Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Tanreqing combined with cefoperazone sulbactam for treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and explore its mechanism. Methods One hundred and twenty eligible COPD patients admitted to the Harrison International Peace Hospital in Hengshui of Hebei Province from June 2015 to August 2017 were selected, their diagnostic criteria were in accordance with the diagnostic guidelines for COPD (in 2007 revision edition) and they were divided into an experimental group and a control group according to the random number table method, with 60 patients in each group. Both groups had the same routine treatment, such as continuous nasal catheter low flow oxygen inhalation, expel phlegm and relieve asthma, and electrolyte disturbance correction. In the control group, cefoperazone sulbactam intravenous drip was given on the basis of conventional treatment; and the experimental group was additionally given Tanreqing intravenous drip on the basis of treatment in the control group. Both groups received 1 course of treatment for 7 days. According to the clinical symptoms, imagelogy, laboratory indexes, the therapeutic effect was evaluated, and the levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in serum were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results After treatment, the levels of IL-2 in serum were significantly higher than those before treatment in both groups (μg/L: control group was 15.5±2.8 vs. 12.7±1.5, experimental group was 18.2±3.2 vs. 11.6±1.3, both P < 0.05), while the levels of TNF-α in serum were decreased compared with those before treatment in both groups (μg/L: control group was 23.8±2.1 vs. 26.9±6.2, experimental group was 20.1±4.3, 27.6±3.7, both P < 0.05). After treatment, the concentration of IL-2 in the serum of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (μg/L: 18.2±3.2 vs. 15.5±2.8, P < 0.05), and TNF-α level was significantly lower than that of the control group (μg/L: 20.1±4.3 vs. 23.8±2.1, P < 0.05). After 1 course of treatment, the clinical efficacy in the experimental group was significant, and its total effective rate was higher than that in the control group [93.3% (56/60) vs. 86.7% (52/60), P < 0.05], and no adverse reactions were observed during the course of treatment in both groups. Conclusion The therapeutic effect of Tanreqing combined with cefoperazone sulbactam for treatment of patients with COPD is obvious, and it can increase the concentration of IL-2 and reduce the concentration of TNF-α in serum.

Objective: To investigate a new approach for double-eyelid blepharoplasty. Methods: Double-eyelid blepharoplasty was performed by turning the orbital septum downward and fixing it to the upper border of the lower orbicularis oculi muscle and posterior pretarsal fascia, which is imitating physiological mechanical conduction. During double-eyelid blepharoplasty, the orbital septum was cut horizontally. Using the fusion of the levator aponeurosis with septum as a pedicle, the lower part of the orbital septum was turned downward and then sutured to the upper border of the lower orbicularis oculi muscle and posterior pretarsal fascia. We evaluated the outcomes of this double-eyelid surgical procedure in patients undergoing the procedure from December 2015 to February 2018. Results: 622 eyes of 311 patients were included in the final analysis. Sutures were removed 7 days after surgery. All double-eyelid lines were well-formed, and the eyelids closed well. Three-to twelve-month follow-up results revealed that the double-eyelid shape was natural, no patients experienced upper eyelid retraction or incomplete eye closure. Notched scars did not occur, and patient satisfaction was achieved in all cases. 281 patients were fully satisfied with the surgical results and 30 were basically satisfied with the surgical results. Conclusions Turning the orbital septum downward is a good approach for double-eyelid blepharoplasty.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the behaviors related to infectious disease and family factors in primary and middle school students, and to provide evidence for improving behaviors related to infectious disease.
 METHODS: A total of 8465 students were randomly surveyed by a standard questionnaire of behaviors related to infectious disease. Chi-square test was used to analyze the influential factors for behaviors related to infectious disease, and non conditional logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the multiple factors.
 RESULTS: The total formation rate of behaviors related to infectious disease was 66.4%. The rates for primary and middle school students were 69.4% and 62.8% respectively, with significant difference (P<0.05). There were significant differences in the following behaviors, such as washing hands before eating food, rarely buying snacks on outside stalls, informing teachers when showing infectious disease symptoms (all P<0.05), the degree for such behaviors in primary school students was higher than that in middle school students. There were also significant differences in the following behaviors, such as washing hands after using the toilet, blocking with a handkerchief, wiping while coughing and sneezing (all P<0.05), the degree for such behaviors in middle school students was higher than that in primary school students. Non conditional logistic regression analysis showed that the behaviors related to infectious disease in primary and middle school students were associated with parents' education degree, mother's occupation and living status with parents.
 CONCLUSION Behaviors related to infectious disease in primary and middle school students need to be improved, and the formation of these behaviors may be related to many family factors.
Adolescent ; Adolescent Behavior ; Child ; Child Behavior ; Communicable Diseases ; epidemiology ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Parents ; Schools ; Students ; Surveys and Questionnaires

