Objective:To explore the clinical, imaging, and pathological features of glottic squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx and their relationship with prognosis. Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical, imaging, and pathological data of 130 patients with glottic squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx who were treated at the First People's Hospital of Yinchuan and the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from January 2018 to March 2023. Imaging examinations （CT and MRI） were used to evaluate the lesion boundary clarity, density, enhancement nature, and enhancement degree. Postoperative pathological examination was used to determine the pathological nature, immunohistochemistry, etc. Statistical methods such as χ² test, Spearman correlation analysis, multivariate logistic regression analysis, and Kaplan-Meier method were used to analyze the data. Results:Among the 130 patients, 127 were male and 3 were female, with an average age of （61.92±9.595） years. There was a correlation between clinical, imaging, and pathological features. Multivariate analysis showed that heterogeneous MRI density （OR=12.414;P=0.019） and squamous cell carcinoma as a subtype were correlated. The initial symptom of non-hoarseness （HR=6.045;P=0.010） and unclear MRI boundary （HR=12.559; P=0.029） were independent risk factors for poor prognosis in patients with glottic squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. Conclusion:There is a correlation between the clinical, imaging, and pathological features of patients with glottic squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx, and they can affect prognosis. The initial symptom of non-hoarseness and unclear MRI boundary of the tumor are independent risk factors for poor prognosis.
Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms/diagnosis* ; Prognosis ; Male ; Female ; Retrospective Studies ; Middle Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Glottis/pathology* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Aged

Hearing loss is the most prevalent disabling disease. Cochlear implantation（CI） serves as the primary intervention for severe to profound hearing loss. This consensus systematically explores the value of genetic diagnosis in the pre-operative assessment and efficacy prognosis for CI. Drawing upon domestic and international research and clinical experience, it proposes an evidence-based medicine three-tiered prognostic classification system（Favorable, Marginal, Poor）. The consensus focuses on common hereditary non-syndromic hearing loss（such as that caused by mutations in genes like GJB2, SLC26A4, OTOF, LOXHD1） and syndromic hereditary hearing loss（such as Jervell & Lange-Nielsen syndrome and Waardenburg syndrome）, which are closely associated with congenital hearing loss, analyzing the impact of their pathological mechanisms on CI outcomes. The consensus provides recommendations based on multiple round of expert discussion and voting. It emphasizes that genetic diagnosis can optimize patient selection, predict prognosis, guide post-operative rehabilitation, offer stratified management strategies for patients with different genotypes, and advance the application of precision medicine in the field of CI.
Humans ; Cochlear Implantation ; Prognosis ; Hearing Loss/surgery* ; Consensus ; Connexin 26 ; Mutation ; Sulfate Transporters ; Connexins/genetics*

Objective:To compare the preoperative presentation, intraoperative findings, and postoperative outcomes between middle ear cholesteatoma with tympanosclerosis （MECwTS） and middle ear cholesteatoma without tympanosclerosis （MECw/oTS）, thereby investigating the clinical characteristics of MECwTS. Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 120 patients with middle ear cholesteatoma. Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of concomitant tympanosclerosis: the MECwTS group （n=49） and the MECw/oTS group （n=71）. All patients underwent preoperative evaluations including temporal bone CT, otoscopic examination, pure-tone audiometry, tympanometry, and assessment using the Zurich Chronic Middle Ear Inventory （ZCMEI-21） quality of life scale. All patients underwent canal wall down mastoidectomy with tympanoplasty. Concurrent ossicular chain reconstruction was performed: partial ossicular replacement prosthesis （PORP） in 83 cases and total ossicular replacement prosthesis （TORP） in 37 cases. Intraoperative disease severity was assessed using the Cholesteatoma Comprehensive Score Scale （CCSS）. Postoperative follow-up lasted at least one year and included pure-tone audiometry, otoscopic examination, and the ZCMEI-21 scale administered at ≥1 year post-surgery. Preoperative and postoperative air-bone gap （ABG） and ZCMEI-21 scores were compared between the MECwTS and MECw/oTS groups. Additionally, surgical efficacy was defined as a postoperative ABG ≤20 dB; the hearing improvement efficacy of PORP versus TORP was compared based on this criterion. Results: ①Preoperative ABG showed no significant difference between the MECw/oTS and MECwTS groups（P>0.05）. Postoperative ABG was （18.65±10.21） dB in the MECw/oTS group versus （22.55±9.53） dB in the MECwTS group, demonstrating a statistically significant intergroup difference （P<0.05）. ②Intraoperative CCSS scores were significantly higher in the MECwTS group （8.04±2.18） compared to the MECw/oTS group （5.93±1.44） （P<0.05）. ③Preoperative ZCMEI-21 scores showed no significant difference between groups （P>0.05）. Postoperative ZCMEI-21 scores were （22.24±8.11） in the MECw/oTS group versus （27.02±7.21） in the MECwTS group, indicating a statistically significant difference （P<0.05）. ④Postoperative ABG ≤20 dB was achieved in 54 patients （65.06%, 54/83） in the PORP group and 16 patients （43.24%, 16/37） in the TORP group. This difference in efficacy rates was statistically significant （P<0.05）. The overall efficacy rate for ossiculoplasty was 58.33% （70/120）. Conclusion: Patients with MECwTS exhibit more severe middle ear and mastoid pathology compared to those with MECw/oTS, resulting in poorer postoperative hearing levels and quality of life outcomes. Both PORP and TORP implantation can improve postoperative hearing to some extent; however, PORP appears to offer superior hearing improvement efficacy compared to TORP.
Humans ; Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear/complications* ; Retrospective Studies ; Tympanoplasty ; Myringosclerosis/surgery* ; Female ; Male ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Ossicular Replacement ; Ossicular Prosthesis ; Young Adult ; Ear, Middle ; Treatment Outcome ; Mastoidectomy ; Audiometry, Pure-Tone ; Adolescent ; Quality of Life

