If we analogize any external physical force applied to victims of crimes involving violence, it would be possible to not only presume the mutual action between victims and suspects but also deduce more facts related to the cases. Therefore, in this study, defining the phenomenon of amino acid compounds in sweat spreading into clothes as impact marks, experiments using ninhydrin, 1,8-dizafluoren-9-one (DFO), 1,2-indanedione-zinc (1,2-IND-Zn) were conducted to determine developmental variations through change over time, which was not performed in previous studies. A 5-week period was set up including first damage as a variation factor, and materials in each action were developed using certain reagents. The level of specimen development depending on the change over time was identified. Thus, no changes were observed at each initial level of development.
Amino Acids* ; Clothing* ; Crime ; Indicators and Reagents* ; Ninhydrin ; Sweat ; Violence ; Weapons*

BACKGROUND: The test for hippurate hydrolysis is critical for differentiation of C. jejuni and other thermophilic Campylobacter species. So, we evaluated the disk method for detection of hippurate hydrolysis by C. jejuni. METHODS: Twenty-eight Campylobacter species isolated from stool culture were simultaneously tested with disk method for detection of hippurate hydrolysis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for hippuricase specific gene. Disk method was tested with difference in incubation time (2 hours vs. 4 hours), hippurate concentration (1%, 2%, and 4%), amount of ninhydrin (50 microliter vs. 100 microliter), and inoculation method (colony vs. suspension of organism adjusted by turbidity), finally, 24 types of disk methods were performed. RESULTS: By using hippuricase PCR method as the reference for the detection of hippurate hydrolysis, the disk method showed a sensitivity of 91.7% and a specificity of 100% when two kinds of disk methods were simultaneously performed. CONCLUSIONS: The disk method for detection of hippurate hydrolysis is simple to use and require fewer cells than the tube method do, and should be useful as a routine diagnostic test in clinical laboratory for rapid identification of C. jejuni.
Campylobacter jejuni* ; Campylobacter* ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Hydrolysis* ; Ninhydrin ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sensitivity and Specificity

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Glutaraldehyde (GA) has been used as a representative method of tissue preservation in cardiovascular surgery. However, GA has showed limited durability including calcification, mechanical failure and toxicity. To overcome those unsolved problems, we analyzed the crosslinking differences of primary amines, GA and genipin in their mechanical and biochemical properties with a single or double crosslinking agent for clinical application. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Samples were divided into 3 groups; control, single crosslinking fixation and double crosslinking fixation after decellurarization using bovine pericardium. For analysis of the biochemical and mechanical properties of each crosslinking method, tensile strength, percentage strain, thermal stability, resistance to pronase, nynhydrin and cytotoxicity test were studied. RESULTS: Combined hexamethylene diamine and suberic acid in the carbodiimide hydrochloride/N-hydroxysucinimide solution (EDC/NHS) after decellurarization, tensile strength and strain percentage were not statistically significant compared to the single crosslinking treated groups (p>0.05). Tissue crosslinking stability was weak in single treatment of diphenylphosphoryl azide, suberic acid, low concentration of EDC, hexamethylene diamine and procyanidin groups, but thermal stability and resistance to the pronase and ninhydrin were markedly increased in concentrated EDC/NHS or after combined double treatment with low concentration of GA or genipin (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Single or double crosslinking with low concentration of carbodiimide, diphenylphosphonyl azide, procyanidin, suberic acid and hexane diamine were not as effective in mechanical, biochemical, cytotoxic and crosslinking properties compared to GA or genipin fixation, but their mechanical and chemical properties were much improved when combined with low concentrations of GA or genipin in the double crosslinking process.
Amines ; Azides ; Biflavonoids ; Bioprosthesis ; Caprylates ; Catechin ; Dicarboxylic Acids ; Glutaral ; Iridoids ; Ninhydrin ; Pericardium ; Proanthocyanidins ; Pronase ; Sprains and Strains ; Tensile Strength ; Tissue Preservation