From January 2019 to December 2021, overweight and obese children who visited in health outpatient Center of Hunan Children's Hospital were studied to explore and analyze the rate, related factors and patterns of multimorbidity of overweight and obesity-related diseases in children in Hunan Province. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the multimorbidity-related factors of overweight and obesity-related diseases in children. Association rules (apriori algorithm) were used to explore the multimorbidity patterns of overweight and obesity-related diseases in children. A total of 725 overweight and obese children were included in this study. The multimorbidity rate of overweight and obesity-related diseases in children was 46.07% (334/725). Age, waist circumference, the frequency of food consumption such as hamburgers and fries and adding meals before bedtime were multimorbidity-related factors of overweight and obesity-related diseases in children. The multimorbidity associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was relatively common. The patterns with the top three support degrees were "NAFLD+dyslipidemia","NAFLD+hypertension" and "NAFLD+hyperuricemia". The patterns with the top three confidence and elevation degrees were "Hypertension+dyslipidemia => NAFLD","Hyperuricemia => NAFLD" and "NAFLD+hypertension => dyslipidemia".
Child ; Humans ; Overweight/complications* ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ; Pediatric Obesity/epidemiology* ; Hyperuricemia ; Multimorbidity ; Hypertension/epidemiology* ; Dyslipidemias ; Body Mass Index ; Risk Factors

Objective: To understand the association between body fat distribution and calcaneal bone mineral density (BMD) in children and adolescents aged 6-16 years in Beijing. Methods: Children and adolescents were selected in 30 schools (8 primary schools, 21 middle schools and one 12-year education school) from Dongcheng, Tongzhou, Fangshan and Miyun districts of Beijing by using a stratified cluster sampling method from November 2017 to January 2018. A total of 15 030 students in grade 1 to 4 of primary school, grade 1 of junior and senior middle school were enrolled after excluding subjects who were not able to participate into this study due to trauma or other uncomfortable physical conditions or with missing key values or with diabetes and kidney diseases. Questionnaire survey, body composition and calcaneus bone mineral density were conducted. The relation of fat mass percentage (FMP), trunk to total fat ratio (TrTFR), trunk to limb fat ratio (TrLFR), limb to total fat ratio (LTFR) and viscera to total fat ratio (VTFR) with calcaneus BMD were assessed using the multivariate linear regression models after adjusting for possible confounding effects. The central fat distribution types were divided into 4 groups including type 1: both trunk fat and visceral fat greater than the sex-and age-specific internal P₇₅; type 2: barely trunk fat greater than P₇₅; type 3: barely visceral fat greater than P₇₅; type 4: both trunk fat and visceral fat greater than P₇₅. The central fat distribution types were included into the model in the form of dummy variables to analyze its relationship with calcaneal BMD. The sex-and age-specific z-scores of fat distribution indicators and BMD were calculated. Results: A total of 15 030 participants aged (11.4±3.3) years (50.2% boys) were involved in the analysis. In both genders, after adjusting for age, height, lean mass index, smoking, drinking, physical activity, milk intake, vitamin D and calcium supplementation, FMP, TrTFR, TrLFR and VTFR were negatively correlated with calcaneal BMD (all P value<0.05), while LTFR was positively associated with calcaneal BMD (all P values<0.05). Compared to the central fat distribution type 1, the regression coefficients (95% CI) of type 2, 3 and 4 were -0.253 (-0.418, -0.087), -0.385 (-0.567, -0.204) and -0.428 (-0.487, -0.369) in boys, respectively; the regression coefficients (95% CI) of type 3 and 4 were -0.158 (-0.301, -0.015) and -0.226 (-0.290, -0.163), respectively. Conclusion Body fat distribution and central fat distribution in children and adolescents were correlated with calcaneus bone mineral density.