of naturally derived biomaterials was much more than grown on PGA (P<0.05). The mean values of metabolic activity test and the amylase activities of supernatants containing cell/acellular matrixes were much higher than that of cell/PGA (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The acelhilar tracheae matrixes made by our laboratory can be used as scaffold in the study of tissue engineering artificial salivary gland organoid.