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics and major allergens of patients with pollen-food allergy syndrome（PFAS） and their correlation with the severity of symptoms, and to provide a basis for identifying high-risk patients, optimizing the allergen testing process and developing individualized dietary management strategies. Methods:The clinical data of 166 patients with PFAS admitted to our hospital from January 2021 to July 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical symptoms, pollen types and food allergy of the patients were analyzed by questionnaire survey and serum specific IgE detection. phi coefficient, Apriori algorithm modeling and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate the association between allergen and symptom severity. Results:Artemisia pollen was the most common allergen in this area, with a positive rate of 96.39%. Peach and mango were the most common food allergens, which caused allergic reactions in 24.10% and 22.89% of patients, respectively. Oral mucosal symptoms were the main symptoms. Correlation analysis showed that there was a correlation between pollen allergens and allergenic food. Association rule analysis showed that when the patient was allergic to the combination of peanuts and trees, the probability of high severity of symptoms was 82.35%. Multivariate analysis showed that ragweed allergy was significantly positively correlated with the severity of PFAS symptoms. Conclusion:Artemisia pollen and related food allergens play an important role in the pathogenesis of PFAS. Association rule mining and network map analysis revealed direct associations between peanut and tree combination allergy and symptom severity, as well as potential links between other inhaled allergens and specific food allergies. Ragweed and peach allergy are independent risk factors for the aggravation of PFAS symptoms, which can be used as early warning indicators. These results help to improve the screening of high-risk patients and the construction of regional allergen databases.
Humans ; Food Hypersensitivity/immunology* ; Allergens/immunology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Pollen/immunology* ; Cross Reactions ; Immunoglobulin E/blood* ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/immunology* ; Artemisia/immunology* ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Prunus persica/immunology* ; Arachis/immunology* ; Middle Aged ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Oral Allergy Syndrome

Objective:For tympanosclerosis patients with ossicular chain fixation, we use ossicular chain bypass technique and evaluate its long-term effects. Methods:From June 2017 to June 2019, 147 patients with tympanosclerosis who underwent middle ear surgery with otoscopy in Yinchuan First People's Hospital were reviewed. The subjects were divided into three groups according to the implemented operation plan, 51 cases in the ossicular chain mobilization group（OCM）, 56 cases in the ossicular chain bypass reconstruction group（OCB）, and 40 cases in the malleus-incus complex resection reconstruction group（MICR）. Through a three-year follow-up, the medium and long-term effects of different operation plans were compared and analyzed. Results:There was no significant difference among the three groups in the incidence of tympanic membrane perforation, delayed facial nerve palsy, and the dispatch and displacement of PORP. The incidence of tympanic membrane retraction pocket or cholesteatoma after operation in OCB group（0） was significantly lower than that in OCM group（11.76%） and MICR group（7.5%）（P<0.05）. At 12 months after operation, ΔABG of OCB group and MICR group were better than that in the OCM group（P<0.05）. At 36 months after operation, ΔABG of OCB group was better than that in the OCM group（P<0.05）, and there was no significant difference between OCB group and MICR group. The audiological performance of patients with epitympanic sclerosis（ETS） at 12, 24 and 36 months after operation was better than that of patients with posterior tympanosclerosis（PTS） and total tympanosclerosis（TTS）（P<0.05）. Conclusion:Compared with patients undergoing ossicular chain mobilization and malleus-incus complex resection for ossicular chain reconstruction, patients with tympanosclerosis undergoing bypass technique have better and stable hearing prognosis in medium and long term. This technique can effectively prevent the formation of retracted pocket and cholesteatoma in patients with tympanosclerosis after operation.
Humans ; Tympanosclerosis ; Ear Ossicles/surgery* ; Ear, Middle ; Malleus/surgery* ; Cholesteatoma ; Retrospective Studies ; Ossicular Prosthesis ; Treatment Outcome

Objective: To investigate the correlation of functional connectivity (FC) and the integrity of connective fibres between hippocampus and thalamus in Alzheimer′s disease(AD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Methods: Both resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data of 40 AD patients, 37 aMCI patients and 41 normal control subjects matching with age and educational level were collected. These subjects were all recruited from outpatient Department of Neurology in the Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, as well as poster, from May 2016 to January 2018. The FC strength between bilateral hippocampus and thalamus, as well as the parameters representing integrity of connective fibres, including fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity(MD),were analyzed. Also, the correlations between FC strength and FA or MD strength were analyzed in the study. Results: Compared to that of normal control subjects, the FC strength between billateral hippocampus and thalamus in patients with AD, aMCI were not significantly different(P>0.05). The integrity of bilateral connective fibres between hippocampus and thalamus were damaged in AD patients when compared to normal control subjects(P<0.01). A positive correlation of connective fibres integrity with FC strength between hippocampus and thalamus was found in the left side(r=0.25,P<0.05) but rather in the right side. Conclusion In AD and aMCI patients, structural connectivity between left hippocampus and thalamus affects the functional connectivity between them.

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of allergic rhinitis (AR) in Ningxia and to analyze its related factors. Methods: From March to September of 2013, a multi-stage and cluster sampling method was used to investigate the diagnosis and treatment of AR in Ningxia Area (3 years and above). Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of allergic rhinitis (2009, Wuyishan) was used as the basis for the diagnosis of adult AR, while Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of pediatric allergic rhinitis (2010, Chongqing) was used as the basis for children. SPSS 16.0 software was used to complete the statistical analysis. Results: The total number of questionnaires was 6 000, and the number of effective questionnaire was 5 236, the recovery rate was 87.27%. With 684 cases diagnosed of AR, the prevalence of AR in Ningxia was 13.06% (684/5 236), including 13.40% (325/2 425) of males, 12.77% (359/2 811) of females. The difference was not statistically significant (χ²=0.456, P>0.05). There was significant difference in the prevalence between Hui and Han [14.35% (452/3 150) vs 11.12% (232/2 086), χ²=11.51, P<0.05]. According to ARIA criteria, persistent AR was 27.63% (189/684), intermittent AR was 72.37% (495/684). The month with highest incidence of AR in Ningxia Area was September, accounting for 71.78% (491/684). The prevalence of urban population was 14.54%, with the prevalence of rural population was 11.90%, and the difference was significant between urban and rural residents (χ²=7.90, P<0.05). The age group with highest prevalence rate was 21~30 years old. The main inhalation allergens were mugwort (68.42%), weeds (58.48%) and ragweed (55.56%). The main dietary allergens were wheat flour (14.33%), peanut (13.74%) and walnut kernel (11.99%). The most common complication was allergic conjunctivitis [82.02% (561/684)]. Conclusion The epidemiology of AR in Ningxia Area is preliminarily understood, which will provide the epidemiological evidence for the prevention and treatment of AR and the formulation of public health policy.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the features and correlation of nasal inverted papilloma complicated with polyps. METHOD: Twelve patients diagnosed as nasal inverted papilloma complicated with polyps were studied. The pathological specimens were taken from the surface, core and base of papilloma and sinus in every patient. Through comparing pathological findings, the features and correlation of nasal inverted papilloma complicated with polyps were evaluated. RESULT: In most cases, nasal inverted papilloma was located in the core and base of the mass, while the polyps were located in the surface of the mass. CONCLUSION Nasal inverted papilloma complicated with polyps may result from long-term inflammation that occurred in the surface of the epithelia of superficial papilloma. Therefore, the occurrence of neoplastic disease in core should be alerted in unilateral nasal polyp case.
Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Polyps ; complications ; pathology ; Nose Neoplasms ; complications ; pathology ; Papilloma, Inverted ; complications ; pathology

OBJECTIVE: To explore the indications of cochlear implantation in postlingually deaf adults. METHOD: Five postlingually deaf adults participated in our investigation, surgery age 19-58 (median age 26 years). All patients received 24R (Cochlear,Australia). Four weeks after operation, all the patients have started the program. Through one year follow-up, we used the categories of auditory performance (CAP) and speech intelligibility rating criteria (SIR) to assess their hearing ability and speech intelligibility. RESULT: Through testing for five patients who used cochlear implant continuously more than one year by Pure-tone audiometry, CAP and SIR, we assessed and found that the five patients hearing threshold raise to 25-45 dB in 0.5 kHz, 1.0 kHz, 2.0 kHz, 4.0 kHz, CAP average of 3.4, SIR average of 2.4. Two patients' ability of speech recognition and emotional communication were not improved almost, while these ability in other three were improved in varying degrees. CONCLUSION For postlingual deaf adults caused by different reasons, how to make patients benefit from cochlear implantation and increase their capacity for independent living and self-confidence due to select surgical indications correctly.
Adult ; Cochlear Implantation ; methods ; Cochlear Implants ; Contraindications ; Deafness ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Speech Perception ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult